Zhuhai in 221 BC under the South Teaching County Panyu County, the Han Dynasty under the Panyu County, Jin to the Chen Dynasty under the Dongguan County, the Sui Dynasty under the Baoan County, the Tang Dynasty under the jurisdiction of Dongguan County. At that time, Wenshun Township was established in present-day Shanchang Village, which was the earliest administrative organization in Xiangshan District. After the Song Dynasty, because of the prosperous salt and silver mining industry here, it began to set up Xiangshan Town in Shanchang Village. To the Shaoxing twenty-second year (1152) set up Xiangshan County, under the Guangzhou Province, along to the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties; the end of the Ming Dynasty in the front of the mountain to build a city, called the "front of the mountain fortress", both military fortress, but also in charge of Macao and the front of the mountain administration, foreign affairs. After the Xinhai Revolution, Xiangshan County was attached to Guangdong Province, and on April 15, 1925, it was renamed Zhongshan County in honor of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. It was under the First Administrative Inspector's Office, and the government of Zhongshan County was located in Tangjia from 1930 to 1934. On October 30, 1949, the inland area of Zhuhai was liberated, and the island area of Wanshan Archipelago was liberated on August 3, 1950, and in January 1951, Jitoujiao, Chungkoushan, Wanshan Archipelago and Qi'ao Island were set aside in Zhongshan County, and Wanhaisha, Wuyong, Yiyong and Longtan Islands were set aside in Dongguan County, and Neilingding, Guoding and Kujing Islands were set aside in Bao'an County. The islands of Neilingding, Guwu, Shekou, Yantian, Wai Lingding Island, Jiapeng Islands, etc. were set aside to form the Pearl River Sub-district of Island Management Bureau of the People's Government of Guangdong Province, which was later changed to the Pearl River Sub-area Island Management Bureau, subordinate to the Special Department of the Pearl River In July 1952, the Island Management Bureau was transferred to Zhongshan County, and the People's Government of Fishermen's District was set up in Tangjiazhen in October of the same year to manage the 48 large and small islands and bays. In order to strengthen the management of coastal defense, the development of fishing and agricultural production, approved by the State Council, was established on April 20, 1953 Zhuhai County, by the former Zhongshan, Bao'an, Dongguan County set aside part of the coastal areas and islands composed of the Guangdong Central Administrative Office, the county seat is located in Tangjia. Under the first district (Tangjia), two districts (Qianshan), three districts (Sanzao), four districts (Wanhaisha). 1955 Zhuhai was designated as a border area, the establishment of the Shangchong, Haigai border checkpoints and the issuance of border resident permits. 1956 the end of the year, the withdrawal of districts and large townships, and Zhongshan County, Cuiwei, Konjii, Zaobei, Haigai, Guantang, East Bank, the six townships were assigned to Zhuhai County. 1958 October townships were set up in the people's commune, and soon the whole county became a large commune. The whole county became a large commune. 1959 March merged into Zhongshan County. August, the establishment of the Zhuhai Work Committee. 1961 April, the restoration of the establishment of Zhuhai County, the county seat is located in Xiangzhou. 1979 March 5, Zhuhai County into a provincial municipality.
In August 1980, the People's Republic of China **** and the State of the Fifth National People's Congress Standing Committee approved the twenty-fifth meeting, the establishment of special economic zones in Zhuhai. The area of the special zone was first 6.81 square kilometers, expanded to 15.16 square kilometers in 1983, expanded to 121 square kilometers in 1988. 1983 May, Doumen County under the jurisdiction of the city of Zhuhai. 1984 June, in the original Zhuhai County range of jurisdictions to set up the Xiangzhou District, the county-level establishment. In June 1984, Xiangzhou District was established in the former Zhuhai County, which was a county-level organization. The administrative scope of Zhuhai includes Xiangzhou District, Doumen County and six management areas of Sanzao, Wanshan, Pingsha, Hongqi, Qi'ao, Zhumeigang and Hengqin.
Zhuhai is located in the sea border defense, history is a military fortress. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, it was the place where the Yuan army fought with the Song army. Tomorrow, the first year of the Qiyi (1621) the government for the "system of Macao barbarians" (referring to the occupation of Macao's Portuguese) in the former mountain to establish a new fortress, called "the former mountain fortress", set up the generals of the House, sent nearly 2,000 land and water soldiers stationed. 17th century in the middle of the sea, the Wanshan, Dong'ao is a foreign enemy, invasion, frequent wars and turmoil. The mid-17th century, Wanshan, Dong'ao sea area is a place of foreign invasion, frequent wars, in Dong'ao Island to establish the Singijeon City, sent troops to guard. In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, the Qing government imposed a sea ban and put Macau under strict defense. Qing Daoguang years in Qi'ao Island set up a fort, Qing Daoguang nineteen years (1839), Lin Zexu as Minister of the Imperial Household, sped to the coast of Guangdong to check the ban on opium, led troops to Xiangshanshan County before the cottage inspection, strengthen the area of defense, and Qing Guangxu twenty-one years (1841) in the North Ridge, Lion Hill, built a fort, sent troops to guard. Qing Guangxu thirteen years (1887) the formal establishment of Gongbei Pass, according to the Sino-Portuguese unequal treaty of Beijing, the opening of Gongbei port. The garrison of the former fortress was reduced, and the city gradually became a trading market and residential area.
Macau was originally under the jurisdiction of Xiangshan County, as early as the thirty-sixth year of the Ming Jiajing (1557) to the middle of the 18th century, the Portuguese successively built forts in Macau. At the outbreak of the Opium War, Portugal provided the British with forts, attacked my Guanzha, invaded Gongbei, and the Qing army was defeated, losing its military control over the Macao region for the first time. Qing Daoguang twenty-ninth year (1849) Australian Governor Amara for the expansion of land, open up the Chi Road, wantonly trampled on the farmland in front of the hill and destroyed graves, for Longtian village farmers Shen Yami killed, Portugal took the opportunity to provoke a war, in the Qing Daoguang twenty-ninth year (1849) occupation of Macao Wang Ha Village; the first year of the Qing salty Fung (1851) encroachment of Taipa Island, the Qing Tongbo three years (1864) encroachment of Coloane Island; the Qing Tongzhi six years (1867) In the sixth year of the Tongzhi period (1867), the villages of Sha Li Tou and Sha Gang were invaded; in the fifth year of the Guangxu period (1879), the village of Lung Tin was invaded; in the eleventh year of the Guangxu period (1887), the so-called "Sino-Portuguese Treaty" was signed on March 26 in Lisboa, which consisted of four paragraphs, and the so-called "Sino-Portuguese Treaty" was signed in Beijing on December 12 of the same year, which consisted of 54 paragraphs. Fifty-four paragraphs; Qing Tongzhi thirteen years (1874), Portugal in the Gongbei built the Guanzha, which is Portugal's invasion of China's territory of the historical witness.
Zhuhai has a glorious revolutionary tradition. It was both a gateway for the colonialists to invade China and an outpost for the Chinese people to resist foreign invasion. Qing Daoguang sixteen years (1836), British and American warships invaded Ki Ao, Ki Ao people rose up to fight, killed the enemy 4 people, forcing the invaders to surrender, compensation of 3,000 silver; Daoguang twenty years on July 22 (August 19, 1840), the British warships sailed to the Macao Customs Gate by the Nine Chau Ocean, suddenly opened fire, forcibly landed. Local soldiers and civilians united, heroic resistance to the enemy. They sank several British ships, killed more than 10 British officers and soldiers, and captured more than 200 rounds of shells. The British had to flee to the Jiuzhou Ocean. Subsequently, the British and want to invade the former mountain, Xiangshan County Wu Enshu with 8 ships to block the river pass, Lin Zexu and set up additional troops *** 8,000 guard, resulting in the British ship did not succeed and retreat to the Mordor Gate and Lingdingyang. The gate and the front of the battle against the British, is "China's first victory in the opium wars." Qing Guangxu thirty-four years (1908), the people of Zhuhai for the defense of the border spontaneously set up "Xiangshan survey and maintenance of the Association"; subsequently, more aspiring people to take the road of Sun Yat-sen's leadership of the democratic revolution; the victory of the October Revolution in Russia, the establishment of China's **** Producers Party, the people of Zhuhai and take the lead in the national liberation movement; During the first domestic revolutionary war, the peasant movement emerged in the east coast of Zhuhai, Nanping, Shangjie, etc. In 1924, Ye Jianying organized and trained the new independent regiment of the second division of the founding Guangdong army in Xiangzhou, which played an important role in pacifying the warlord rebellion, participating in the Guangzhou Uprising and the war of Northern Expedition, etc. In 1938, the Japanese army occupied the island of Sanzao, massacred more than 3,000 compatriots on the island, and constructed a military airport as a base for invading South China, and the people of Zhuhai resisted. The people of Zhuhai rose up to resist, and under the leadership of the CPC, they developed party organizations and established anti-Japanese vanguards, and in March 1939, they established the first "Lianzhong" party branch in the Zhuhai area in Nanping, and in December 1941, the Central Committee of the CPC sent Xie Liquan and Xie Bin to Wuguishan and Fenghuangshan mountains to set up anti-Japanese bases, develop anti-Japanese armed forces, and carry out anti-hegemony activities. In 1950, the people of Zhuhai joined the army and fought in the war, and cooperated with the People's Liberation Army to liberate Zhuhai land and all the islands.
Zhuhai is a place of great talent, throughout the ages, there have been many famous historical figures, there are famous pioneers of the democratic revolution, there are also influential proletarian revolutionaries; there are politicians, militarists, diplomats, but also entrepreneurs at home and abroad enjoys a good reputation, literary figures, artists, educators, sportsmen. Tang Shaoyi, the first Cabinet Premier of the Republic of China, returned to his hometown in 1931-1934 to implement the Zhongshan Model County Program, serving successively as the Chairman of the Zhongshan County Training and Implementation Committee and the Governor of Zhongshan County (Model County). Zheng Zhong (a native of Nanping), a member of the first bourgeois revolutionary group Xing Zhong Hui, was praised by Sun Yat-sen for his devotion to the revolution and his efforts to help him raise the much-needed funds for the launching of the domestic uprising. Yang Lagenarian (from Beishan, Nanping), a member of the Fifth Central Committee of the CPC, was the earliest theorist to spread Marxism in South China during the May Fourth Movement, and an outstanding proletarian revolutionary in the early days of the CPC. Lin Weimin (a native of Sanzao), the first chairman of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, was an outstanding leader of the early Chinese workers' movement. Su Zhaozheng (from Qi'ao), a member of the Fifth Politburo of the Central Committee of the C***, was one of the early leaders of the C*** Proletarian Party, who led the Provincial-Hong Kong Strike and dealt a heavy blow to the Hong Kong-British imperialists. The first president of Tsinghua School (the predecessor of Tsinghua University), Tang Guoan (a native of Jishan, Tangjia), after the establishment of the school, he trained a number of graduates in higher disciplines and sent them to the United States to study. China's first international student to obtain a doctoral degree in the United States, served as China's first deputy minister to the United States Yung Hong (Nanping), is China's famous modern patriotic Chinese and educator. He has served his country for sixty years, dedicated to changing the poverty and backwardness of the motherland, advocating the study of advanced Western science and technology, revitalizing the economy, participating in the introduction of advanced machinery, initiating and presiding over the cause of Chinese officials sending young people to study abroad, creating a precedent for modern Chinese education abroad. Tang Bao'e (Tang family), one of the first Chinese students to go to Japan, founded China's first cement factory (Tangshan Shimin Clay Factory). Tang Tingshu, a famous modern Chinese industrialist, founded the Kaiping Coal Mine, the largest coal mine in China's modern history, built China's first self-built railroad, the Tangxu Railway, and presided over the manufacture of China's first steam car ("Dragon"). He was also responsible for manufacturing China's first steam car ("Dragon" locomotive), editing China's first English-Chinese dictionary, and was honored as "China's First Entrepreneur". Xu Run, who cooperated with Tang Yanshu to establish the first insurance company (Renhe Marine Insurance Company), the first privately-owned machine printing factory (Tongwen Bookstore), and the first hospital in Shanghai - Renji Hospital. Cai Chang (a native of Waisha, Jinding) who founded the largest department store in China (Shanghai Daxin Company). China's first world champion - the 25th Table Tennis Championships Men's Singles Champion Yung Kuo-tuan (from Nanping). Su Manshu (from Lixi), a modern Chinese painter, poet, monk, literary scholar and revolutionary. Mr. Liang Ruhao, who served as the Foreign Minister of the Republic of China, and so on. The stars are shining brightly for the world to see.
Zhuhai is adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao, the geographical location is superior, has always been valued by businessmen. According to historical records, in the Ming Dynasty, its waters are foreign merchant ships into the people of Guangzhou must pass through and mooring place. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, Long Bai (now Nanshui), Cross Gate (now southeast of Wan Chai) is the foreign merchant ships to Guangzhou trade berth in the outer harbor. From the 21st to the 27th year of the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty (1554-1558), merchant ships from Annam, Champhire, and Siam gathered in the waters of Nanbai. Qing Jiaqing 25 years (1802), foreign merchant ships anchored in the outer Lingding Island waters and Tangjia Jinxingmen, the most ships up to more than a hundred, Jinxingmen area has become a commodity trading market. Qing Daoguang sixteen years (1836), Britain and the United States ship invasion of Qi'ao Island, trying to occupy the island as a trading base.
Qing Guangxu 33 years (1907), the Qing government implemented the "New Deal" to encourage overseas Chinese industrialists to return to China to invest. In 1908, Monk Wang and American businessman Wu Yuzheng planned to open a port in Xiangzhou, which was approved by the Qing government in 1909, and the Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, Mr. Zhang Renjun, came to Xiangzhou to participate in the opening ceremony. The opening of the port for a period of time, commercial prosperity, there are more than 1,000 stores of all sizes. Qing Xuantong three years (1911), the Qing government approved Xiangzhou to become a free port, and then because of the Xiangzhou fire and by the foreign XiaLiShi tax secretary of the obstruction and failed to implement, so that investors to transfer funds, Xiangzhou become a ruin. Modern philosophers such as Tang Tingshu, Tang Shaoyi, Sun Yat-sen, etc. also had successive plans to build a port in the area of the Venus Gate to open a commercial port, but due to a variety of historical reasons and failed to achieve.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, in 1953, in order to strengthen the construction of border defense, the development of fishing and agricultural production, the State Council approved the establishment of Zhuhai County. After democratic reforms, the establishment of three levels of power, the development of mutual aid and cooperation, the construction of water conservancy, the transformation of rice paddies, the repair of fishing boats, improve transportation, the construction of energy, the establishment of industry, fishing and agricultural production has been a greater development, the masses have a great improvement in life. But because Zhuhai is located in the border, in more than a hundred kilometers of coastline, layers of defense, self-enclosed, people in and out of the very strict checking, agricultural and fishery products to Hong Kong and Macao export restrictions, slow economic development. the late 1950s and early 1960s had encouraged Hong Kong and Macao businessmen to invest in the shipbuilding, the development of fisheries, the province became one of the best-equipped fishing boats, the highest fish production. However, this policy was criticized as "relying on the bosses to develop production", and in the early 1960s, Zhuhai's border economy was in difficulty, and the people in the border area were in turmoil, with many people fleeing to Hong Kong and Macao. 1961, according to the traditional historical custom that all the fishery products of Zhuhai were needed by Hong Kong and Macao, the Provincial Party Committee decided that the fishery products of Zhuhai were to be used by Hong Kong and Macao. In 1961, according to the traditional historical habit of Zhuhai's fishery and agricultural products "all needed by Hong Kong and Macao", the Provincial Party Committee decided to "open the border gate", allowing some members of the community to go to Hong Kong and Macao to sell their agricultural and fishery products, allowing Wan Chai flower growers to go to Macao to sell their flowers, and allowing them to buy a small amount of means of production and daily life from Hong Kong and Macao. In 1963, the provincial party committee approved the implementation of "small trade", allowing the production team's agricultural and fishery products to be transported to Hong Kong and Macao for sale, and planned to open up part of the area to the outside world. ...... These limited opening-up policies enabled the border areas to develop economically for a time, and the production showed signs of vitality, as well as the return of expatriates, and a gradual stabilization of the people's hearts. However, when they took the first step, these opening-up policies were criticized as taking the road of capitalism. As a result, the "border gate" closed, small trade stopped, a large area of high economic efficiency of the flower land, the traditional cash crop land to rice, fishery and agricultural products exports fell sharply, missed the opportunity to open up and revitalize the economy, the economic stagnation, has been continued until the end of the Cultural Revolution.
Zhuhai County is a population of only 120,000 people, mainly in agriculture and fisheries of the small border counties, the county has only shipbuilding factories, agricultural machinery factories, fishing nets factory, food factories and other dozen factories. From 1953 to 1978, after 25 years of exploration and construction of the county, Zhuhai's economic construction than the early days of the county has a greater development, but only limited to the agricultural and fishery industry, a single economic structure. 1978, the total industrial and agricultural output value of only 100 million yuan, fiscal revenue of 7 million yuan, 25 years of the city's total construction area of only 360,000 square meters. The seat of the Zhuhai County Xiangzhou, or only a street, the commodity economy is very undeveloped small border county.
In 1979, Zhuhai was founded as a city, the establishment of the Zhuhai Special Economic Zone in 1980, which makes full use of the superior conditions of Zhuhai, Zhuhai, to promote the development of the economy opened up broad prospects. The Special Zone is the base for policy opening and the window for opening to the outside world. The Party Central Committee and the State Council have given the SAR the strategic task of vigorously introducing foreign capital, advanced foreign technology, advanced management experience and developing an export-oriented economy. In terms of policy, the SAR has been given many preferential treatment, such as relaxing the approval authority, expanding the autonomy of enterprises, reducing or exempting taxes, preferential land use fees, and so on. Through the bold exploration of the people of Zhuhai, the courage to open up, hard work, so that the rapid development of the economy of the Special Administrative Region.
The Zhuhai Special Economic Zone has gone through three stages of development: from 1980 to 1985 for the initial period, mainly exploring ways, summarizing experience, clarifying the policy of "industry-oriented, comprehensive development", building infrastructure, improving the investment environment, introducing capital and advanced technology, cultivating talents and accumulating funds. In 1984, Deng Xiaoping inspected the Special Economic Zone and wrote an inscription: "Zhuhai Special Economic Zone is good", which pointed out the direction for the development of Zhuhai Special Economic Zone and greatly encouraged the cadres and masses. After these five years' efforts, the foundation project of the Special Zone centered on "seven links and one leveling" has been basically completed; the transportation network combining sea, land and air has been initially established; water and electricity supply has basically met the needs of the construction of the Special Zone; postal, telecommunication and communication have been gradually developed towards modernization, and preferential measures and regulations conducive to the development of productive forces have been formulated; a large number of talents have been introduced and cultivated, and the development of the Special Zone has been improved. Cultivate a large number of talents, improve the investment environment, the introduction of more and more foreign capital, a number of key export-oriented industrial projects on the ground, and gradually establish an industrial system based on four major industries, such as electronics, textiles, food, building materials. Driven by industry, the city's various industries are competing for development. 1986, the total industrial and agricultural output value of 945 million yuan, an increase of 1.75 times over 1980. Among them, the industrial growth of 3.2 times, agricultural and fishery industries increased by 31.9%; financial income increased by 3.7 times, the people's living standards have improved greatly. Zhuhai not only changed the situation of living on state subsidies in the past, but also had the ability of self-development. The second stage from 1986-1990, for the establishment of industrial-based economic development stage. From the initial stage of "laying foundation and spreading out" to "grasping production, leveling up and seeking benefits", a series of reform measures were implemented to adapt to the period of national governance and reorganization, and to develop the economy of the Special Administrative Region. Extensively carry out external attraction and internal linkage, build a number of backbone industrial projects, develop an export-oriented economy, open up foreign markets, so that the SAR's economy has been developed relatively quickly. At the same time, with the special zone as the center, it drove the development of the western and eastern regions and strengthened the construction of basic industries such as energy, transportation and raw materials. By 1990, more than 40,000 sets of equipment had been introduced from abroad, including more than 80 production lines of more than 100,000 US dollars; 133 advanced technology projects had been introduced; and more than 4,000 contracts had been signed, with an actual investment of 1.2 billion US dollars from the United States, Canada, Rui-Tu, Japan, Australia, Hong Kong and more than 10 other countries and regions. Set up more than 500 foreign-funded enterprises, more than 380 domestic enterprises, investment amounted to nearly 600 million yuan, set up more than 120 agricultural and fishery export commodities base, the formation of electronics, food, textiles, building materials, and export-oriented agricultural and fishery industry-oriented economic system. 1990 compared with 1979, the economic indicators have increased significantly. 1990 GDP of 4.12 billion yuan, an increase of 16.38 times. In 1990, the gross domestic product of 4.12 billion yuan, an increase of 16.38 times, the total value of foreign trade exports of 489 million U.S. dollars, an increase of 68.9 times, an increase of 55.9 times the fiscal revenue, the urban per capita housing area of 12.8 square meters. And ten years ahead of schedule to achieve the strategic goal of quadrupling the gross national product by the end of the 20th century.
In the 1990s, Zhuhai's economic development entered the third stage. Efforts were made to increase new advantages, improve the overall quality of people, shift the focus of introduction to high-tech projects with high technological content and added value, shift the focus of economic construction to the western region, and devote to the construction of roads and ports and the development of high-tech enterprises. In 1990, the GDP of Zhuhai increased by 67.4%, ranking the 4th among all cities in China in the evaluation of the comprehensive strength of cities in the country. The national income increased by 63.3%, ranking the 2nd in the national cities; the annual GDP per capita was as high as 22,546 yuan, ranking the 2nd in the country; the annual national income per capita was 13,411 yuan, ranking the 3rd in the country; the annual financial income per capita was 2,504 yuan, ranking the 2nd in the country; and the social labor productivity was 25,407 yuan per annum, ranking the 2nd in the country. The annual income of employees was 4,791 yuan, with an annual per capita income of 2,671 yuan. Per capita housing area reached 17.1 square meters, per capita living electricity consumption 368 kilowatts per hour, gas penetration rate of 69.6%. Per capita paved road is 13.7 square meters. Completed Zhuhai Airport, Zhuhai Port two 20,000-ton berths and a number of other major projects, built Zhu Zhi Avenue and other high-level roads 240 kilometers, the initial formation of a well-connected network. The total annual passenger transportation amounted to 127 million. Post and telecommunications developed, per capita total annual post and telecommunications 824 yuan, per 100 people have 18.1 telephone. Water, electricity and gas basically meet the needs of industrial production and residential life. Into the average annual water supply of 275.1 tons, higher than the average national city water strict 22%; Into the average electricity consumption of 3,190 kilowatt-hours, 60% higher than the average water dry; per capita annual gas supply of 179.2 cubic meters, 19% higher than the average. Urban green coverage rate of 39.7%, ranking 4th in the national city; per capita green space area of 53.6% square meters, per 10,000 people have 40.7 people cleaning and sanitation staff. Zhuhai from the former economic backwardness of a small border county, a leap into a new garden city. An industrial system focusing on high-tech, comprehensive development of export-oriented economic pattern is taking shape; the rapid development of social productive forces, economic strength has been greatly enhanced; the construction of socialist spiritual civilization has achieved fruitful results, and the spiritual outlook has been refreshed. Zhuhai city has been awarded by the national and provincial departments as "Model City of Double Embrace", "Healthy City", "Top Ten Cities of National Spiritual Civilization Construction", "one of the top 40 tourist resorts in China", "12 years of conscription work excellent city", "garden city", "family planning advanced city " and many other awards.
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