A history of humiliation
1, the first opium war
1840, the British government to Lin Zexu Humen smoke and other excuses, decided to send an expeditionary force to invade China. in June, the British ships 47, the army of 4,000 people in the Navy Rear Admiral YiLu, the Chinese commercial supervisor YiLu, led by the blockade of the Haikou, the opium wars began.
The Opium War ended with China's defeat and indemnity. China and Britain signed the Treaty of Nanjing, the first unequal treaty in Chinese history. China began to plunder land, compensate and negotiate foreign tariffs, seriously jeopardizing China's sovereignty, and began to become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, losing its independence and promoting the disintegration of the natural economy.
2, the Eight-Power Allied War of aggression against China
May 28, 1900, the war of armed aggression included eight major powers, including the British Empire, the United States of America, the French Third **** and the State, the German Empire, the Russian Empire, the Empire of Japan, the Kingdom of Italy and Austria-Hungary.
The total number of UN forces that invaded China was about 50,000 men. Fully equipped and very powerful. On August 14, 1900, Beijing was completely destroyed. Anywhere the Eight-Power Allied Forces were, murder, arson and looting! Countless treasures were stolen and looted from the Forbidden City, Zhongnanhai and the Summer Palace!
Wade West, commander-in-chief of the Eight-Nation Allied Forces, later admitted that the details of all the losses and looting suffered by China would never be discovered, but the figure would be extremely important. On September 7, 1901, China became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society as a result of the signing of the "Treaty of Xinchou", which brought unprecedented suffering to the country and its people.
3. Treaty of Aigun
The Treaty of Aigun, also known as the Peace Treaty of Aigun City, was an unequal treaty signed by Nikolai Nikolayevich Muravyov, the governor of East Siberia of the Russian Empire, and Yishan Yishan, a general of the Heilong River of the Qing Dynasty, on May 28, 1858, in Aigun (present-day Aihui District of Heihe City, Heilongjiang Province).
The treaty cost China about 600,000 square kilometers of territory north of the Heilongjiang River and south of the Waihingan Mountains. The Chinese government refused to ratify the treaty, and it was only when the Treaty of Beijing was concluded in 1860 that the Qing government recognized it.
4. Burning of the Yuanmingyuan
After the British and French forces captured Beijing in the Xianfeng decade, they occupied the Yuanmingyuan. Chinese defenders were outnumbered, the Yuanmingyuan Minister Wen Feng threw himself into the Fuhai, living in the garden of concubines died of shock. Erskine, the leader of the British army, with the support of British Prime Minister Palmerston, ordered the Yuanmingyuan to be burned.
3500 British and French troops rushed into the Yuanmingyuan, arson Yuanmingyuan, the fire was not extinguished for three days, the Yuanmingyuan and the nearby Qingyiyuan, Jingmingyuan, Jingyiyuan, Changchunyuan and the town of Haidian were burned to the ground, Anyou Palace, nearly 300 eunuchs, palace maids, craftsmen were buried in flames. So that the world-famous garden into a ruin. The fire burned for three days and three nights, becoming a rare atrocity in the history of world civilization.
5, the Treaty of Shimonoseki
The Treaty of Shimonoseki is an unequal treaty signed between the Qing government of China and the Meiji government of Japan on April 17, 1895, in Shimonoseki (now Shimonoseki City, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan), the original name of the Treaty of Shimonoseki New Treaty, known as the Treaty of Shimonoseki in Japan, or Japan and the Qing Lecture and Treaty. The signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki marked the end of the Sino-Japanese War.
The Treaty of Shimonoseki enabled Japan to gain great benefits and stimulated its aggressive ambitions; it made China's national crisis unprecedentedly serious and the degree of semi-colonization greatly deepened. The treaty adapted to the needs of the imperialist powers to export capital to China, and subsequently the powers set off a frenzy to partition China.
II. Achievements
1. Extremely Rich Literary Works, More Freedom of Creation
The changes, achievements, and experience gained in the literature of New China were exceptionally rich and extremely significant. In reflecting the life of the times, literature has become more diversified and rich in means; the Party and the government have also gained valuable experience in leading the cause of literature and art, making the "two for" and the "two hundred" the basic policy and method and sticking to them, and literature is increasingly moving towards a benign interaction.
2, Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge inaugurated a revolutionary initiative
A revolutionary initiative in China in 2018 was the inauguration of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB), an engineering project that adheres to the concept of sustainable development and links Hong Kong, Macao, and Zhuhai, greatly shortening the travel time to and from the three places, according to a report by the LATAM news agency.
One bridge connects three places. With a total length of 55 kilometers, the HZMB took 14 years from design to completion, and is the longest cross-sea bridge in the world, integrating bridge, island and tunnel.
3, from the "sea of death" to the "land of hope" China's "green miracle" stunned the world
Kubqi Desert is located in Inner Mongolia Ordos Plateau, north of the ridge line of the Yellow River. The Kubuqi Desert is located north of the Ordos Plateau in Inner Mongolia, on the south bank of the Yellow River in the "several" bend. The South African news website "Independent Online" once described the Kubuqi Desert before the governance in this way: "China's seventh largest desert, Kubuqi, was once known as the 'Sea of Death' because of its harsh environmental conditions and the penniless economic situation of the local residents. '."
Today, after decades of scientific management, this "sea of death" has been transformed into a "land of hope". Kubuqi has become a model for the global fight against desertification and a window for the world to observe the "beautiful China".
4, Fuxing
English code name for CR, train level higher than the CRH series. The three levels are CR400/300/200, and the numbers indicate the maximum speed, while the sustained speed corresponds to 350, 250 and 160 respectively. the two early models are the Red Dragon CR400AF and the Golden Phoenix CR400BF. the Fuxing CR400 series is the upper gear speed of 400 kilometers per hour, the standard speed of 350 kilometers per hour.
The total energy consumption of the Fuxing at 350 kilometers per hour has dropped by 10 percent compared to the Harmony CRH380. The energy consumption of the Fuxing increases by roughly 20-30 percent when it increases from 300 to 350 kilometers per hour.
From July 1, 2018, the national railroad will implement a new train operation chart, 16 long formation group "Fuxing" train sets for the first time into operation.August 1, Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Railway running on the train set trains have all been replaced by "Fuxing". "The first time I've ever seen one of them, it's been a long time since I've seen one.
On December 9, 2018, the "Fuxing" China standard train set project won the fifth China Industry Award.On December 24, 2018, the 350 km/h 17-vehicle long formation group, the 250 km/h 8-vehicle formation group, the 160 km/h power centralized and other sections of the "Fuxing" new types of train sets made their first public appearance.
5, Chang'e 4 detector
It consists of a lander and a rover, and the rover is named "Jade Rabbit 2". As the world's first spacecraft to soft-land on the back of the moon and rove for exploration, its main task is to land on the surface of the moon, continue deeper and more comprehensive scientific exploration of the moon's geology, resources and other information, and improve the moon's archives.
On May 21, 2018, the Chang'e-4 relay star "Magpie Bridge" was successfully launched, providing earth-moon relay communication support for the lander and lunar rover of Chang'e-4. On December 8, 2018, the Chang'e-4 probe was successfully launched by the Long March 3B carrier rocket at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center.
On January 3, 2019, Chang'e-4 successfully landed in the pre-selected landing zone of the Von Karmen impact crater in the Antarctic-Aitken Basin on the back of the moon, and the lunar rover Jade Rabbit No. 2 arrived at the lunar surface to start roving exploration.On January 11, 2019, the Chang'e-4 lander and the Jade Rabbit No. 2 rover completed the mutual photography of the two vehicles, marking the achievement of the project's established goals. Achieved the established objectives of the project, marking a complete success of the Chang'e-4 mission.
On February 11, 2019, the Chang'e-4 lander and the Jade Rabbit No. 2 lunar rover entered the dormant mode on the second lunar night.
XINHUA - These Chinese achievements shine around the world, triggering a high level of attention from foreign media!
Baidu Encyclopedia - First Opium War
Baidu Encyclopedia - War of Eight Allied Forces Against China
Xinhua.com - Motherland Culture 60 Years of Achievement