1 General Provisions
According to the "People's Republic of China *** and the State Emergency Response Law", "National Overall Emergency Response Plan for Public Emergencies ***" and the State Council's relevant provisions, in order to strengthen the guidance of corresponding to the work of the exercise, and to promote emergency response drills in a standardized, safe, cost-effective, and orderly manner, the formulation of this guide.
1.1 Definition of Emergency Drill
Emergency drill refers to the people's governments at all levels and their departments, enterprises, institutions and social organizations (hereinafter collectively referred to as the organizing unit of the drill) to organize the relevant units and personnel, based on the relevant emergency plan, simulate the response to emergencies.
1.2 Purpose of emergency drills
(1) Test the plan. By carrying out emergency drills, find the problems in the emergency plan, and then improve the emergency plan, improve the practicality and operability of the emergency plan.
(2) Improve preparation. By carrying out emergency drills, check the emergency response team, materials, equipment, technology and other aspects of the emergency preparedness, found insufficient to be adjusted in a timely manner to supplement the emergency preparedness work.
(3) Exercise team. By carrying out emergency drills, enhance the drill organization units, participating units and personnel familiar with the emergency plan to improve their emergency response capabilities.
(4) The grinding mechanism. Through the conduct of emergency drills, to further clarify the responsibilities and tasks of the relevant units and personnel, rationalize the working relationship, improve the emergency response mechanism.
(5) Science and education. By carrying out emergency drills, popularize emergency knowledge, improve public awareness of risk prevention and self-rescue and mutual rescue and other disaster response capabilities.
1.3 Principles of Emergency Drill
(1) Combined with the actual, reasonable positioning. Closely integrated with the actual emergency management, clear purpose of the exercise, according to the resource conditions to determine the mode and scale of the exercise.
(2) Focus on the actual combat, seek practical results. To improve the command and coordination ability of emergency commanders, emergency response team's ability to focus on the battle. Attention to the effect of the exercise and the organization of the evaluation, assessment, summary promotion of good experience, timely rectification of existing problems.
(3) Carefully organized to ensure safety. Around the purpose of the exercise, carefully planning the content of the exercise, the scientific design of the exercise program, the careful organization of the exercise activities, the development and strict compliance with the relevant security measures to ensure that the exercise participants and exercise equipment and facilities of the safety.
(4) integrated planning, and practice economy. Integrated planning of emergency exercise activities, appropriate to carry out cross-regional, cross-sector, cross-industry comprehensive exercise, make full use of existing resources, and strive to improve the effectiveness of emergency exercises.
1.4 Classification of emergency drills
(1) According to the form of organization, emergency drills can be divided into tabletop drills and combat drills.
①Tabletop drill. Desktop exercise refers to the use of maps, sand table, flow charts, computer simulation, video conferencing and other auxiliary means, for the assumption of the exercise scenario in advance, discussion and deduction of emergency decision-making and on-site disposal process, thus promoting the relevant personnel to master the duties and procedures set out in the emergency plan to improve the command and decision-making and coordination capabilities. Tabletop exercises are usually done indoors.
②Practical exercises. Practical exercise is the use of emergency response personnel involved in the equipment and materials, for the pre-set scenarios of emergencies and subsequent development of scenarios, through the actual decision-making, action and operation, the completion of the real emergency response process, so as to test and improve the relevant personnel on the spot organization and command, team mobilization, emergency response skills and logistical support and other emergency response capabilities. Practical exercises are usually completed in a specific place.
(2) According to the content of the division, emergency drills can be divided into a single drill and comprehensive drills.
1) Single drill. Single drill refers to only involve the emergency plan in a specific emergency response function or on-site disposal program in a series of emergency response function of the exercise activities. Focus on one or a few participating units (positions) of the specific links and functions to test.
②Comprehensive exercises. Comprehensive exercise refers to the emergency plan involves a number of emergency response or all the functions of the exercise activities. Focus on multiple links and functions to test, especially for different units between the emergency mechanism and joint response capacity test.
(3) According to the purpose and role of the division, emergency drills can be divided into test drills, demonstration drills and research drills.
①Test drills. Test drills refers to test the feasibility of the emergency plan, the adequacy of emergency preparedness, coordination of emergency response mechanisms and emergency response capabilities of the relevant personnel and the organization of the exercise.
②Demonstration drills. Demonstration drill is to show the observers emergency response capabilities or provide demonstration teaching, strictly in accordance with the provisions of the emergency plan to carry out the performance of the drill.
3 research drills. Research drills refers to the study and solve emergency response to the focus of emergency response, difficult problems, test new programs, new technologies, new equipment and the organization of the exercise.
Different types of drills combined with each other, can form a single desktop exercise, integrated desktop exercise, a single combat exercise, integrated combat exercise, demonstrative single exercise, demonstrative integrated exercises.
1.5 Emergency drill planning
The drill organization should be based on the actual situation, and based on relevant laws and regulations and emergency plans, develop annual emergency drill planning, in accordance with the "first single after the integrated, first desktop after the actual combat, step by step, time and space in order" and other principles, reasonable planning of emergency drills. Frequency, scale, form, time and location.
2 Emergency drill organization
Drills should be organized and carried out under the leadership of the relevant plan determined by the emergency leadership or command structure. Exercise organization units should be set up by the leaders of the relevant units of the exercise leading group, usually under the planning department, the Department of security and evaluation group; for different types and sizes of exercise activities, its organization and functions can be adjusted appropriately. According to the need, can be set up on-site command.
2.1 Exercise Leading Group
Exercise Leading Group is responsible for the whole process of emergency exercise activities of the organization and leadership, approval and decision-making of the exercise of major issues. Exercise leading group leader is generally organized by the exercise unit or its parent unit responsible for; deputy leader is generally organized by the exercise unit or the main co-sponsoring unit responsible for; other members of the group is generally involved in the exercise by the relevant unit responsible for. In the exercise implementation stage, the exercise leading group leader, deputy leader usually act as the exercise commander-in-chief, deputy commander-in-chief.
2.2 Planning Department
Planning Department is responsible for emergency drill planning, drill program design, drill implementation of the organization and coordination, drill evaluation and summary work. Planning Department set up a master plan, deputy master plan, set up under the copywriting group, coordination group, control group, publicity group and so on.
(1) General planning. The master plan is the exercise preparation, exercise implementation, exercise summary and other stages of the work of the main organizers, generally by the exercise organization unit with emergency exercise organization experience and emergency response experience as a person; deputy master planner to assist the master planner to carry out their work, generally by the exercise organization unit or participating units of the relevant personnel as.
(2) Copywriting team. Under the direct leadership of the master planner, responsible for the development of exercise plans, design exercise programs, the preparation of exercise summary report and exercise documentation filing and recording, etc.; its members should have a certain amount of experience in the organization of exercises and emergency response experience.
(3) Coordination Group. Responsible for communication and coordination with the relevant units involved in the exercise and the relevant departments of the unit, its members are generally the organization of the exercise and the participating units of the administrative, foreign affairs and other departments.
(4) Control Group. In the exercise implementation process, under the direct command of the master plan, is responsible for transmitting all kinds of control messages to the exercise personnel, to guide the emergency exercise process according to plan. Its members are best to have a certain amount of experience in the exercise, can also be drawn from the copywriting group and coordination group, often referred to as the exercise control personnel.
(5) publicity group. Responsible for the preparation of the exercise publicity program, organize the exercise information, organize the news media and carry out press releases. Its members are generally the drill organization and participating units of the publicity department staff.
2.3 Security Department
Security Department is responsible for mobilizing materials and equipment needed for the drill, purchasing and making drill models, props, scenes, preparing the drill site, maintaining order at the drill site, securing transportation vehicles, securing the lives of personnel and security, etc. The members are generally members of the organizing unit of the drill and participating units of the publicity department. Its members are generally the exercise organization and participating units of logistics, finance, office and other departments, often referred to as logistics support staff.
2.4 Evaluation Team
The evaluation team is responsible for designing the exercise evaluation plan and preparing the exercise evaluation report, conducting the whole process and all-round evaluation of the exercise preparation, organization, implementation and its safety matters, etc., and submitting timely opinions and suggestions to the leading group of the exercise, the Ministry of Planning and the Ministry of Security. Its members are generally emergency management experts, with a certain exercise evaluation experience and emergency response experience professionals, often called exercise evaluators. Evaluation team can be organized by the higher authorities, can also be organized by the exercise organization unit itself.
2.5 Participating teams and personnel
Participants include the relevant emergency management department (unit) staff, various types of full-time and part-time emergency rescue teams and volunteer teams, etc., as stipulated in the emergency plan.
Participants in the specific tasks of the exercise, for the simulation of the incident scenarios to make emergency response action. Sometimes you can also use simulated personnel instead of not participating in the exercise on-site unit personnel, or simulate the process of the accident, such as the release of smoke, simulated leakage.
3 Emergency drill preparation
3.1 Formulation of the drill plan
Drill plan prepared by the copywriting team, reviewed by the Planning Department and submitted to the drill leading group for approval. The main contents include:
(1) Determine the purpose of the drill, clear reasons for organizing emergency drills, drills to solve the problem and the desired effect.
(2) analyze the needs of the exercise, in the pre-set event risk and emergency plan based on careful analysis, to determine the need to adjust the exercise personnel, need to exercise the skills, need to test the equipment, need to improve the emergency response process and need to further clarify the responsibilities.
(3) Determine the scope of the exercise, according to the exercise demand, funding, resources and time and other conditions of the limitations, to determine the type of exercise event, level, geographic area, the number of participating organizations and the number of people, the exercise mode and so on. Exercise demand and exercise scope often influence each other.
(4) Arranging the schedule for the preparation and implementation of the exercise plan, including a variety of exercise documents prepared and finalized deadlines, material and equipment preparation deadlines, the date of implementation of the exercise and so on.
(5) Preparation of drill budget, clear drill funding channels.
3.2 Design of the exercise program
Exercise program prepared by the copywriting team, through the review and approval by the exercise leading group, if necessary, but also need to be reported to the relevant competent units agreed and filed. The main contents include:
3.2.1 Determine the objectives of the exercise
The objectives of the exercise are the main tasks to be accomplished and the results achieved, generally explaining "by whom and under what conditions to accomplish what tasks, based on what standards, and achieve what results". Exercise objectives should be simple, specific, quantifiable and achievable. An exercise generally have a number of exercise objectives, each exercise objectives in the exercise program to have the corresponding events and exercises to be achieved, and in the exercise assessment of the corresponding evaluation project to determine the realization of the objectives.
3.2.2 Designing exercise scenarios and implementation steps
Exercise scenarios provide the initial conditions for exercise activities, but also through a series of scenarios to guide the continuation of the exercise activities until the completion of the exercise. The scenarios include an overview of the exercise scenario and a list of exercise scenarios.
(1) Overview of the exercise scenarios. To each drill scenario summary description, mainly describes the type of event, the time and place of occurrence, the speed of development, intensity and danger, the affected area, the distribution of people and materials, to cause damage, the subsequent development of forecasts, meteorological and other environmental conditions.
(2) list of drill scenarios. To clarify the exercise process of each scene of the chronological list and spatial distribution. The logical connection between the exercise scenarios depends on the pattern of event development, control messages and actions to be taken by the exercise personnel after receiving the control messages.
3.2.3 Designing Evaluation Criteria and Methods
Exercise evaluation is the process of observing, experiencing, and documenting exercise activities, comparing the differences between the exercise's actual results and its objectives, and summarizing the exercise's successes and shortcomings. Exercise evaluation should be based on exercise objectives. Each exercise objective should be designed with reasonable evaluation items, methods and standards. According to the different objectives of the exercise, can be used to select items (such as: yes / no judgment, multiple choice), subjective rating (such as: 1-poor, 3-qualified, 5-excellent), quantitative measurements (such as: response time, the number of people trapped, the number of people rescued) and other methods of assessment.
In order to facilitate the operation of the exercise evaluation, usually designed in advance evaluation form, including exercise objectives, assessment methods, evaluation criteria and related records. If possible, you can also use professional evaluation software and other tools.
3.2.4 Preparation of exercise program document
Exercise program document is a detailed working document to guide the implementation of the exercise. Depending on the type and size of the exercise, the exercise program can be organized into one or more documents. Compiled into a number of documents can include exercise personnel manual, exercise control guide, exercise evaluation guide, exercise publicity programs, exercise scripts, etc., were issued to the relevant personnel. The exercise of confidential emergency plans or exercises should not be disclosed, but also to develop confidentiality measures.
(1) Exercise personnel manual. The content mainly includes an overview of the exercise, the organization, time, location, participating units, the purpose of the exercise, an overview of the exercise scenarios, the exercise site identification, exercise logistics, exercise rules, safety precautions, communication contacts, but does not include the details of the exercise. The exercise personnel manual can be distributed to all participants.
(2) Exercise control guide. The content mainly includes a summary of the exercise scenario, a list of exercise events, exercise scenario description, participants and their location, exercise control rules, control personnel organization and responsibilities, communication contacts. The exercise control guide is mainly used by exercise controllers.
(3) Exercise evaluation guide. The content mainly includes an overview of the exercise, a list of exercise events, exercise objectives, exercise scenarios, participants and their location, the organizational structure and responsibilities of the evaluator, the location of the evaluator, evaluation forms and related tools, communication contacts. The exercise evaluation guide is mainly used by the exercise evaluators.
(4) Exercise publicity program. The content mainly includes publicity objectives, publicity methods, dissemination channels, the main tasks and division of labor, technical support, communication contacts.
(5) Script. For the major comprehensive demonstration drill, drill organization units to prepare a drill script, describing the drill event scene, disposal action, executives, instructions and dialogue, video background and subtitles, narration, etc.
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3.2.5 Review of the exercise program
For the more comprehensive and risky emergency exercise, the evaluation team should review the exercise program formulated by the text team to ensure that the exercise program is scientific and feasible to ensure the smooth progress of the emergency exercise.
3.3 Exercise mobilization and training
Before the start of the exercise should be mobilized and trained to ensure that all participants in the exercise to grasp the rules of the exercise, exercise scenarios and their respective tasks in the exercise.
All drill participants should be trained in the basic knowledge of emergency response, the basic concept of the drill, drill site rules. The controllers should be trained in their duties, exercise process control and management; the evaluators should be trained in their duties, exercise evaluation methods, use of tools, etc.; and the participants should be trained in the emergency plan, emergency response skills and the use of personal protective equipment.
3.4 Emergency Drill Security
3.4.1 Personnel Security
Drill participants generally include the drill leadership team, the drill commander, the general plan, copywriters, controllers, evaluators, security personnel, participants, simulators, etc., and sometimes there are observers and other personnel. In the process of preparing for the exercise, the exercise organization and participating units should be reasonable arrangements to ensure that the relevant personnel involved in the exercise activities of time; through the organization of observation and learning and training to improve the quality of the exercise personnel and skills.
3.4.2 Financial security
The drill organizing unit should be based on the annual emergency drill planning emergency drill budget, into the unit's annual financial (financial) budget, and in accordance with the needs of the drill in a timely manner to allocate funds. Supervision and inspection of the use of funds to ensure that the drill funds earmarked, economical and efficient.
3.4.3 Venue security
According to the way and content of the exercise, after the site survey to choose a suitable exercise site. Desktop exercises can generally choose the conference room or emergency command center, etc.; combat exercises should be selected and the actual situation of the location of similar, and according to the need to set up the command headquarters, assembly points, reception stations, supply stations, ambulance stations, parking and other facilities. Exercise site should have enough space, good transportation, life, health and safety conditions, and try to avoid interfering with public production and life.
3.4.4 Material and equipment security
As needed, prepare the necessary materials, materials and equipment for the exercise, the production of the necessary modeling facilities, etc., mainly including:
(1) information materials: mainly including emergency plans and exercise programs, paper text, demonstration documents, charts, maps, software and so on.
(2) supplies and equipment: mainly including a variety of emergency supplies, special equipment, office equipment, recording and video equipment, information display equipment.
(3) communications equipment: mainly including fixed phones, cell phones, walkie-talkies, marine phones, fax machines, computers, wireless LAN, video communications equipment and other supporting equipment, as far as possible, the use of existing communications equipment.
(4) Exercise scenario model: build the necessary simulation scenarios and devices and facilities.
3.4.5 Communication security
Emergency drill process emergency command organization, master planner, controller, participants, simulators, etc., there should be a timely and reliable information transfer channels. According to the needs of the exercise, you can use a variety of public or private communication systems, if necessary, can be set up to exercise special communication and information networks, to ensure that the exercise control information is transmitted quickly.
3.4.6 Security
Exercise organizers should attach great importance to the organization and implementation of the whole process of exercise security work. Large-scale or high-risk exercise activities should be in accordance with the provisions of the formulation of a special emergency plan, take preventive measures, and the key parts and links of the possible emergencies to carry out targeted drills. According to the needs of the drill personnel equipped with individual protective equipment, purchase commercial insurance. May affect public life, easy to cause public misunderstanding and panic emergency drills, should be issued in advance to the community to announce the content of the drill, time, location and organization, and do a good job of responding to the program, to avoid causing negative impacts.
The drill site should have the necessary security measures, if necessary, the drill site closed or control, to ensure the safety of the drill. Exercise in the event of unforeseen circumstances, the exercise commander-in-chief and other members of the leading group can terminate the exercise in advance.
4 Emergency drill implementation
4.1 Drill start
Drill before the official start of a short ceremony is generally held, by the drill commander announced the start of the drill and start the drill activities.
4.2 exercise implementation
4.2.1 exercise command and action
(1) The exercise commander-in-chief is responsible for the exercise implementation of the whole process of command and control. When the exercise commander-in-chief is not also the chief planner, the commander-in-chief is generally authorized by the chief planner to control the exercise process.
(2) In accordance with the requirements of the exercise program, the emergency command organization to command the participating teams and personnel, to carry out emergency response to the simulation of the exercise event, to complete the exercise activities.
(3) Drill controllers should have a full grasp of the drill program, according to the requirements of the master plan, proficiency in the release of control information, and coordination of the participants to complete the drill tasks.
(4) Participants in accordance with the control messages and instructions, in accordance with the procedures set out in the exercise program to carry out emergency response actions to complete the exercise activities.
(5) Simulators in accordance with the requirements of the exercise program, simulate the actions of units or personnel who did not participate in the exercise, and make information feedback.
4.2.2 Exercise process control
The master plan is responsible for controlling the exercise process according to the exercise program.
(1) Tabletop exercise process control
In the discussion tabletop exercise, the exercise activities are mainly centered on the discussion of the issues raised. By the master plan in oral or written form, the deployment of the introduction of one or more questions. Participants in accordance with the emergency plan and the relevant provisions of the discussion should take action.
In the role-playing or deduction type tabletop exercise, the master planner in accordance with the exercise program issued a control message, the participants received the event information, through role-playing or simulation operations, to complete the emergency response activities.
(2) The actual exercise process control
In the actual exercise, through the transmission of control messages to control the exercise process. The master plan in accordance with the exercise program to send control messages, control personnel to the participants and simulators to pass control messages. Participants and simulators receive the message, in accordance with the real event when the emergency response procedures, or according to the emergency action plan, to take the appropriate emergency response action.
Control messages can be manually transmitted, but also can use walkie-talkies, telephones, cell phones, fax machines, networks and other means of transmission, or through a specific sound, logo, video and other presentations. Exercise process, the controller should keep abreast of the progress of the exercise, and to the master planner to report to the exercise in the various problems.
4.2.3 Exercise narration
In the exercise implementation process, the exercise organization can arrange for a person to explain the exercise process. The content of the commentary generally includes a description of the background of the exercise, the process of explanation, case introduction, environmental rendering and so on. For a large-scale comprehensive demonstration of the script of the exercise, in accordance with the script of the commentary to explain.
4.2.4 Exercise records
Exercise implementation process, generally to arrange for specialized personnel, the use of text, photographs and audio-visual means to record the exercise process. Text records can generally be completed by the evaluators, including the actual start and end of the exercise time, the exercise process control, the exercise activities in the performance of the participants, accidents and their disposal, etc., in particular, a detailed record of possible personnel "casualties" (such as entering the "hazardous") In particular, it is necessary to record in detail the possible "casualties" (such as entering a "dangerous" place without safety protection, failing to complete the evacuation within the specified time, etc.) and property "losses" and so on.
Photographs and audio-visual recordings can be arranged for professionals and publicity personnel at different sites, different angles for filming, as far as possible, reflecting the full range of the implementation of the exercise.
4.2.5 Drill publicity
Drill publicity group in accordance with the drill publicity program to do a good job of publicity and reporting. Seriously do a good job of information collection, media organizations, radio and television programs on-site editing and broadcasting, to expand the publicity and educational effects of the exercise. The classified emergency drill to do a good job related to confidentiality.
4.3 The end of the exercise and termination
The exercise is completed, by the chief planner to issue an end signal, the exercise commander-in-chief announced the end of the exercise. After the end of the drill, all personnel to stop the drill activities, according to the scheduled program to gather for on-site summary of the evaluation or organization of the evacuation. The Ministry of Security is responsible for organizing personnel to clean up and restore the drill site.
Exercise implementation process in the following cases, the exercise leading group decided by the exercise commander-in-chief in accordance with the pre-specified procedures and instructions to terminate the exercise: (1) the emergence of real emergencies, the need to participate in emergency response personnel, to terminate the exercise, so that participants quickly return to their workplaces to fulfill the duties of emergency response; (2) the emergence of a special or accidental circumstances, a short period of time can not be (2) there is a special or unexpected circumstances, a short period of time can not be properly handled or resolved, can be terminated in advance of the exercise.
5 Emergency Drill Evaluation and Summary
5.1 Drill Evaluation
Drill evaluation is based on a comprehensive analysis of the drill records and related information, compared with the performance of the participants and the requirements of the objectives of the drill, the drill activities and its organization to make an objective evaluation, and prepare a drill evaluation report of the process. All emergency drills should be evaluated.
After the end of the exercise can be organized through the evaluation of the meeting, fill out the exercise evaluation form and the participants in the interviews, etc., but also can be required to participate in the exercise unit to provide self-assessment of the summary of the material, and further collection of exercise organization and implementation of the situation.
The main contents of the exercise evaluation report generally include the implementation of the exercise, the rationality and operability of the plan, the command and coordination of emergency commanders, the ability of the participants to deal with the ability of the exercise, the applicability of the equipment used in the exercise, the realization of the objectives of the exercise, the cost-benefit analysis of the exercise, and the improvement of the plan of the proposal and so on.
5.2 Summary of the exercise
Summary of the exercise can be divided into on-site summary and summary.
(1) On-site summarization. At the end of one or all phases of the exercise, by the exercise commander-in-chief, master planner, expert evaluation team leader in the exercise site targeted evaluation and summary. Content mainly includes the stage of the exercise objectives, the performance of the participating teams and personnel, the exercise exposed problems, solutions to the problem and so on.
(2) Post-exercise summary. At the end of the exercise, the paperwork team based on the exercise records, exercise evaluation reports, emergency plans, site summaries and other materials, the exercise for a systematic and comprehensive summary, and the formation of the exercise summary report. Drill participating units can also summarize the situation of their own drills.
The contents of the drill summary report include: the purpose of the drill, time and location, participating units and personnel, the drill program summary, found that the problem and the reasons, experience and lessons learned, as well as to improve the work of the recommendations.
5.3 The results of the application
On the problems exposed by the exercise, the exercise unit should take timely measures to improve, including modification and improvement of emergency plans, targeted to strengthen the education and training of emergency personnel, emergency supplies and equipment, such as systematic updating, and the establishment of the improvement of the task table, according to the specified time for the improvement of the situation of supervision and inspection.
5.4 Document filing and record
Exercise organizers should file and save the exercise plan, exercise program, exercise evaluation report, exercise summary report and other information after the end of the exercise.
For the higher authorities arranged or participated in the organization of the exercise, or laws, regulations, rules and regulations require the record of the exercise, the exercise organization should be reported to the relevant departments of the corresponding information for the record.
5.5 Appraisal and rewards and punishments
The drill organizer should pay attention to the evaluation of the participating units and personnel. For the outstanding performance in the exercise units and individuals, can be given recognition and reward; not in accordance with the requirements to participate in the exercise, or affect the normal conduct of the exercise, can be given the appropriate criticism.
6 Bylaws
6.1 Terminology
(1) exercise scenarios. Refers to the requirements of the objectives of the emergency exercise, according to the emergencies and the evolution of the law, the development of the incident assumed in advance, generally from the time of the incident, location, state characteristics, the scope of the wave, the surrounding environment, the possible consequences and the evolution of the process over time and other aspects of the description.
(2) Emergency response function. Emergency response process needs to be accomplished in the collection of certain tasks, these tasks are closely linked, *** with a functional module of emergency response. The more core emergency response functions include: receiving and information reporting, command and control, alarms and information bulletins, emergency communications, public **** relations, state of affairs monitoring and assessment, vigilance and security, crowd evacuation and resettlement, people search and rescue, medical rescue, life saving, engineering rescue, emergency transportation, emergency resource deployment.
(3) Emergency command organization. Emergency response plan for emergency command and coordination organizations, such as on-site command.
(4) Drill participants. Participate in the exercise activities of various types of personnel, mainly divided into the following categories:
Exercise leadership group: responsible for the organization and leadership of the exercise activities of the temporary institutions, generally including the leader, deputy leader, members.
Exercise commander-in-chief: responsible for the implementation of the exercise process of command and control, generally by the exercise leading group leader or a superior leader; deputy commander-in-chief to assist the exercise commander-in-chief of the exercise implementation process control.
Chief planner: responsible for organizing the exercise preparation and exercise implementation activities, in the exercise implementation process in the exercise under the authority of the commander-in-chief of the exercise process control; deputy chief planner is the chief planner's assistant to assist the chief planner to carry out their work.
Copywriter: refers to the exercise plan and program design and other paperwork personnel.
Evaluator: an expert or professional who is responsible for observing and recording the progress of the exercise and evaluating the exercise.
Controller: the person who guides and controls the process of the emergency drill by issuing control messages and instructions according to the drill program and on-site situation.
Participants: refers to the emergency exercise activities in the specific task of the exercise, the need to simulate the event scenarios for emergency response actions.
Simulation personnel: refers to the exercise process to play, instead of some emergency response agencies and services, or simulated victims of the incident.
Logistical support personnel: refers to the exercise process to provide security, equipment, supplies and other logistical support personnel.
Observers: refers to the process of observing the exercise of other types of personnel.
(5) exercise control messages. Refers to the exercise process to the exercise personnel event information, generally used to prompt the emergence of event scenarios and guide and control the exercise process.
(6) exercise planning. Refers to the exercise organization according to the actual situation, according to relevant laws and regulations and emergency plans, for a certain period of time all kinds of emergency exercise activities to make the overall planning arrangements, usually including the frequency of emergency drills, scale, form, time and location.
( exercise plan. Refers to the basic concept of the exercise to be held and the preliminary arrangements for preparatory activities, generally including the purpose of the exercise, mode, time, location, schedule, budget and security measures.
(8) exercise program. The content generally includes the purpose of the exercise, exercise scenarios, exercise implementation steps, evaluation criteria and methods, logistics, safety precautions.
(9) exercise evaluation. Professionals in a comprehensive analysis of the exercise records and related information on the basis of comparison of the performance of the participants and the exercise objectives, the exercise and its organizational process to make an objective evaluation, and preparation of the exercise assessment report.