I. SARS refers to a group of pulmonary infections caused by coronaviruses that have occurred in localized areas of China since 2003. It is a respiratory infectious disease mainly transmitted through close air droplets and close contact, and clinically manifested as pneumonia, with significant aggregation in homes and hospitals. In contrast, typical pneumonia is lobar pneumonia or bronchopneumonia caused by common bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Second, the clinical manifestation of atypical pneumonia is different from the past, first of all, the patient has a high fever, dry cough, and there is no general flu symptoms such as runny nose and sore throat, and there is no white or yellow sputum which is common in common colds, and occasionally, the patient has blood in the sputum, and there is a phenomenon of shortness of breath, and the individual patient has a respiratory distress syndrome. In general, patients with fever white blood cells will rise, while the atypical pneumonia patients with normal or falling white blood cells. "After SARS reaches a certain degree, the symptoms will be better distinguished from colds, but in the early stage, sometimes it is still very easy to be confused, and even some of the patients with SARS have symptoms similar to those of colds at the beginning, or they are exactly the same as those of colds, or they are a bit like the flu, with upper respiratory tract infections. Some patients with SARS may have symptoms similar to or identical to those of a cold, or may have symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection, somewhat like the flu. Because the pathogen of SARS does not go to the lungs at once, it has to go through the upper respiratory tract, the trachea, the bronchial tubes to the lungs, and the patients we observe often have a persistent fever that lasts for three to five days, or even a longer period of time, but in the course of the observation, there is a sudden turnaround in their condition. The usual symptoms include a dry cough with little sputum, some with blood in the sputum, and severe respiratory distress. Common cold symptoms, including fever, cough, and headache, can turn around after a few days, and there are usually no signs of pneumonia.
Three, the incubation period is between about two and twelve days, with most people usually having noticeable symptoms in four to five days. Currently recognized means of transmission is through the respiratory tract, mainly through droplet transmission, especially close contact, coughing, sneezing, patient's secretions, body fluids contact infected; now there are some other cases, direct contact with the patient, through the hands, and then rub the nose, eyes, etc., is also a means of transmission.
Four, it is recommended that if you find fever, cough and other symptoms should be early to consult the doctor, because this disease in the process of observation, will be suddenly aggravated, if you can find early, give timely treatment, most of the patients after a few weeks can be discharged from the hospital. In addition, in addition to early diagnosis and treatment, the hospital can take timely isolation measures to avoid infecting family members at home and spreading the disease to others in the community. Also, some people think that if they have a runny nose, then it is definitely not SARS, which is not true. No matter what the pathogen of SARS is, it is invaded through the upper respiratory tract, through the oropharynx, nose and throat, so in the early stage, it may appear similar symptoms of common cold. Suspected of contracting atypical pneumonia should go to the hospital as soon as possible, X-ray test will help diagnose.
Fifth, there is no specific drug or treatment, but after timely supportive treatment and symptomatic treatment, the vast majority of patients can be cured and recovered. At present, the Department of Disease Control of the Ministry of Health organized multi-disciplinary experts to summarize the previous stage of prevention and control work on the basis of the formulation of the "National Technical Program for the Prevention and Control of Atypical Pneumonia". At present, there is no vaccine to prevent atypical pneumonia, and there are no effective medicines and treatments, so the most fundamental way to prevent "SARS" is to strengthen the body and enhance their own immunity.
Sixth, the main can take the following preventive measures:
① Cultivate and maintain good personal hygiene habits, sneezing, coughing and cleaning the nose to wash your hands; wash your hands, use a clean towel and paper towel to dry. Do not **** with a towel.
② Pay attention to a balanced diet, increase or decrease clothing according to climate change, exercise regularly and get enough rest. Reduce stress and avoid smoking, often go outdoors and breathe fresh air to enhance the body's resistance.
③ Indoor ventilation often, promote air circulation, pay attention to the cleanliness of the living environment, and diligent sunshine clothing. (Indoor installation of air-conditioning to maintain the good performance of air-conditioning equipment, and often clean the dust net, to ensure the safety of air supply.)
④ Avoid going to public **** places with poor air circulation and dense population or staying in a closed space for a long time.
⑤ Seek medical attention in case of illness.