For large and medium-sized cities in the mainland that are determined to do great things and want to take on more important responsibilities, these actions are really insignificant. The more advanced the city, the more developed the region. However, such "unprecedented" is precious to a border area that is lagging behind in development and needs "blood transfusion", which shows that Xishuangbanna knows the urgency.
A widening gap
From a vertical perspective, Xishuangbanna's economy and society have developed beyond imagination in the past forty or fifty years, which is worth cheering. However, while cheering for brilliant achievements, we should also face up to the gap. In terms of development speed and quality, there is a huge gap compared with developed and advanced cities in the mainland. In many aspects, the gap is getting bigger and bigger, not at a starting line. Xishuangbanna has made great strides, and advanced and developed cities have run faster.
For example, in tourism, Xishuangbanna can no longer be compared with mainland cities with rich tourism formats, no matter the number of tourists, tourism income or the structure of foreign tourists.
For example, the urbanization rate of registered population and permanent population in Xishuangbanna is lower than that of the whole province, which is still far from the national level. It has not changed from urbanization to urbanization, and it is far from the already booming metropolitan area, metropolitan area and urban agglomeration in the mainland.
For example, in terms of transportation, Xishuangbanna has one city and two counties, but the county-county expressway is very late. Others have already entered the era of high-speed rail, and the design speed of Yumo Railway, which is about to open to traffic, is only160km (250-350km/h).
For example, in industry, the top 100 cities and counties in China have built the whole industrial chain in sub-sectors, leading cities have formed industrial clusters, and the industrial chain construction in Xishuangbanna is still short-board, far from the industrial chain.
So Xishuangbanna is a magical, beautiful and backward autonomous prefecture with good development conditions, slow development process, superior geographical position and weak export-oriented economy. The number of tourists is squeezed out of the top five in the province, the fiscal revenue is the third lowest in the province, and the GDP is the fifth lowest in the province. The per capita GDP of 6,543,800+3,000 permanent residents is only 46,500 yuan, which is 5,654,380 yuan in the whole province and 72,000 yuan in the whole country.
There are three big countries in Yunnan corresponding to neighboring Vietnam, Laos and Myanmar, but compared with the total import and export volume in 2020, Honghe Prefecture is 40.2 billion, Dehong Prefecture is 39.5 billion and Xishuangbanna is only 23 billion. When the first two states were cultivating and developing export-oriented processing and manufacturing industries, Xishuangbanna was playing the card of "tourism real estate", which was once very beautiful.
Side effects of localization
Xishuangbanna opened its tourism earlier, became the object of appreciation and praise, and accumulated great fame, but fame is a double-edged sword. The problems of economic industry and the gap with advanced areas are all hidden under the reputation and ignored, and people who have been intoxicated with appreciation for a long time become numb and sensitive. There are fewer and fewer people who see and point out the problems and gaps, and more people turn a blind eye or turn a blind eye, but when the problems are to be revealed, they will not be ahead of time.
In 2002, People's Daily pointed out that "the depression of Banna tourism and the prosperity of Lijiang and Dali are indisputable facts", and the status of tourism weakened, especially after 20 10, the proportion of tourists in first-tier cities declined, emerging tourist destinations obviously diverted tourists, and traditional mainstream routes were broken by emerging hotspots.
At the same time, the homogeneity of the same type of scenic spots in the state is obvious; Most of the inbound tourists come from nearby Thailand and Laos, and there are fewer tourists from Europe and America. But these are not big problems, and the bigger hidden danger is the side effect of "tourism real estate".
For more than ten years, regardless of industrial reality, population size, economic base and urban energy level, they are eager to realize natural and tourism resources, thus attracting large and small housing enterprises to settle in, and most of them carry out disorderly real estate development under the banner of cultural tourism. The narrow urban area is surrounded by real estate construction sites, and billboards are full of real estate projects. All the problems are hidden behind the "in full swing" until the province takes the shot and the problems are concentrated.
In fact, such a thing has happened in Hainan and Beihai, both of which are in the tropics and mainly promote cold tourism. As long as we rely on real estate to realize natural and tourism resources, as long as we rely on real estate to make quick money, prosperity is a temporary illusion and will pay a heavy price for it.
Tourism real estate did not make the urbanization of Xishuangbanna into urbanization, nor did it change the industry of Xishuangbanna from "traditional agriculture type" to "new industry type". As a tourist attraction, the industrial layout can't keep up with the disorderly expansion of real estate, which will bring two "pain points" to Xishuangbanna in the future.
First, it is difficult for industries with limited resources to assume the responsibility of leading the development direction and industrial agglomeration. The rampage of tourism real estate will only make the local economic structure farther and farther away from the modern economic system with the real economy as the core and new technology as the support;
Secondly, according to the requirements of high quality, it is necessary to provide necessary public expenditure for real estate projects that have been built for many years in the future, that is to say, education and medical care should have money, continuous investment and time to accumulate. Xishuangbanna is a state that lives by transfer payment, and its own "hematopoietic" ability is low. "Wealth" is a big problem, and "continuous investment" will become a big gap, and this public debt should be owed.
Advantages of "limited resources"
Over the years, the leading industry in Xishuangbanna has only been real estate, and the industry with limited resources has always been the leading industry. What is an industry with limited resources?
Agriculture is an industry with limited resources. Technology can increase the yield per mu of agricultural products by half or even double, but it can't achieve a tenfold increase. Agriculture is always limited by land area. For the same land resources, although the income from planting tea and rubber is stronger than that from planting grain and vegetables, the former is far greater than the latter in terms of hard work and input cost.
The unit price of farmers' labor changes slowly, and the price of agricultural products has a limit. When you do the math, you will know that whether it is planting tea, growing grain, growing vegetables, or raising fish, pigs and beekeeping, income is always the most basic link, with insufficient industrial support and low added value. To increase income, we can only expand the planting area, and farmers just live a hard and free life.
Tourism is also an industry with limited resources, and its output value is limited by the number of tourists in scenic spots. At present, in the stage of holiday and economic development, there are really not many people who have time and money. The local economy that relies on tourism is very limited. Xishuangbanna's economy is relatively small, with GDP just over 60 billion. What concept? The100th GDP of the top 100 counties in China has reached more than 57 billion, and there are 50 billion townships in developed areas, while Xishuangbanna is a prefecture-level state with a population of10.3 million.
In 2020, the total revenue of land transfer and tax revenue in Xishuangbanna is only 5.77 billion, that in Jinghong County is 2.47 billion, that in Menghai County165438+400 million, and that in Mengla County is 570 million. What concept? It takes about 3 billion yuan, 2.47 billion yuan, 65.438+065.438+40 million yuan and 570 million yuan to maintain a regular county government for a year, which is not enough to pay civil servants' salaries, let alone poverty alleviation, education and medical care, and tens of billions are needed every year just for fixed investment. All this money depends on debt and transfer payments. After decades of development, the ability of "hematopoiesis" is still very low, almost entirely relying on blood transfusion.
Agriculture with "limited resources" has great influence on natural ecology. In the case that the unit price of labor force, the yield per mu and the price of agricultural products have not changed much, the industrial base is weak and the support is insufficient. In order to increase the output value or income, we can only expand the planting area, and the cultivated land resources are limited, so farmers are encouraged to plant rubber, tea, Amomum villosum and even marijuana, and the natural forests outside the nature reserve are eroded, so they should be "excellent students" in the ecological environment.
This year, the Eighth Ecological Environmental Protection Inspector Group of the Central Committee named Xishuangbanna: Jinghong Municipal Garbage Disposal Site "the problem of environmental violations is outstanding. It is a pollution control facility, but it has become a source of pollution "; "Due to deforestation for land reclamation, deforestation for tea planting and other reasons, the area of natural forests in 2020 will be less than that in 20 16 years184,000 mu".
Seeing this, you should understand why Xishuangbanna is in a hurry. Xishuangbanna should really know that it is in a hurry. It should be eager to keep up with the pace of the whole province, change the trend of widening gap with advanced regions, change the economic development model and improve the industrial structure.
It is gratifying that Xishuangbanna has begun to face up to the gap. Only by facing up to the gap will we know the urgency. Only by carefully studying the urgency can we find a good countermeasure. If so, we can build "a world famous tourist city, a demonstration zone open along the border and a demonstration zone of national unity and progress".
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