What types of power supplies are there?

Classification: the following four categories: \x0d\ AC regulated power supply \x0d\ DC regulated power supply \x0d\ Inverter regulated power supply \x0d\ Switching regulated power supply \x0d\\\x0d\ AC regulated power supply \x0d\\x0d\ also known as the AC voltage regulator. With the development of electronic technology, especially the application of electronic computer technology to various industrial and scientific research fields, a variety of electronic equipment require stable AC power supply, direct power supply from the grid has not been able to meet the needs of the emergence of AC voltage stabilized power supply to solve this problem. Commonly used AC voltage regulator power supply: \x0d\ ① ferromagnetic resonant AC voltage regulator. Composed of saturated choke and the corresponding capacitor, with constant voltage volt-ampere characteristics. \x0d\ \ ② Magnetic amplifier type AC voltage regulator. The magnetic amplifier and autotransformer are connected in series, using electronic circuits to change the impedance of the magnetic amplifier to stabilize the output voltage. \x0d\ ③Sliding type AC voltage regulator. Stabilizes the output voltage by changing the position of the sliding contacts of the transformer. \x0d\ \ ④ Inductive AC voltage regulator. Stabilizes the output AC voltage by changing the phase difference between the secondary and primary voltages of the transformer. \x0d\ ⑤ Thyristor AC voltage regulator. Thyristor is used as the power regulating element. High stability, fast response and no noise. However, it causes interference to communication equipment and electronic equipment. 3 new types of AC voltage stabilizers appeared after the 1980s: compensated AC voltage stabilizers. Numerical control type and stepping type AC voltage regulator. Purification type AC voltage regulator. With good isolation, it can eliminate the spike interference from the power grid. \x0d\ CNC regulated power supply: it is through the observation area in the output of the equipment sampling, the present voltage with the rated voltage to make a comparison, check, such as the comparison of the negative value, then send the data to the central processing unit (CPU), the central processor to make the command of the voltage plus. At the same time, the detection area detects whether the semiconductor has been turned on and off. After confirming that there is no error, the central processor makes a voltage plus command to control the semiconductor to work so as to reach the standard of rated voltage. If it is positive, the central processor makes a voltage decrease command, and it takes only 0.048 seconds to digitize the entire process. \x0d\ This device stabilizes the instantaneous and repeated voltage changes through a digital control loop to ensure that the output voltage is always the rated voltage. \x0d\ Adopting the digital control principle to monitor the voltage changes, the digital power regulator (DIGITAL TAPCHANGING METHOD) that always maintains a stable output voltage by adjusting the transformer's TAP through electronic thyristor switches \x0d\\\x0d\ DC VOLTAGE STABILIZER \x0d\ is also known as DC VOLTAGE STABILIZER. Its supply voltage is mostly AC voltage, and the direct output voltage of the regulator can be stabilized when the voltage of the AC supply voltage or the output load resistance changes. The parameters of the voltage regulator are voltage stability, ripple factor and response speed. The former indicates the effect of changes in the input voltage on the output voltage. The ripple coefficient indicates the size of the AC component of the output voltage under rated operating conditions; the latter indicates the time required for the voltage to return to normal when the input voltage or load changes drastically. DC regulated power supply is divided into two categories: continuous conductive and switching. The former by the industrial frequency transformer to single-phase or three-phase AC voltage to the appropriate value, and then rectified, filtered, to obtain unstable DC power supply, and then by the regulator circuit to get a stable voltage (or current). This power line is simple, small ripple, small mutual interference, but the volume is large, more supplies, low efficiency (often less than 40% to 60%). The latter to change the adjustment element (or switch) on-off time ratio to regulate the output voltage, so as to achieve voltage regulation. This type of power supply power consumption, efficiency up to 85% or so, but the disadvantage is that the ripple is large, mutual interference. Therefore, the rapid development since the 80s. From the mode of operation can be divided into:\x0d\ ① Controlled rectifier type. Adjust the output voltage by changing the conduction time of the thyristor. \x0d\ \ ② Chopper type. The input is unstable DC voltage, to change the on-off ratio of the switching circuit to get unidirectional pulsating DC, and then filtered to get stable DC voltage. \x0d\ ③Converter type. Unstable DC voltage is first converted into high-frequency alternating current by the inverter, and then by the transformer, rectifier, filtering, sampling from the resulting new DC output voltage, feedback control of the inverter operating frequency, to achieve the purpose of stabilizing the output DC voltage. \x0d\ Electrical Appliances Usage\x0d\ AC voltage stabilized power supply is applied to the voltage stabilization and protection of modern high-tech products such as computers and their peripheral devices, medical electronic instruments, communication and broadcasting equipment, industrial electronic equipment, automatic production lines and so on. [3] DC regulated power supply is widely used in national defense, scientific research, universities and colleges, laboratories, industrial and mining enterprises, electrolysis, electroplating, charging equipment and other DC power supply. \x0d\ (1) can be used for a variety of electronic equipment aging, such as PCB board aging, home appliances aging, all kinds of IT products aging, CCFL aging, lamp aging \x0d\ (2) for the need to automatically timed power on and off, automatically remember the number of cycles of the electronic components of the aging, testing \x0d\ (3) Electrolytic capacitors pulse aging \x0d\ (4) Resistors, relays, motors, etc. testing Seasoning\x0d\ (5) the whole machine seasoning; electronic components performance testing, routine test\x0d\ inverter regulated power supply\x0d\ so-called inverter regulated power supply is also called inverter power supply, this inverter power supply adopts the 16-bit Motorola processor control, high-frequency PWM design, the original imported Mitsubishi 1GBT drive. Efficiency of more than 85%. Fast response, for 100% de-loading/loading, the response time of voltage stabilization is within 2ms. The frequency conversion power supply overload capacity, instantaneous current can withstand 300% of the rated current. Pure waveform, high and stable frequency, no interference magnetic wave (EMI, EMC). Inverter power supply is not only the best power supply for R&D and laboratory, metrology room, but also the standard power supply for EM/EMC/safety test. \x0d\ ◇This inverter power supply is characterized by strong load adaptability, high efficiency, good stability, good quality of output waveform, easy operation, small size and light weight. The inverter power supply can simulate the voltage and frequency (47-63Hz) of different power supply types around the world for testing applications; the medium frequency power supply specially designed in accordance with the national military standard can also support the 400Hz frequency of national defense and military reconnaissance, avionics, marine and communication application equipment. \x0d\ ◇This inverter power supply can be used normally for a long time regardless of pure resistive, capacitive, inductive or non-linear loads. Three-phase can be used in single-phase. Voltage and frequency can be adjusted with load. Some of these models can be set up with power-on password, which is convenient for safe use in the production workshop. \x0d\\\x0d\\ switching regulated power supply \x0d\\x0d\ Fig. 1 draws the schematic and equivalent block diagram of the switching regulated power supply, which is composed of a full-wave rectifier, switching tube V, excitation signals, a renewing diode Vp, an energy-storage inductor, and a filtering capacitor C. In fact, the core part of the switching regulator power supply is a DC transformer. \x0d\ Inverter, which is a device that converts DC to AC. Inverters are usually widely used in standby power supplies that employ levels or batteries. \x0d\ DC converter, which is a device that converts DC to AC and then AC to DC. This device is widely used in switching regulated power supplies. A DC converter can be used to convert one DC supply voltage into a variety of DC supply voltages with different polarities and values. \x0d\ Advantages \x0d\ [1]. Low power consumption and high efficiency. In the switching regulated power supply circuit in Fig. 1, transistor V is excited by the excitation signal, it alternately works in the switching state of on-off and off-on-off, and the conversion speed is very fast, the frequency is generally about 50kHz, and in some technologically advanced countries, it can be done at several hundred or nearly 1,000kHz. this makes the switching transistor V to consume very little power, and the efficiency of the power supply can be greatly improved, and its efficiency can reach 80%. \x0d\ [2]. Small size and light weight. From the schematic block diagram of the switching regulator power supply it is clear that no bulky industrial transformer is used here. Since the power dissipated on the regulator tube V is substantially reduced, a larger heat sink is again eliminated. Because of these two reasons, the switching regulator power supply is small and lightweight. \x0d\ [3]. Wide voltage stabilization range. The output voltage from the switching regulated power supply is regulated by the duty cycle of the excitation signal, and the change of the input signal voltage can be compensated by frequency adjustment or widening, so that it can still ensure a more stable output voltage when the industrial frequency grid voltage varies greatly. Therefore, the voltage stabilization range of switching power supply is very wide and the voltage stabilization effect is very good. In addition, there are two methods to change the duty cycle: pulse width modulation type and frequency modulation type. In this way, the switching regulated power supply not only has the advantage of a wide range of voltage regulation, but also more methods to realize voltage regulation, designers can flexibly choose various types of switching regulated power supply according to the requirements of practical applications. \x0d\ [4]. The efficiency of filtering is greatly improved, so that the capacity and volume of the filter capacitor is greatly reduced. Switching regulated power supply operating frequency is now basically working at 50kHz, is a linear regulated power supply 1000 times, which makes the rectified filtering efficiency almost also increased by 1000 times. Is the use of half-wave rectification with capacitor filtering, the efficiency is also increased by 500b times. In the same ripple output voltage, the use of switching regulated power supply, the capacity of the filter capacitor is only linear regulated power supply filter capacitor 1/500-1/1000. \x0d\ [5]. Circuit forms are flexible. For example, there are self-excited and other-excited types, width-modulated and frequency-modulated types, single-ended and double-ended types, etc. The designer can utilize the strengths of various types of circuits to design switching regulated power supplies that can meet different applications. \x0d\ Disadvantages \x0d\ The disadvantage of switching regulated power supply is the existence of more serious switching interference. Switching regulated power supply, power adjustment switching transistor V work in the state, it produces AC voltage and current through the circuit of other components to produce spike interference and resonance interference, these interferences if you do not take certain measures to inhibit, eliminate and shielding, will seriously affect the normal operation of the whole machine. In addition due to the switching regulated power supply oscillator does not have the isolation of the industrial frequency transformer, these interferences will be strung into the industrial frequency power grid, so that other electronic instruments, equipment and household appliances in the vicinity of the serious interference. \x0d\ At present, due to the domestic microelectronics technology, capacitive resistance device production technology and magnetic material technology and some technologically advanced countries there is still a certain gap, and thus the cost can not be further reduced, but also affects the reliability of the further improvement. So in China's electronic instruments and electromechanical integration instruments, switching regulator power supply can not be very widely popularized and used. Especially for no frequency transformer switching regulated power supply in the high-voltage electrolytic capacitors, high-voltage switching tubes, switching transformer core materials and other devices, in China is still in the research and development stage. In some technologically advanced countries, switching regulated power supply although there is a certain degree of development, but in practical applications there are still some problems, not very satisfactory. This exposes another disadvantage of switching regulated power supply, that is, the circuit structure is complex, high failure rate, maintenance trouble. In this regard, if the designers and manufacturers do not pay full attention, it will directly affect the popularization and application of switching regulated power supply. Today, the main reason why it is difficult to promote the use of switching regulated power supply is that it is difficult to produce technology, maintenance trouble and high cost.