Architectural hardware began in the blacksmith store, coppersmith store and tinsmith store and other craft workshops. China in the Tang Dynasty there is a nail workshop, by hand beating nails, latches, locks, door rings and so on. But because of the ancient building mostly wooden and stone structure, architectural hardware in the past few thousand years, the development of very slow. 19th century, with the universal use of metal materials and the needs of social life, architectural hardware to the rapid development of the emergence of a number of production of steel nails, hinges, pins, window hooks, spigot valves, wire braided window screen and other small factories or workshops. Later on, they gradually adopted mechanical processing equipment to replace handmade, forming many specialized enterprises. With the continuous improvement of the standards of various building facilities, the modern architectural hardware products have developed from single varieties to series, and the requirements for their aesthetic and decorative effects have become higher and higher. The production process of architectural hardware products has also made great progress. Most of the products have been developed into semi-automatic or full-automatic mechanical production line by the original semi-manual and semi-mechanical operation. Architectural hardware in the material has been by the traditional copper alloy, mild steel, etc., expanded to zinc alloy, aluminum alloy, stainless steel, plastic, glass fiber reinforced plastic and a variety of composite materials.
There are many varieties of architectural hardware. Generally can be divided into five categories according to the use of door and window hardware, plumbing hardware, decorative hardware, wire mesh hardware and kitchen equipment.
Door and window hardware installed in the building doors and windows of various metal and non-metallic accessories collectively. According to the use of architectural door locks, handles, braces, hinges, door closers, handles, pins, window hooks, anti-theft chain, induction door device, and so on.
Plumbing hardware building water supply and drainage system, heating system and bathroom hardware. Usually includes spigots, showers, waterfalls, commode fittings, lavatory fittings, jets massage bathtub fittings, valves, pipe connectors and other hardware in the bathroom.
Decorative hardware inside and outside the building is mainly used to play a decorative role in the ornaments and products of the collective term. They are often both the use and protection functions. The main combination of metal ceiling, lightweight living partitions, metal decorative panels.
Silk nail net hardware products made of carbon steel or non-ferrous metals, a variety of silk, nails, nets and mesh products collectively. Widely used in construction projects such as building.
Silk from carbon steel or non-ferrous metal cold-drawn, rolled from a variety of coarse and fine specifications. Mainly divided into galvanized iron wire, stainless steel wire and special metal wire. ① galvanized iron wire: also known as galvanized low carbon steel wire, cold drawn steel wire is coated with zinc layer on the surface and made, widely used in tying rows, tying fences, repair sheds, weaving nets, weaving sieve, hoops and barbed wire, flood control, construction, bridge repair and drilling construction works, as well as telegraphs, telephones, cable broadcasting and other overhead communication lines. The use of two strands of galvanized iron wire twisted with each other and equipped with spikes galvanized barbed wire (Figure 1), dedicated to the military restricted area or important factories, warehouses around the erection of defensive facilities. ② stainless steel wire: excellent mechanical properties, high temperature resistance, good corrosion resistance, widely used in weaving a variety of silk, used in a variety of instruments and meters, household appliances, medical and health appliances, chemical and food machinery. ③ Special metal wires: common products are steel core wire, nickel-plated steel wire, Dumex wire, round copper wire, etc., which are widely used in the electric light industry. Architectural Hardware
Nails made of mild steel wire or copper, aluminum wire punching. Used to connect wood and other fibrous products. Nail by the nail head, nail rod and nail tip 3 parts. According to the use can be divided into construction nails, shoe nails and special nails 3 categories. ① construction nails: round steel nails, linoleum nails, riding nails, corrugated nails, corrugated screws and flat head round copper nails (Figure 2). Mainly used in the construction of houses, can also be used for nailing wooden boxes, furniture, wooden bridges, farm equipment and so on. ② shoe nails: products have ordinary shoe nails (autumn leather nails), sesame nails, fishtail nails, leather shoes with round steel nails, etc., mainly used for nailing cloth shoes, leather shoes, etc., but also increasingly used in buildings. ③Specialized nails: the products are round steel nails for assembling, cement steel nails and grinding tire nails. Architectural Hardware
Net by the metal wire or non-metal wire woven, or punched from sheet metal. Mainly window screen, metal plate mesh and hot-dip galvanized iron wire mesh. ① window screen: with metal wire or non-metal wire woven a silk fabric. Installation in general indoor doors and windows, food cabinet doors and food containers on the cover to prevent flies, mosquitoes and other flying insects. Window screen with metal wire is generally low carbon steel wire, aluminum wire, magnesium wire, copper wire and stainless steel wire, the non-metallic wire used in plastic, paper, twine, etc.. The surface of the metal wire window screen green paint, galvanized or plastic-lined; non-metallic wire window screen, some dyed, some with the color. ② metal plate mesh: a kind of metal sheet with mesh holes. There are varieties of steel plate mesh and aluminum plate mesh. Steel plate mesh using low carbon steel annealed sheet or cold rolled sheet punching, mesh holes are diamond-shaped. According to the length of the net surface and divided into large and small net. Large mesh mesh surface coated with iron-red anti-rust paint, generally used for machines as a protective cover, or used for glass sheds, windows as a protective layer, or used in factories, warehouses, substations and other places as a wall of isolation and ventilation. Small mesh is not painted, generally used for building walls, columns, ceilings, etc., so that the cement, lime attached to it is not easy to fall off, and play the role of reinforcing steel. Thick steel plate mesh can also play a load-bearing and non-slip role, mostly used as docks, ships, engine room walkway escalator footrest. Aluminum mesh is made of thin aluminum plate, with diamond or herringbone-shaped holes, and the surface is electrochemically dyed into various colors. It is characterized by light weight, beautiful appearance and durability. Mainly used for instruments, meters, household appliances, industrial machinery and equipment, for ventilation, protection and filtration as well as decorative purposes. Hot-dip galvanized iron wire mesh: It is made of high quality galvanized iron wire. It has certain anti-corrosion and anti-oxidation properties. According to the shape of the woven mesh, it can be divided into square mesh and hexagonal mesh. Widely used in a variety of places that need to be surrounded by a large square mesh woven wire mesh is also widely used in cement hulls.
Kitchen equipment is the equipment and machinery for kitchen operation. Mainly including washstand, operating table, vegetable cutter, stove, cooker, oven, kitchen cabinet, storage and exhaust hood. They are partly built and delivered together with the house as a fixed supporting appliance for the kitchen; the other part is configured by the house users themselves according to their needs (see Daily Hardware).
Hardware knowledge: what are the floor drains?
Floor drain, is an important interface connecting the drainage pipe system and the indoor ground, as an important part of the drainage system in the residence, its performance directly affects the quality of indoor air, odor control in the bathroom is very important. Floor drain is an essential part of home decoration, what are the floor drains? The following small introduction.
Hardware knowledge: what are the floor drains?
What are the floor drains? According to anti-odor way floor drain is mainly divided into three kinds: water anti-odor floor drain, sealing anti-odor floor drain and three anti-floor drain.
Water anti-odor floor drain is our most traditional and most common. It mainly uses the water tightness to prevent the odor from spreading, and the storage bay is the key in the construction of the floor drain. Such a floor drain should try to choose a deeper water storage bay, not just to look pretty. According to the relevant standards, the body of the new floor drain should ensure that the height of the water seal is 5cm, and there is a certain ability to keep the water seal does not dry to prevent the flood of odor.
Now there are some ultra-thin floor drains on the market, very beautiful, but the anti-odor effect is not very obvious, if your bathroom space is not a bright room, then it is best to choose some traditional. Sealed anti-odor floor drain refers to the floating cover with a top cover to seal the floor drain body to prevent odor. The advantage of this floor drain is the appearance of modern and avant-garde, while the disadvantage is the use of each time you have to bend over to lift the lid, more trouble.
But recently appeared on the market an improved sealing floor drain, in the upper cover is equipped with a spring, use your foot on the upper cover, the upper cover will pop up, do not need to step back, relatively convenient. The three anti-floor drain is by far the most advanced anti-odor floor drain. It is installed in the drain body at the lower end of the drain pipe a small floating ball, daily use of water pressure in the sewer pipe and air pressure will be small ball top, so that it and the floor drain mouth completely closed, so as to play the role of anti-odor, anti-insects, anti-overflow.