Quoting
Brain Map of Wenchuan Earthquake
Preface:
The sadness brought by the Wenchuan Earthquake three days ago is still hanging over everyone's heart, and the horrible quake has taken away 14,866 innocent lives. Let's pray for those survivors.
Text:
Three days after the earthquake, it has killed 14,866 people, including 14,463 in Sichuan, 280 in Gansu, 106 in Shaanxi, 14 in Chongqing, two in Henan and one in Yunnan. There are still more survivors in the rubble waiting to be rescued.
The 7.8-magnitude quake has caused so much damage that people have to face up to the dreaded devil of "earthquake" once again. Thinking about earthquakes, most people may be full of fear, let's calm down to rational thinking to deal with it, only in this way to better protect themselves in the event of an earthquake. Here do this article to introduce the knowledge of the earthquake.
A: causes of earthquakes
Tectonic earthquakes is the role of tectonic movement, the local stress reaches and exceeds the strength limit of the rock layer, the rock layer will suddenly produce deformation, and even rupture, the energy will be released all of a sudden, caused by the earth tremor, this type of earthquake is known as tectonic earthquakes, accounting for more than 90% of the total number of earthquakes.
Volcanic earthquakes are earthquakes that occur after a volcanic eruption due to the loss of a large amount of magma, a reduction in the underground pressure or deep underground magma can not be replenished in time, the emergence of a cavity, causing the fracture or collapse of the overlying rock layers and produce earthquakes. The number of such earthquakes is small, accounting for only about 7% of the total number of earthquakes.
Trapped earthquakes are localized earthquakes caused by underground cavities or the subsidence of mining areas. Trapped earthquakes are the result of gravity, small in scale and even fewer in number, accounting for only about 3% of the total number of earthquakes.
Artificial earthquakes and induced earthquakes are earthquakes caused by artificial blasting, mining, military construction and underground nuclear testing. Due to human production activities triggered by certain fault activity, caused by the earthquake is called induced earthquake, mainly reservoir earthquakes, deep well pumping and water injection induced earthquakes, nuclear testing triggered earthquakes, mining activities, irrigation, etc. can also be induced earthquakes. China's Guangdong Xinfengjiang Reservoir since October 1959 since the completion of water storage, as of 1987, has recorded 337 earthquakes, including a magnitude 6.1 earthquake in 1962, so that the concrete dam to produce 82-meter-long cracks.
Two: The range of seismic activity in China, and earthquakes over the years.
China is located in the world's two major seismic zones - the Pacific Rim seismic zone and the Eurasian seismic zone between the Pacific Plate, the Indian Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate extrusion, seismic fracture zones are very developed. since the 20th century, China **** occurred more than 6 magnitude earthquakes nearly 800 times, all over the except for Guizhou, Zhejiang provinces and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.
China's seismic activity is characterized by high frequency, high intensity, shallow epicenters, and wide distribution, making it a country with severe earthquake damage.Since 1900, as many as 550,000 people have died in earthquakes in China, accounting for 53% of the global death toll from earthquakes; more than 100 destructive earthquakes have struck 22 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) since 1949, involving 14 provinces in the eastern region, causing More than 270,000 people lost their lives, accounting for 54% of the death toll from all types of disasters in the country, and the earthquake-damaged area amounted to more than 300,000 square kilometers, with 7 million houses collapsed. The severity of earthquakes and other natural disasters constitutes one of China's basic national conditions.
China's seismic activity is mainly distributed in five regions on 23 seismic zones. These five regions are: ① Taiwan Province and its neighboring waters; ② Southwest China, mainly Tibet, western Sichuan and west-central Yunnan; ③ Northwest China, mainly in the Hexi Corridor of Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, and the northern and southern foothills of the Tianshan Mountains; ④ North China, mainly in the two sides of the Taihang Mountains, the Fenwei Valley, the area around the Yinshan-Yanshan Mountains, the central part of Shandong Province, and Bohai Bay; and ⑤ the southeast coast of Guangdong, Fujian and other places. China's Taiwan Province is located on the Pacific Rim Seismic Belt, Tibet, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Sichuan, Qinghai and other provinces and regions are located on the Himalayan-Mediterranean Seismic Belt, and other provinces and regions are in related seismic belts. The distribution of China's seismic belts is an important basis for the development of China's key seismic surveillance and defense zones.
Hebei Xingtai Earthquake
From March 8 to 29, 1966, a number of earthquakes of magnitude 6 and 7 occurred consecutively. The first earthquake occurred east of Longyao County in the Xingtai area, with a magnitude of 6.8, and since then, there have been five more magnitude 6 earthquakes, the largest being a magnitude 7.2 earthquake that occurred southeast of Ningjin County on the 22nd. Due to the loose soil, high water table, ancient river channels and other factors in the affected areas, the earthquakes caused serious damage and loss, and the scope of damage was large. 142 counties and cities were affected by the 6.8 magnitude earthquake, and the damage caused by the 7.2 magnitude earthquake included 136 counties and cities. The felt range was as far north as Duolun in Inner Mongolia, as far east as Yantai, as far south as Nanjing, and as far west as Tongchuan and other vast areas. The earthquake *** caused 8,182 deaths, 51,395 injuries, destroyed more than 4 million houses and damaged 86 bridges. Accidental fires occurred in the disaster area*** in 115 cases, killing 16 people, injuring 26, and destroying 153 improvised houses. More than 300 landslides occurred in the mountainous areas of western Xingtai and the areas around Jingfu and Wuan, and 22 fires were caused by landslide flying rocks, burning 80 hectares of mountains. Ground cracks, sand and water bubbles were common, extending intermittently from dozens of meters to several kilometers. The widest crack in the ground was 2 meters. Rising or overflowing well water was common. Several bridges over the Busan River were severely damaged. The bridge deck of the Aixinzhuang Bridge moved to the south, and the abutments were staggered by 1.8 meters, resulting in the disruption of traffic. The earthquake affected a wide area. Generators in Tianjin and Taku County dropped out, causing brief power outages. The level of damage was also high west of Shijiazhuang and in Xiyang, Shanxi. The State Council attached great importance to the Xingtai earthquake and ordered the local garrison to rush to the disaster area to carry out rescue work. All parts of the country vigorously supported the disaster area, sending medical teams and supporting large quantities of food and relief supplies. Premier Zhou Enlai braved the danger of the earthquake to visit Longyao County in the quake zone on March 9 to listen to the report on the disaster and the relief situation, and to offer condolences to the people in the quake zone. The number of medical teams stationed in the disaster area after the earthquake reached 94, with 7,115 medical personnel.
Yunnan Daguan Earthquake
On May 11, 1974, a 7.1-magnitude earthquake struck Daguan. A strong tremor was felt in most parts of the Sichuan Basin. The felt area was about 400,000 square kilometers. The earthquake caused 1,423 deaths and more than 1,600 injuries; more than 66,000 houses were damaged, of which more than 28,000 collapsed, and the area of the housing damage zone was about 2,300 square kilometers. There was no damage to the wooden frames of the wooden houses in the extreme earthquake area, but most of the earth and stone walls collapsed, and most of the earth-beamed houses and stone-beamed houses made of burrstone collapsed or fell flat. The earthquake also caused landslides and cracks in the ground, destroying roads, farmland, water channels, and burying village houses. The leading edge of the largest landslide reached the other side of the creek, forming a dike about 30 meters high and blocking the water into a lake.
Liaoning Haicheng Earthquake
On February 4, 1975, a magnitude 7.3 earthquake struck Haicheng. The area of the extreme earthquake zone was 760 square kilometers. The earthquake occurred in a densely populated and industrially developed area and was the largest earthquake ever recorded in the region. As a result of the prediction of this earthquake by our seismic authorities and the timely adoption of strong anti-earthquake measures by the local government, the earthquake disaster was greatly mitigated, and most people evacuated their houses during the earthquake and casualties were greatly reduced, with the exception of house buildings and other engineered structures, which suffered varying degrees of damage and loss. The total number of casualties was 29,579, accounting for 0.32% of the total population, of which 2,041 died, accounting for 0.02% of the total population. Most of the casualties were the old, the weak, the sick, the handicapped, children and those who did not listen to the instructions to support the 5 wine containers and wrens Fischa Fischa Chin ants Kang Gu? Happinjai?00 million square meters, public **** facilities were damaged 1.65 million square meters, rural housing destroyed 17.4 million square meters, urban and rural transportation, water conservancy facilities destroyed 2,937, all kinds of equipment and materials also suffered serious losses, totaling about 810 million yuan. The ground sandblast holes were as large as 2.5 meters in diameter. There was an earthquake rupture, about 5.5 kilometers long, the crack bandwidth of up to 40 meters. The damaged area in Yingkou accounted for 53.1% of the city's total area. After the earthquake, timely relief work was carried out. The PLA deployed more than 35,000 people, 1,173 vehicles and 12 airplanes to participate in the relief efforts. The number of medical teams sent into the disaster area reached 101, with 3,480 personnel. The water supply was restored two days after the earthquake; on February 7, power supply was restored to all the affected areas. The victims celebrated the Spring Festival in "three-proof" houses. Transportation and industrial and agricultural production were basically restored one month later. The success of Haicheng's earthquake prediction achieved great social and economic benefits. It is estimated that without the forecast, the casualties would have amounted to about 150,000 people and the economic losses would have exceeded 5 billion yuan.
Yunnan Longling Earthquake
On May 29, 1976, two strong earthquakes struck Longling County in western Yunnan. The first occurred at 20:23:18 with a magnitude of 7.3, and the second at 22:0:23 with a magnitude of 7.4. The earthquakes were swarm-type earthquakes. The aftershock activity was high in magnitude and intensity. Two extreme seismic zones appeared in each earthquake. From May 29 to the end of the year*** 2,477 earthquakes of magnitude 3 or higher were recorded, of which 19 were of magnitude 4.7 and 5.9, and one each of magnitude 6.2, 7.3 and 7.4. The earthquake caused varying degrees of damage to nine counties in Baoshan, Lincang and Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province. Ninety-eight people died, 451 were seriously injured, 1991 were lightly injured, and 420,000 houses collapsed and were damaged. The affected area was about 1,883 square kilometers. Landslides caused by the earthquake also caused more serious losses. Landslides destroyed 180 farmhouses, nearly 3,900 hectares of paddy fields, pastures and forest tea gardens, damaged 1,126 canals, and destroyed one hydroelectric power plant with an installed capacity of 240 kilowatts and three hydroelectric power plants with a capacity of less than 20 kilowatts. Destroyed 185 kilometers of roads, landslides amounted to 780,000 cubic meters. The Longling earthquake went through the process of medium-term and short-range forecasting, and appropriate anti-seismic measures were taken before the earthquake. Shallow collapse landslides were typical of the earthquake.
Tangshan Earthquake in Hebei
On July 28, 1976, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake struck the city of Tangshan. The epicenter of the earthquake was located in the Tangshan city district. It was a rare urban earthquake disaster in Chinese history. In an instant, a city with a population of one million was reduced to rubble, and people's lives and national property suffered heavy losses. The cities of Beijing and Tianjin were severely affected. The quake damaged more than 30,000 square kilometers and was felt in 14 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, equivalent to one-third of the country's area. 80% of the people in the city were buried under the rubble in the middle of the night, too late to react. The extreme earthquake zone included 47 square kilometers north and south of the Jingshan Railway. Almost all the buildings in the zone were destroyed. An 8-kilometer-long, 30-meter-wide crack in the earth cut through walls, houses, roads, and waterways. In and around the earthquake area, there were numerous fissure zones, sand spouts, blowouts, gravity collapses, tumbled rocks, slope failures, landslides, foundation subsidence, karst cave-ins, and collapses in hollowed-out areas. Earthquake **** caused 242,000 deaths, 164,000 people were seriously injured, only the Tangshan city area life-long disability of more than 1,700 people; destroyed 14.79 million square meters of public housing, collapsed 5.3 million residential houses; direct economic losses of up to 5.4 billion yuan. The city's water supply, power supply, communications, transportation and other lifeline projects were all destroyed, all industrial and mining production was halted, and all hospitals and medical facilities were destroyed. Seven passenger and freight cars and tanker trucks traveling during the earthquake were derailed. Two large highway bridges over the Ji-Canal and Luan River collapsed, cutting off highway transportation between Tangshan and Tianjin and Guanwai. The urban water supply pipeline network and water plant buildings, structures and water wells were severely damaged. Ground buildings and structures of Kailuan Coal Mine collapsed or were severely damaged, and underground production was interrupted, with nearly 10,000 workers trapped underground. Tangshan Iron and Steel Company was severely damaged and forced to stop production, with steel and iron condensed and cast in the furnace. The dams of three large reservoirs and two medium-sized reservoirs slipped and cracked, and the wave walls collapsed. 240 out of 410 small reservoirs were damaged by the earthquake. 60,000 wells were silted up and sandy, and the pipes of the wells were wrongly broken, which accounted for 67% of the total number of wells. More than 33,000 hectares of arable land were sand-pressed and 47,000 hectares were flooded by salty water. More than 55,000 agricultural implements were destroyed. It killed 36,000 large livestock and 442,000 pigs. Tangshan City and the nearby hard-hit counties, environmental health deteriorated sharply, intestinal infectious diseases are particularly prominent. After the quake, the Party Central Committee and the State Council quickly established an earthquake relief headquarters. The People's Liberation Army (PLA) and rescue teams and materials from all over the country gathered in Tangshan in a steady stream, launching an unprecedented scale of intense relief work, controlling the situation in a timely manner and reducing casualties. Of the 600,000 people buried in the city, 300,000 were able to save themselves from danger. PLA units mobilized nearly 150,000 people. Tangshan airport took off and landed 390 airplanes a day. More than 3,000 people from the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan power grid formed an electricity repair team. More than 20,000 medical personnel from 13 provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions, the PLA and the railroad system formed nearly 300 medical and epidemic prevention teams. Airlifting seriously injured people to foreign provinces and cities for treatment, *** used 474 airplane flights and 90 helicopter flights; *** drove 159 special health trains. Governments at all levels have promptly solved the problems of drinking water, eating and clothing for the masses. Reconstruction of homes at the end of 1976 to start preparations, began in 1978, 10 years later a thriving new Tangshan appeared in the Chinese land.
Sichuan Songpan-Pingwu earthquake
August 16, 1976, Songpan, Pingwu between the 7.2 magnitude earthquake. The earthquake was of the cluster type, and the main quake was followed by a 6.7-magnitude quake on the 22nd and a 7.2-magnitude quake on the 23rd. The earthquake was felt over a large area, from Gaotai in Gansu in the west to Kunming in the south, from Hohhot in the north to Changsha in the east, with a maximum radius of 1,150 kilometers. The earthquake was followed by torrential rains, which caused landslides, rockfalls, mudslides, etc., resulting in serious damage to farmland, roads, riverbeds, etc., and disruption of communications. More than 100,000 hectares of arable land were destroyed, grain losses amounted to 5 million kilograms, and more than 2,000 heads of livestock died. The earthquake occurred in a sparsely populated mountainous area, coupled with pre-earthquake forecasts and evacuation measures, so the casualties were only 800 people, of whom more than 600 were slightly injured. Most of them were caused by secondary disasters such as mudslides, landslides and rolling stones after the earthquake. Sichuan provincial governments at all levels set up earthquake prevention and disaster relief commands before the quake, requiring all departments to make preparations in all aspects. After the earthquake, the people in Chengdu and nearby areas, due to the influence of the Tangshan earthquake, developed a serious fear of the earthquake, which led to panic, flight, out-migration, and jumping from buildings, and brought impacts on social life. At the same time, the earthquake rumors, people's hearts and minds, intensifying the social instability, resulting in school closures, store closures, factories and mines shut down phenomenon.
Hebei Shangyi Earthquake
At 11:50 a.m. on Jan. 10, 1998, a 6.2-magnitude earthquake struck the area east of Shangyi, causing serious casualties and economic losses, making it the worst earthquake disaster in mainland China that year. The earthquake affected 19 townships in Zhangbei, Shangyi, Wanquan and Kangding counties, with a population of nearly 170,000 in the affected areas. Forty-nine people died in the earthquake and 11,439 were injured, including 362 seriously, accounting for 83.9% of the national total that year. Due to the irrational structure and siting of local residents' houses, the construction quality and seismic performance of the houses were not strong, and some of the houses themselves were already dangerous, so the houses were more seriously damaged, with the area of destruction reaching more than 6,500,000 square meters, of which 1,754,000 square meters were completely destroyed. Direct economic losses from the earthquake amounted to 794 million yuan, or 44.6% of the total for that year. The direct economic losses suffered by the neighboring county of Gao Tienzhen in Datong, Shanxi Province, also amounted to 5.879 million yuan. The government and various parties*** invested 836 million yuan in disaster relief after the quake.
Three: earthquake prediction.
The untimely prediction of this Wenchuan earthquake can't really be blamed on the relevant departments. Earthquake prediction is a big problem all over the world, and even though it's hard to predict, you can judge whether there will be an earthquake based on some natural phenomena. For example, changes in groundwater, sudden rise, fall or change in flavor, muddy, loud, bubbling. Changes in meteorology, such as sudden cold and hot weather, the emergence of a major drought or flood, changes in the electromagnetic field, the abnormal reaction of animals and plants before an earthquake, and so on. According to these responses to conduct a comprehensive study, coupled with professional departments from the earthquake mechanism, earthquake geology, geophysics, geochemistry, biological changes, celestial influence and meteorological anomalies in the use of instrumental observation of data processing and analysis, can be the time of the earthquake, location and magnitude of the forecast. When you see these phenomena on the seismic zone residents should be vigilant, to do to prevent, in order to minimize the loss.
Four: Self-protection in the event of an earthquake.
1. For your own personal safety and that of your family, hide under a table or other sturdy furniture
The shaking time is about 1 minute. The first thing you should do is to take care of yourself and your family. First, take cover under a sturdy table with a low center of gravity, and hold on to the legs of the table. If there is no table to hide under, protect your head with a cushion or something else.
2. Turn off the fire when it shakes, and put out the fire when it breaks out
There are times when you can't rely on a fire truck to put out a fire in a major earthquake. Therefore, this effort by each of us to turn off and extinguish fires is an important factor in minimizing earthquake damage.
Please make it a habit to turn off the fire even in small earthquakes.
It is very important for people in the family, not to mention neighbors, to help each other and put out fires at an early stage in order to prevent fires from becoming a major disaster.
There are three chances to turn off the fire during an earthquake:
The first chance is during the small shaking before the big shaking:
At the moment of sensing the small shaking, you will greet each other instantly: "Earthquake! Turn off the fire!" , turning off heating stoves, gas stoves, etc. that are in use.
Second chance when the big shaking stops:
It is dangerous to turn off the fire when a big shaking occurs, and a kettle placed on top of a gas stove or a heating stove slides down.
After the big shaking stops, call out again, "Turn off the fire! Turn off the fire!" , and go turn off the fire.
Third chance after a fire:
Even in the case of a misfire, it can be put out within 1-2 minutes. To be able to extinguish a fire quickly, always place fire extinguishers and fire buckets close to the place where the fire is being used.
3. Don't run outdoors in a panic
If you run outside in a panic after an earthquake, it is dangerous for broken glass, roof tiles and billboards to fall on you. In addition, prefabricated concrete walls, vending machines, etc. are also in danger of collapsing, so don't get close to these objects.
4. Open doors and secure exits
The shaking of an earthquake can cause doors and windows to become misaligned, making it impossible to open them, and there have been cases where people have been locked in their houses. Please open the door to secure an exit.
On a regular basis, you should think in advance about how to escape in case you are locked in a house, and prepare ladders, ropes, and so on.
5. In outdoor situations, protect your head and avoid dangerous places
When the earth shakes violently and you are unsteady on your feet, people have the mentality of holding on to and grabbing onto something. Most of the doorposts and walls around you will be the object of support. However, these seem to be quite strong and solid things, in fact, is dangerous.
The 1987 Miyagi Prefecture submarine earthquake killed and injured many people when prefabricated concrete walls and doorposts collapsed. Be sure to stay away from prefabricated concrete walls and pillars.
The most dangerous thing to do in a busy street or building area is to be hurt by falling glass windows and billboards. Protect your head with your hands or a handbag.
Additionally, you should also be aware of vending machines tipping over and injuring people.
When you are in a building area, it is safer to go into the building to take shelter, depending on the situation.
6. Follow the instructions of the staff at schools, department stores, and theaters
The worst thing that can happen in a crowded place such as a school, department store, or underground shopping mall is chaos. Please follow the instructions of your teacher, store staff, and security guards.
As far as earthquakes are concerned, underground streets are said to be safer. Even if there is a power outage, the emergency lights will come on immediately, so please act calmly.
If there is a fire, it will immediately fill with smoke. Evacuate in a lowered position and never smoke.
Taking the elevator
Do not use the elevator in the event of an earthquake or fire. In case of an earthquake while riding in an elevator, press all the buttons for each floor on the control panel, and when it stops, get out of the elevator and evacuate as soon as you are sure it is safe.
Elevators in high-rise buildings and recent buildings are equipped with devices to control operation. In the event of an earthquake, they automatically stop at the nearest floor.
If you are locked in an elevator, contact the management office via the special phone in the elevator and ask for help.
7. Pull over to the side of the road; driving is prohibited in controlled areas
When a major earthquake occurs, it is difficult to drive a car because you can't get a grip on the steering wheel as if the tires have been deflated. It is important to take care and avoid intersections and pull over to the side of the road. To avoid blocking the passage of evacuees and emergency vehicles, give way to the center of the road.
Most roads in the center of the city will be closed to traffic. Pay close attention to your car radio and follow the instructions of the police if they are nearby.
If it is necessary to evacuate, keep your car windows closed and your keys in the car, leave the doors unlocked, and stay with the locals in order not to get caught in a fire.
8. Be aware of landslides, rockfalls and tsunamis
If you are on the side of a mountain or in a steeply sloping area where there is a danger of landslides or rockfalls, you should evacuate quickly to a safe place.
At the coast, there is a danger of experiencing a tsunami. If you sense an earthquake or tsunami warning, pay attention to your radio or TV and evacuate to a safe place.
9. Evacuate on foot with a minimum of belongings
Evacuate in the event of a fire caused by an earthquake that spreads and threatens your life or safety. In principle, evacuation is conducted on foot by a citizen's disaster prevention organization, a local community, etc., led by a person in charge, a police officer, etc., with a minimum of belongings. You should never evacuate by car or bicycle.
For evacuation of the sick, etc., cooperation and mutual assistance from local residents is indispensable. As a rule, it is necessary for neighbors to agree in advance on how to evacuate.
10. Don't listen to rumors and don't act rashly
People tend to be psychologically shaken when a major earthquake occurs. To prevent confusion, it is extremely important for everyone to act calmly based on correct information.
Get the right information from the radio you carry. Trust the information you receive directly from the government, the police, the fire department, and other disaster prevention organizations, and do not believe irresponsible gossip or act rashly.
Special emphasis should be placed on school earthquake preparedness: In schools, what is most needed during an earthquake is the calmness and decisiveness of school leaders and teachers. There are medium- and long-term earthquake forecasts of the region, usually combined with teaching activities, to tell students about earthquakes and earthquake prevention and avoidance knowledge. Before the earthquake, arrange the routes and venues for students to move and evacuate; after the earthquake, calmly direct students to evacuate in an orderly manner. In the more solid, safe houses, you can hide under the desks, podiums, students in the building can go to the small openings, there are pipes to support the room, never let the students run around or jump.
Fifth: self-help after the earthquake.
Self-help after the earthquake
Earthquake such as being buried under the rubble, surrounded by darkness, only a very small space, you must not panic, to be calm, to establish the confidence to survive, believe that there will be people to save you, and to do everything possible to protect themselves.
After the earthquake, there are often many aftershocks, the situation may continue to deteriorate, in order to avoid new harm, to try to improve their own environment. At this point, an emergency kit will go a long way toward helping you get out of trouble.
In this extremely unfavorable environment, first of all, to protect the respiratory flow, move away from the head, chest debris, smell gas, poisonous gas, wet clothes and other things to cover the mouth, nose; avoid the body above the collapse of the non-structural objects and other easy to cause the fall of the object; expand and stabilize the survival space, with bricks, sticks, etc. to support the wreckage in case of an aftershock occurs, the environment is further deterioration.
Try to get out of danger. If you can't find a way out of danger, try to save your strength, use stones to knock on objects that can make noise, send out a call for help, don't cry, impatient and blind action, which will consume a lot of energy and physical strength, control your emotions or rest with eyes closed as much as possible, waiting for rescuers to arrive. If you are injured, think of bandaging to avoid excessive bleeding.
Sustaining life. If buried under the rubble for a relatively long time, rescuers have not arrived, or did not hear the call for help signal, we must think of ways to maintain their own lives, water and food in the earthquake bag must be saved, try to find food and drinking water, if necessary, their own urine can also play a role in quenching thirst.
Post-earthquake mutual aid
After the earthquake, the outside world disaster relief teams can not immediately rushed to the scene of the disaster, in this case, in order to make more people buried in the rubble under the people, to get a valuable life, the people of the disaster area actively involved in mutual aid, is to reduce casualties in the most timely and effective way, but also reflects the "save a person in distress", the noble virtues.
Rescue time is timely, the greater the hope of rescue. According to relevant information, 20 minutes after the earthquake was rescued by the survival rate of more than 98%, one hour after the earthquake was rescued by the survival rate fell to 63%, 2 hours after the earthquake can not be rescued in the personnel, asphyxiation deaths accounted for 58% of the number of deaths. They were not smashed to death by the collapse of buildings in the earthquake, but suffocated to death, and if they could be rescued in time, they could have been given life. In the Tangshan earthquake, hundreds of thousands of people were buried in the rubble, and the people in the disaster area were able to regain most of the buried people's lives through self-rescue and mutual rescue. Mutual rescue operations participated by the people in the disaster area played an irreplaceable role in the whole earthquake relief.
Post-earthquake rescue time should be fast
Post-earthquake rescue, and strive to time should be fast, accurate target, appropriate methods, mutual rescue team growing principle. Specific practices are: first save the near, whether it is family, neighbors, or strangers, do not seek far away; first save easy to save people, so that the mutual rescue team can quickly grow; first save the young and strong and medical personnel, so that they can give full play to their role in the disaster relief; first save the "life", and then save the "people! The first to save "life" is to save "people" later. Tangshan earthquake in a rural woman, each save a person, only its head exposed to avoid suffocation, and then go to save another person, in a very short period of time so that dozens of people were saved.
Conclusion:
I hope that this article can increase the general public's awareness of earthquake prevention, once again to those fighting in the earthquake rescue line of officers and soldiers to express their heartfelt respect, and hope that the survivors of a lifetime of peace, Wenchuan tomorrow will be better.