1, the nurse's assistant robot
"Nurse's assistant" robot is the first service robot products of TRC created by Engelberg. It was developed in 1985, sold in 1990, and is now in use in dozens of hospitals around the world.
"Nurse's aide" is an autonomous robot, it does not need wired guidance, and does not need to plan in advance, once programmed, it is ready to complete the following tasks: delivery of medical equipment and equipment, for the patient to deliver meals, delivery of medical records, statements and letters, delivery of medicines, delivery of test samples and results of the test, delivery of mail and parcels within the hospital. hospitals, and delivering mail and packages within the hospital.
The robot consists of a walking part, a travel controller and a large number of sensors. The robot can move freely in the hospital with a speed of about 0.7 meters per second. The robot is equipped with a map of the hospital's buildings, and after determining its destination the robot autonomously navigates along the corridors using a course projection method, which consists of a structured light vision sensor and an omni-directional ultrasonic sensor that can detect stationary or moving objects and make course corrections. Its omni-directional tactile sensors ensure that the robot does not come into contact with people or objects. Encoders on the wheels measure the distance it has traveled. In corridors, the robot uses the corners of walls to determine its position, while when in larger spaces such as wards, it can use reflective strips on the ceiling to help localize itself with the help of sensors that look upwards. It can also open doors when needed. In multi-story buildings, it can call a manned elevator and enter it to the floor it is going to. In an emergency, such as when a surgeon and his patient use the elevator, the robot can stop, get out of the way, and then restart two minutes later to continue on its way. Multiple destinations can be selected through menus on the Nurse's Aide, and the robot is quick and easy to use with a large fluorescent screen and user-friendly sound system.
2, brain surgery robot assisted system
Brain surgery robot assisted system is by the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Tsinghua University and the Navy General Hospital *** with the development of the May 1997 with the robot for the patient to carry out the first case of craniotomy surgery to November 2000 has been more than 140 patients to carry out this kind of surgery.
This system enables the patient to throw off a large frame and also helps position the patient and provides the surgeon with a surgical platform. With a computer screen next to the operating table, the doctor can identify the focal point for the surgery, and surgeries that would have taken at least half a day to complete without the modified system can be completed in as little as 30 minutes with the system.
3, oral restoration robot
This is a computer and robot-assisted design, production of full denture artificial teeth application test system. The system uses image, graphic technology to obtain the generation of edentulous jaw patients oral soft and hard tissue computer model, the use of self-developed non-contact three-dimensional laser scanning measurement system to obtain the geometric parameters of the patient's edentulous jaw bone morphology, the use of expert system software to complete the computer-aided statistics of the full denture artificial teeth rows. In addition, the transition conversion device between a single plastic artificial tooth and the final artificial tooth row to be completed, the adjustable tooth rower, was invented and fabricated.
Any positional and postural control of the row of teeth can be realized based on the robot. Utilizing restorative dentistry robots is equivalent to rapidly training and creating a group of advanced restorative dentistry medical specialists and technicians. Utilizing robots to replace manual tooth rowing not only operates more precisely and digitally than oral healthcare specialists, but also avoids errors caused by fatigue, emotions, and negligence on the part of the specialists. This will enable the design and production of complete dentures to enter a level that can both meet the individual physiological function and aesthetic needs of edentulous patients, as well as standardization, standardization, automation, and industrialization, thus greatly improving their production efficiency and quality.
4, into the blood vessel robot
Into the blood vessel robot like a submarine in the blood of the river to swim freely. Once encountered in the blood vessels or floating cholesterol, fat, they will be mercilessly pounced on, quickly tear it chewed. When they meet with vicious viruses, they also stand up to them without fear.
On May 27, 1988, two Chinese-Americans at the University of California developed a micro-motor that was only 76 microns (3‰ inches).
November 1991, the Japanese electronics company's researchers in the then state-of-the-art "electron tunneling scanning microscope" under the "ultra-microscopic tip", the silicon atoms will be lined up into a pyramid-shaped "concave cone", which is only 36% of the size of the pyramid.
This is the first time that mankind has arranged atoms by hand, causing a sensation in the world of atomic physics.
In July 1996, Harvard University successfully developed a turbine with a diameter of only 7 microns. Thousands of these turbines can be placed on a single postage stamp. Only under an ultra-high-power microscope can you see its shape and structure clearly. China has also developed a 1-millimeter motor.
5, intelligent wheelchair robot
With the development of society and the improvement of human civilization, people, especially the disabled more and more need to use modern high-tech to improve their quality of life and freedom of life. Because of various traffic accidents, natural and man-made disasters and various diseases, thousands of people lose one or more abilities (such as walking, manual dexterity, etc.) every year. Therefore, the research on the robot wheelchair used to help disabled people walk has gradually become a hotspot, such as Spain, Italy and other countries, the Institute of Automation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has also successfully developed a robot wheelchair with visual and oral navigation function and can be voice interaction with people.
The robot wheelchair mainly has the functions of verbal recognition and speech synthesis, robot self-localization, dynamic random obstacle avoidance, multi-sensor information fusion, real-time adaptive navigation control.
The key technology of the robot wheelchair is the safety navigation problem, and the basic method used is to rely on ultrasonic and infrared ranging, and individually also used the password control. The main shortcoming of ultrasonic and infrared navigation is that the controllable measuring range is limited, and visual navigation can overcome the shortcomings in this regard. In the robot wheelchair, the user of the wheelchair should be the center and active part of the whole system. For the user, the robotic wheelchair should have the function of interacting with people. This interaction function can be realized intuitively through human-machine voice dialog. Although individual existing mobile wheelchairs can be controlled by simple passwords, there are not many mobile robots and wheelchairs with real interactive functions.
6, climbing cable robot
Climbing cable robot is the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Robotics Research Institute in 1997 with the Shanghai Huangpu River Bridge Engineering and Construction Department.
The robot system consists of two parts, one is the robot body, part of the robot car. The robot body can climb along the various inclination of the cable, in the high-altitude cable automatically complete the inspection, sanding, cleaning, de-static, priming and top coating and a series of maintenance work. The robot body is equipped with a CCD camera, which can monitor the work situation at any time. The other part of the ground trolley is used to install the robot body and supply water and paint to the robot body, as well as monitor the robot's overhead work.
7, outdoor cleaning robot
Glass roof (about 3,000 square meters) cleaning robot is the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Institute of Robotics to play to its technological advantages and the Ministry of Railways, Beijing Railway Bureau of the scientific research for the Beijing West Railway Station co-developed.
The robot consists of two main parts: the robot body and the ground support robot cart. The robot body is the main body that crawls along the glass wall and completes the scrubbing action, weighing 25 kilograms, which can walk and scrub flexibly and freely according to the actual environmental conditions, and has high reliability. Ground support trolley belongs to the supporting equipment, in the robot work, is responsible for the robot power supply, gas supply, water supply and recycling of sewage, it and the robot through the pipeline connection.
Currently, China is engaged in building cleaning robot research and Harbin Institute of Technology and Shanghai University, etc., they also have their own products.
The building cleaning robot was developed on the basis of the wall-crawling robot, which is only one of the uses of the wall-crawling robot. Wall-crawling robots have two adsorption methods, negative pressure adsorption and magnetic adsorption, building window cleaning robot is used in the negative pressure adsorption method. Magnetic adsorption wall-crawling robot has also been introduced in China, and has been applied in the Daqing oilfield.
8, firefighting robot
In the face of relentless fires, the Shanghai Fire Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai Fire Bureau *** with the development of firefighting robot program. After three years of research, China's first fire robot has been born. Firefighting robots can walk, climb, cross the barrier, spray fire, can carry out fire reconnaissance.
Not only in our country, but also in the world of firefighting is a big problem, the governments of all countries are doing everything possible to minimize the loss of fire.
In November 1984, a fire broke out in a cable tunnel in Tokyo, Japan, and firefighters had to extinguish the fire in the tunnel in a dangerous environment of thick smoke and high temperatures. After the fire, the Tokyo Fire Department began research into firefighting robots that could work in harsh conditions, and five types of firefighting robots have been put into service for five purposes.
9, remote-controlled firefighting robot
This robot was first used in 1986. When firefighters are difficult to approach the fire scene to extinguish the fire, or when there is a risk of explosion, you can use this robot. This robot is equipped with tracks, the maximum driving speed of up to 10 km / h, every minute can spray 5 tons of water or 3 tons of foam.
10, spray fire extinguishing robot
This robot was developed in 1989, belonging to a remote-controlled firefighting robots, used in narrow passages and underground areas to extinguish fires. The robot is 45 centimeters high, 74 centimeters wide and 120 centimeters long. It is driven by a jet engine or a regular engine for traveling. When the robot arrives at the scene of a fire, nozzles convert the stream of water into a high-pressure water mist sprayed on the flames in order to extinguish the flames.
11, firefighting reconnaissance robot
Firefighting reconnaissance robot was born in 1991, used to collect all kinds of information around the fire scene and support firefighters in the presence of smoke or toxic gases. The robot has four tracks, an operating arm and nine acquisition devices for collecting data, including cameras, heat distribution indicators and gas concentration meters.
12, climbing rescue robot
Climbing rescue robot was first used in 1993. When the upper floors of high-rise buildings suddenly fire, the robot is able to climb the outer walls of the building to investigate the fire, and rescue and firefighting work. The robot was able to winch itself up along a wire rope lowered from the top of the building, and then it was able to move freely around the building using negative pressure suction cups. The robot can climb buildings up to 70 meters high.
13, ambulance robots
Ambulance robots were first put into use in 1994. This robot is able to move injured people to safety. The robot is 4 meters long, 1.74 meters wide, 1.89 meters high and weighs 3860 kilograms. It is equipped with rubber tracks and has a maximum speed of 4 kilometers per hour. It not only has information gathering devices, such as TV cameras, flammable gas detectors, ultrasonic detectors, etc.; it also has 2 robotic hands with a maximum gripping force of 90 kilograms. The robots can lift the injured people to the ambulance platform, where they can be provided with fresh air.
In November 2000, a fire broke out in the tunnel of an Austrian snowy mountain cable car, killing more than 160 people. Due to the darkness, coldness and dense smoke in the tunnel, it was very difficult to extinguish the fire and clean up the scene. This again illustrates the importance of special firefighting equipment.
Two, service robot market analysis
1, the market is in the eve of the outbreak
Service robot market size is growing rapidly. According to the prediction of Yiwang Intelligence Center, China's service robot market size was about 8.2 billion yuan in 2015, and will grow to about 14 billion yuan in 2016, while the market size in 2017 will exceed 20 billion yuan.
The market size of service robots can exceed that of industrial robots. We believe that the service robot market will usher in long-term growth, and the future market size can exceed industrial robots for the following reasons:
(1) The breakthroughs in the Internet of Things, big data, human-computer interaction and other technologies have provided the conditions for the outbreak of the service robot market.
(2) Post-80s and post-90s people's consumer attitudes change, and the lack of time invested in housework, with the increase in income year by year, the young people's demand for service robots increases.
(3) The continuous progress of artificial intelligence technology will enhance the interaction ability of service robots, and technological progress may bring more demand for upgrading.
2, four industry trends
Trend 1: artificial intelligence and service robots are increasingly close
Relative to industrial robots, service robots pay more attention to the human-machine interaction experience, frequent interactions between the user and the robot, but also higher requirements for the robot's feedback speed, which include deep learning, natural language processing, visual perception, cloud computing The requirements for artificial intelligence technology, including deep learning, natural language processing, visual perception, cloud computing, etc., are extremely high. We believe that in the long run, artificial intelligence is the core of service robots, and the boundaries of the service robotics market depend on artificial intelligence technology to break.
Trend 2: family services and other areas of the first outbreak
(1) in terms of family services, service robots can not only provide cleaning services such as sweeping the floor, but also as an important interface to the smart home, through the analysis of data and then push services for the user.
(2) In medical applications, medical robots can realize minimally invasive surgery, rehabilitation therapy and other roles.
(3) In addition, service robots are also used in education, logistics, finance and other fields, such as small i robot and the Bank of Communications launched in cooperation with the Bank of Communications "small e" is a robot that can accept banking business.
Relatively speaking, family services and health care do not require much intelligence from service robots, and the current level of artificial intelligence is already capable of handling these tasks, while human-robot interactions in the fields of education and finance are very frequent and informative.
Trend 3: service robots are expected to become an important data portal
At present, the application of service robots is relatively single, only in the field of home cleaning and other industrialized applications, but in the long run, service robots are expected to replace cell phones as the next generation of intelligent terminals, and their application scenarios will be more diversified than those of cell phones. Therefore, in the short and medium term, home service robots are likely to become the entrance to the smart home, and in the long term, with the diversification of application scenarios, service robots are expected to become the next important data portal after cell phones.
Trend 4: In the long run, companies with rich industry experience and excellent technology will stand out
At present, a large number of companies have entered the service robot industry. Overall, the current service robot market is relatively outstanding enterprises include:
(1) Internet giants, such as Google, Microsoft, IBM, Baidu, etc., such enterprises have a strong technical background, most of which cut directly into the artificial intelligence level;
(2) enterprises focusing on specific application scenarios, for example, including Midea, Haier, Coors, etc., have laid out the family service robot field, da Vinci and others specialize in the field of medical robotics, while the small i robot is focused on the field of virtual customer service assistant, providing customer service technology and services for B-side customers.