What are the main contents and types of judicial expertise?

1. What are the main contents and types of judicial expertise? It includes not only the traditional trace identification, handwriting identification, document authenticity identification and document material identification, but also today's DNA paternity, writing time identification, polygraph detection, product quality inspection, certificate, ticket identification, animal and plant material identification, entry-exit frontier inspection and so on. In judicial practice, specialized problems mainly refer to the problems in the fields of material evidence technology, forensic medicine, judicial psychiatry and other professional disciplines, and the specialized problems involve a very wide range. Generally speaking, the appraisal scope includes criminal material evidence appraisal, personal injury medical appraisal, mental illness medical appraisal, price appraisal of seized goods, cultural relics appraisal, rare and endangered animals and plants and their products appraisal, contraband and dangerous goods appraisal, electronic data appraisal and so on. Identification objects can be divided into three types: 1, human body or substances related to human body such as blood, semen, saliva, urine, hair, footprints, oral sounds, etc. 2. Various materials or environments, geography, landforms, etc. Existing in nature; Third, all kinds of material products created by people's mental or physical labor, such as words, images, bills, buildings, machinery and equipment. Anyone who is the object of appraisal should at least be presumed to be related to the facts of the case; On the other hand, it cannot be used as an assessment object. 2. Classification of judicial expertise. Certificate seal identification 1, handwriting identification, signature identification 2. Identification of documents added, added, painted and modified 3. Identification of signature and seal order 4. Identification of forged seals, seal 5. Identification of writing materials such as paper, ink and stamp pad. Identification of document formation time II. Paternity test 3. Forensic clinical appraisal 65438+. 2. Identification of the degree of disability: traffic accident disability, industrial injury disability, accidental injury disability, intentional injury disability; 3. Identification of causality: refers to the identification of the relationship between injury and disease; 4. Judicial appraisal of medical disputes: whether there is a fault in medical behavior and whether there is a causal relationship with the death or disability of the patient; 5. Appraisal of insurance claims: whether accidental disability, serious illness and total disability meet the requirements of insurance claims; 6. Evaluation of time lost after injury: reasonable judgment of rest time after injury; 7. Identification of nursing dependence: evaluation of nursing dependence after disability: 8. Inference of injury or analysis of loss mechanism: Inferring injury from injury form or analyzing the formation mechanism of injury; 9. Post-treatment project evaluation: the evaluation of whether a second operation and medical dependence are needed after the treatment of the injury; 10. Medical expenses review: review the rationality of medical expenses paid after injury; 1 1, bone age identification: whether it reaches adult age; 12. identification of sexual function: analysis of causes such as sexual intercourse, male infertility and female infertility. Four. Forensic material evidence identification DNA typing test of biological samples such as blood stains, hair, sperm spots, saliva spots, bone chips and teeth in criminal cases and traffic accidents is used to identify individuals and determine their identity. Five, forensic pathology identification of the cause of death identification, death mode identification, medical disputes, surface inspection of the body, autopsy, etc. Six, Forensic Toxicology identification of all kinds of food, drugs, drugs, pesticides poisoning, all kinds of toxic animal and plant poisoning, gas poisoning, etc. Seven, all kinds of nonmetallic trace material evidence identification, metal composition identification. After understanding the contents and types of identification, we know that the scope of judicial identification has also changed greatly, expanding many unknown fields, and modern technology has overcome many professional problems that could not be identified in the past. It also provides a lot of favorable evidence for various criminal investigation cases, and at the same time, it can solve related issues that everyone has doubts about in our lives.