On-the-job employees, if only on-the-job employees are counted, the gap between the two is even greater. Secondly, arrears, deductions and even refusal to pay wages occur from time to time. Because employers often default on workers' wages, many migrant workers are too busy to get their wages all year round. According to a survey released by Xinhua News Agency in 2003, among the migrant workers interviewed, 72.5% said that their wages were owed to varying degrees, and 28.8% of them reported that they never got their wages on time [2].
2. Overwork is widespread, and the right to rest cannot be guaranteed. The right to rest is a right that the Constitution endows workers with. In real life, in order to earn more profits, many enterprises extend the working hours of migrant workers at will, some do not have sundays and holidays, and some enterprises deliberately set a high quota and force workers to work overtime on the pretext of implementing piece-rate wages. A survey of China People's Political Consultative Conference shows that 47% of migrant workers have no rest days, and 46% of migrant workers work 12- 16 hours a day. Although China's "Labor Law" clearly stipulates that "the state practices a working-hour system in which the daily working hours of laborers are not more than 8 hours and the average weekly working hours are not more than 44 hours", "the employing unit shall ensure that laborers have at least a weekly rest 1 day" and "it also stipulates that the employing unit shall arrange for laborers to take vacations on legal holidays such as New Year's Day, Spring Festival and National Day".
However, in real life, the right to rest and vacation enjoyed by migrant workers' brothers according to law cannot be realized to a large extent.
3. Poor working conditions and frequent occupational diseases. At present, some employers focus on immediate interests, in order to reduce production costs, do not pay attention to improving the working environment, and do not distribute necessary labor protection articles to migrant workers, which leads to high incidence of occupational diseases among migrant workers and poisoning caused by exposure to toxic substances at work. Especially in small non-public enterprises located in small towns, many migrant workers are infected with serious occupational diseases in such working environment because of their small scale, serious shortage of capital investment, outdated machinery and equipment, poor ventilation or no ventilation device at all. For example, CCTV's "Legal Report" column has reported many times that foreign-funded enterprises in some cities in the south suffered from the exhaustion of farmers' workshops and collective poisoning because they did not pay attention to labor protection.
4. Lack of social security. For urban workers, once they become unit employees, the unit will pay insurance benefits such as medical care and old-age care in accordance with the provisions of the labor law, while migrant workers who work in cities enjoy almost zero social security. Because they are not urban residents, they cannot enjoy social security such as medical insurance, unemployment insurance, old-age insurance and industrial injury medical insurance that urban residents can enjoy. According to the investigation of relevant departments in Sichuan, only 3.4 1% of migrant workers employed in enterprises above the county level participate in industrial injury insurance, 0.84% in medical insurance, 0.83% in unemployment insurance and 2.99% in endowment insurance [3].