In the field of medicine, traditional Chinese medicine is a highly practical professional discipline, which not only requires students to master solid theoretical knowledge, but also requires students to have strong hands-on, analyze and solve practical problems. The following is the traditional Chinese medicine graduation thesis that I have organized for you for your reference.
Chinese medicine graduation thesis Model Article 1
Introduction to the subject construction and talent training of clinical Chinese medicine
Clinical Chinese medicine refers to the comprehensive discipline under the guidance of the traditional Chinese medicine theory, with the patient as the main body, to study the role of traditional Chinese medicines or their preparations in the body and the mechanism and the reasonableness of the clinical use of medication, the effectiveness of the evaluation of the safety and the application of the law.
However, due to the great differences between Chinese and Western medicines in terms of structure, compounding, and function and treatment, the application of Western clinical pharmacy in proprietary Chinese medicines and herbal formulas is stretched to the limit, so clinical Chinese pharmacology, which is based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine and clinical pharmacy, came into being [1-3]. Clinical pharmacology as an emerging discipline, its discipline construction and personnel training are in the groping stage, the unit was established in 2015, the master's degree enrollment of clinical pharmacology, and the successful enrollment in that year, the discipline of discipline construction, personnel training programs and experience to do a summary for colleagues to refer to the wisdom.
1 Cultivation targets and objectives
Similar to western clinical pharmacy, clinical Chinese pharmacy is a discipline that aims to provide medical institutions with clinical and scientific research capabilities of clinical Chinese pharmacists, and in order to meet the clinical needs, clinical Chinese pharmacists need to have multiple educational backgrounds and capabilities in Chinese medicine, Chinese pharmacy and scientific research. Therefore, the training of clinical Chinese pharmacists should have at least an undergraduate education background in Chinese medicine or traditional Chinese medicine, and in the process of training, they need to master the methods and means of providing patients with safe, effective, economical, and rationalized medication, and to discover the problems of Chinese medicine and solve problems in clinical practice as the ultimate goal of training [4-6].
2 Cultivation Mode and Program
2.1 Cultivation Timeframe and Arrangement
The cultivation timeframe of this discipline is 3 years (6 semesters), with the first semester completing theoretical courses in the headquarter of the university, the second semester to the fifth semester focusing on clinical practice and scientific research, and the sixth semester completing the dissertation and defending, i.e., the cultivation mode of ?1+4+1.
2.2 Cultivation Mode
A supervisory group consisting of graduate student supervisors, pharmacy departments of hospitals and experts in the field is formed to supervise and cultivate the graduate students. Since the admission of postgraduates, the supervisory group will discuss and formulate the training program according to the training program, the background of the topic and personal characteristics, and start to implement the program after the postgraduates have completed the theoretical courses. Postgraduates are required to report regularly to the supervisory group on the progress of their studies and projects, and the supervisory group will guide or correct any problems, and organize experts to conduct the opening of the project, mid-term report, and defense.
2.3 Cultivation Program of Theoretical Courses
The theoretical learning goal of this discipline is to have basic scientific research ideas and professional theoretical knowledge under the premise of ideological and political correctness, so the courses are divided into three types: compulsory public **** courses, compulsory professional courses and professional elective courses, see Table 1. compulsory public **** courses for the study of political ideology, the dialectical method of nature, and English; compulsory professional courses for scientific research ideas and statistical methods. Conduct scientific research ideas and scientific research statistical method training; professional elective courses are personalized according to the needs of the research direction and personal interest, professional knowledge reserves (at least 3 electives).
It is worth mentioning that, because Clinical Chinese Medicine is in its embryonic stage, the types of courses are not rich enough to satisfy the theoretical knowledge intake of each research direction, therefore, postgraduates are allowed to take relevant professional elective courses in other institutions directly under the Ministry of Education, and the credits will be recognized after passing the grades. This not only meets the requirements for theoretical knowledge of each research direction, but also promotes the rapid development and improvement of the discipline.
2.4 Cultivation Program of Clinical Practice
2.4.1 General Requirements and Objectives Clinical Chinese medicine is a discipline that is inextricably linked with clinical medicine, and therefore, it requires postgraduates of the specialty to be personally integrated into the clinical work, which is the most important part of the whole cultivation process. Therefore, the total duration of the clinical practice program is 24 months (4 semesters), and it insists on the principle of combining theory and practice with an emphasis on the practice, in order to provide postgraduates with the ability to perform clinical practice after graduation. With the overall goal that postgraduates should have the practical skills of clinical Chinese medicine and the ability to solve Chinese medicine problems on their own after graduation, the clinical practice training is carried out with reference to the "standardized training standards for resident pharmacists" of western medicine, and the clinical practice training is carried out by the supervisors and clinical teachers of the rotating departments for the postgraduates [7-9].
2.4.2 Practice content and arrangement Clinical practice in this discipline is mainly divided into 2 phases, and the duration of each phase is 12 months.
(1) General Practice Stage
This stage requires postgraduates to rotate through various positions in the pharmacy department of the hospital, including outpatient pharmacy, herbal pharmacy, ward pharmacy, pharmacy, pharmacy, pharmacy inspection room, preparation room, etc. The aim is to familiarize themselves with and master the main occupational skills of the clinical pharmacist through practice.
① Outpatient Pharmacy Training Program Graduate students in this position need to master the basic skills of prescription review, dispensing and issuing medication; need to be familiar with the method and process of reporting adverse drug reactions and ? They should be familiar with the method and process of reporting adverse drug reactions and the management of special drugs such as essence, anesthesia, poison and radiation. The postgraduates should be familiar with the methods and procedures of reporting adverse drug reactions and the management methods and procedures of special drugs such as essence, anesthesia, poison, radiation and so on. Drug Administration Law The company should be familiar with the Drug Administration Law, the Drug Control Law, and the Drug Control Regulations. Prescription Management Measures and other laws and regulations, the characteristics of the use of proprietary Chinese medicines and the principle of medication, the characteristics of the use of medication for special populations and the principle of medication.
② Herbal Pharmacy Training Program Graduate students in this position need to master the basic skills of herbal prescription review, mixing and distribution of drugs; familiar with at least 100 kinds of commonly used Chinese herbal medicine tablets identification characteristics, the management of special tablets and processes; understanding of decoction procedures, operation and maintenance of facilities, decoction of finished products quality control technology. The internship will last for about 3 months.
③ Ward pharmacy training program Graduate students in this position need to master the name of commonly used proprietary Chinese medicines, functional mainstays, specifications, dosage, indications, contraindications, adverse reactions and precautions, and review of the medical prescription, the basic skills of mixing and dispensing, and the basic skills of? The management of special drugs, such as hemp, essence, poison, release, etc. The management of special drugs, such as numbness, essence, poison, radiation, etc.; need to be familiar with the method of evaluation of the relevance of adverse drug reactions, the characteristics of medication for special populations and the principles of medication, the use and maintenance of automated equipment in the pharmacy, and need to understand the management of the base drugs in the ward. The internship will last about 3 months.
④ Pharmacy training program Graduate students in this position need to master the identification of Chinese medicine tablets and storage methods, Chinese medicine procurement, storage workflow and requirements, storage methods for special drugs; need to be familiar with the management of drug pricing information, hospital pharmacy system and drug procurement management procedures; need to understand the basic knowledge of pharmacoeconomics. The internship will last about 1 month.
⑤ Pharmacy Training Program Graduate students in this position need to master the quality management of drugs and common hospital preparation testing methods; need to be familiar with the content and process of drug quality control work,? The program is designed to help the students to understand the quality control methods of drugs and common hospital preparation inspection methods. and the Chinese Pharmacopoeia on drug quality testing, and need to understand the tracking process and evaluation report of drug quality problems. The internship will last for about 1 month.
⑥ Preparation room training program Graduate students in this position need to be familiar with the operation methods of Chinese medicine boiling and extraction, pre-treatment of Chinese medicine, extraction, refining, preparation molding and other technologies; need to understand the methods of Chinese herbal concoctions, Chinese medicine characteristics of the technical heritage. The internship in this position is about 1 month, need to complete at least 10 batches of preparation preparation, need to carry out at least 1 daily maintenance of the permanent preparation.
(2) Specialty practice stage
This stage is completed in the clinical pharmacy and clinical departments. Graduate students master the basic workflow and skills of the clinical pharmacist through the study in the clinical pharmacy and then select a clinical department for more in-depth specialty practice in clinical pharmacy according to the research direction and background of the tutors. Under the guidance of the mentors and clinical instructors, the students participate in daily medical activities and develop clinical thinking and the ability to deal with clinical Chinese medicine problems.
①Clinical Pharmacy Room Training Program Graduate students in this position need to master the review of medical prescriptions and intervention skills, therapeutic drug monitoring data analysis and evaluation, provide individualized medication recommendations, principles of treatment or therapeutic guidelines of traditional Chinese medicines, drug information retrieval and evaluation, drug counseling, patient education, medication history writing, and communication with healthcare professionals and patients skills; need to be familiar with the development of the pharmacy monitoring program and implementation of the program. Characteristics of special populations and the principle of medication, clinical pharmacy work content and process; need to understand the pharmacy room, clinical consultation and case discussion.
② clinical training program According to the direction of the tutor's research or clinical needs, graduate students will be assigned to the relevant clinical departments, through the exchange of doctors, nurses, patients, to find and solve the problem of clinical Chinese medicine, in the specific clinical practice to improve the application of knowledge and skills of clinical Chinese medicine, and at the same time, through the specialization of Chinese medicine services, standardize the clinical use of medication, and promote the safe, effective, economical and rational use of doctors and patients. The program is designed to promote the safe, effective, economical, and rational use of medicines by doctors and patients.
2.5 Research Training Program
Under the guidance of the supervisor, the postgraduates, according to the research direction and the background of the topic, independently review the literature, combine with the clinical problems of traditional Chinese medicine, determine the selected topic, and write the opening report and literature review.
According to the opinion of the assessment expert group, after further modifying the content of the selected topic and formulating a detailed scientific research plan, they will go into the grassroots field and the first line of work of traditional Chinese medicine, and carry out research on the research and evaluation of clinical application of traditional Chinese medicines, individualized medication use and practice, drug safety and medication security, and finally obtain the conclusions or solutions with scientific, rigorous, and certain practical reference value and write a thesis. Thesis writing.
3 Reflections and Ideas
The relationship between academic discipline construction and talent training is complementary, and they are both based on ? people? As the main body, the ultimate purpose of discipline construction is to cultivate talents, and the cultivated talents can promote the rapid development of the discipline [10-12], and this is especially true for the emerging discipline of clinical Chinese medicine. The construction of the discipline is always to provide clinical pharmacists to medical institutions as the starting point and ultimate goal, only the output and configuration of professionals can truly standardize the rational use of medication in the clinic, and the clinical pharmacists in clinical practice and postgraduate students? Clinical pharmacists in clinical practice and to postgraduate students can help, pass on and bring up the students. The clinical pharmacists in their clinical practice and the postgraduate students can help, pass on and bring up the students, which in turn can promote the development of the discipline towards standardization and rationalization. On the construction program of this unit of the discipline, the following points of thought and vision.
3.1 Integration of teaching resources, expanding the scale of training
Admittedly, the discipline of clinical Chinese medicine is in the exploratory stage, the lack of recognized, standardized personnel training process, so the first priority at this stage is the integration of all the existing clinical, teaching and scientific research resources, and strive to provide graduate students with an enriched, formal and rigorous training environment for their learning and development. Therefore, the first priority at this stage is to integrate all the existing clinical, teaching and research resources to provide a rich, formal and rigorous training environment for postgraduates, so that they can develop their horizons on the basis of specialization and growth and seamlessly connect with clinical practice. Secondly, all medical colleges and universities should establish clinical Chinese medicine majors and expand the share of enrollment, so that the number of talents in this specialty will grow in a gradient, so as to avoid the occurrence of a talent gap. Thirdly, the selection and training of discipline leaders should be accelerated to play the role of ? Leader? The role of the individual units to form a dominant discipline, and rapidly promote the construction of the discipline.
3.2 Moderate policy support and standardization of training mode
As an emerging discipline, without the support of the government health department and various medical units will be difficult, and clinical pharmacology can promote the clinical safety, effective, economic and rational use of medication is evident ****, so I hope that decision makers increase the construction of the discipline to promote its rapid development [13-15]. On the other hand, clinical Chinese pharmacy should refer to the training mode of western clinical pharmacy, and set up a clinical Chinese pharmacist training base in a tertiary hospital with more professional strength, select the Chinese pharmacists of each basic unit for a one-year standardized training, and issue a certificate of clinical Chinese pharmacist to those who are qualified in the assessment after completion, so as to standardize the clinical Chinese pharmacy work of each unit. In addition, a variety of on-the-job training and continuing education should also be vigorously carried out, which on the one hand can rapidly expand the scope of training in clinical Chinese medicine, and on the other hand, also promotes the improvement of the skills of the Chinese pharmacists in each unit and the extension of the profession.
3.3 Absorbing the knowledge and experience of multiple disciplines and giving full play to the unique advantages of Chinese medicine
Clinical Chinese medicine is a cross-discipline, a product of the combination of multiple disciplines, such as traditional Chinese medicine, traditional Chinese pharmacy, clinical pharmacology of western medicine, evidence-based medicine, and clinical scientific research, etc., so the construction of this discipline should not be limited only to the teaching of the existing faculty, but also to the development of individualized training programs according to the characteristics of different research directions. The advantages of other disciplines are fully drawn from, but also enriched the content and depth of the discipline, the unit's theoretical courses across the university elective is a major breakthrough in this regard!
Of course, the foundation of clinical Chinese medicine is the traditional Chinese medicine theory, so in the construction of the discipline and the training of talents can not be completely applied to the training mode of western clinical pharmacy, the discipline must be based on the traditional Chinese medicine theory, to play the characteristics of Chinese medicine, centering on the compounding of proprietary Chinese medicine, Chinese and Western medicines and Chinese and Western medicines, dosage of Chinese herbs and decoctions, the monitoring of adverse reactions, clinical medication counseling and the promotion and education of Chinese medicine. The work of Chinese medicine publicity and education, and clinical drug counseling, pCms prescription review as an entry point to standardize the safe, effective, economical and rational use of Chinese medicine by health care patients.
3.4 Conclusion
Admittedly, this unit has just carried out the discipline construction and talent training of clinical Chinese medicine in 2015, and all aspects of its construction are groping, which is precisely in line with the current situation of clinical Chinese medicine in China, but we believe that, through the continuous exploration, challenges and attempts of everyone, we will ultimately figure out a characteristic road suitable for the rapid development of clinical Chinese medicine;; clinical Chinese pharmacists will also be able to develop a new way of clinical Chinese medicine with the rapid development of clinical Chinese medicine in China. Clinical Chinese pharmacists will also get the trust and support of doctors, nurses and patients as they shine in the clinic! Hope colleagues *** with efforts, *** cast clinical pharmacy tomorrow's glory!
Chinese medicine graduation thesis sample article 2An introduction to the prospects for the development of Chinese medicine
Inheritance and development is the prerequisite, development is the best inheritance, the development of Chinese medicine is inseparable from the combination of Chinese and Western medicine. However, both the development of traditional Chinese medicine and the combination of Chinese and Western medicine still have some puzzling problems at present. Among them are the problems of understanding and the change of scientific concepts. Now the scientific exploration of Chinese medicine to explore this issue as follows.
1 Chinese medicine modern research confusion and thinking
1.1 Westernization of traditional Chinese medicine
In the past, most of the scientific research on traditional Chinese medicine, most of the exploration of traditional Chinese medicine Westernization. Because no matter how they are expressed, the core is to find, isolate and purify the so-called active ingredients from the existing traditional Chinese medicines. active ingredient? Or chemical monomer, most of its target is the disease of western medicine, and this is not exactly the development of western medicine? Such as artemisinin, canthaxanthin, etc., most of them have lost the expression of the theory of Chinese medicine and the application of the principle of China's Pharmacopoeia has also been classified as a Western drug. The westernization of Chinese medicine may be a shortcut to the discovery or creation of new western medicines, however, there are obvious shortcomings as a path to the development of Chinese medicine. Firstly, from the results of westernization of Chinese medicines, although there are successful examples, they are very few in comparison with the number of Chinese medicines as a whole. Secondly, from the point of view of the current development of western medicine, the development of modern western medicine itself seems to be caught in a labyrinth that cannot be walked out of. maze? In view of the clinical toxicity and side effects of existing drugs and pathogen resistance and other problems, people bear the pain of denying the use of a batch of drugs after batch of the value of the use of drugs, and constantly seeking to synthesize new drugs.
1.2 Combination of Chinese and Western medicines
The combination of Chinese and Western medicines can be traced back to Zhang Xichun's Zhongzhong Ganshi Lu. Due to the difference in emphasis and experience between Chinese medicine and Western medicine, the combination of Chinese and Western medicines has in many cases resulted in better clinical outcomes than either Chinese or Western medicines alone. However, since Chinese and Western medicines belong to two different medical theories and have different clinical indications, combining them without the guidance of a suitable combination theory, especially under the conditions that Western medicine theories are getting stronger and Chinese medicine theories are getting weaker, will not only inevitably result in a far-fetched and biased use of medication theories and methodologies, but also affect their clinical efficacy, or even lead to serious clinical toxic side effects.
These are the most important factors in the development of a new generation of drugs, and they are the most important ones.
2.1 The whole is greater than the sum of its parts
? The whole is greater than the sum of its parts? is a philosophical concept in ancient Greece. However, due to the fact that in ? one-factor linear analysis? the excellent achievements made on it, modern medicine and even modern science as a whole has ignored this point. For example, modern medicine not only focuses on the understanding and grasping of each factor in the occurrence of disease, although it also uses compound prescriptions, or there are often more than two kinds of drugs used in the prescription, but mostly for different? The cause of the disease? And each fighting for the platter; it also attaches importance to the interaction between drugs, but it is mostly limited to two drugs. The Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment not only emphasizes on the diagnosis to be? The four diagnostic combination of the reference? The Chinese medicine not only emphasizes on diagnosis, but also on the formation of a holistic approach. The diagnosis and treatment of Chinese medicine not only emphasizes the integration of the four diagnoses in diagnosis to form a whole. but also in the treatment, it also adopts the theory of Junchen Zuojie to form a whole prescription of Chinese medicines for experimentation and observation. For example, it was found that the combination of Gentian Diarrhea and Liver Soup with Guanmutong plus Liuweidihuang Pill and Guanmutong plus Yin-nourishing herbs could significantly reduce the content of aristolochic acid A in the decoction; the reduction of aristolochic acid A in the decoction between Guanmutong plus water medicine and Guanmutong plus heat-clearing herbs was not significant; and Guanmutong plus licorice and Guanmutong plus epiphyllum could significantly increase the content of aristolochic acid A in the decoction. After Guanmutong was fried with charcoal, fried with talcum powder and fried with wheat bran, the aristolochic acid A content in its decoction was significantly reduced (P<0.01) [1]. Contemporary famous doctors with epiphyllum, Li Ke maximum amount of a day and night up to 600 grams, Zhu Weiju maximum amount in 45 grams, Jiang Chunhua with 9 grams, while Li Hanqing with 0.3 grams cured patients with heart failure, the maximum difference between them up to 2,000 times, and all achieved ? The maximum difference was 2000 times, and all of them achieved the clinical efficacy [2]. clinical efficacy [2]. This is the concept of traditional science can not be understood, which should cause us to pay enough attention.
2.2 Holistic is not the same as macroscopic
The holistic concept is one of the major strengths of Chinese medicine, but holistic is not the same as macroscopic. The latter is only the understanding and grasp of macro laws, while the former emphasizes the interconnection and interaction between things. Because of the interconnection and interaction between things, the whole has a ? non-linear? and? The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. and other characteristics of complexity science; so that the characteristics of the whole not only depends on the composition of the substance, but also by the relationship between the substance and the composition of the way to determine. Such as? Butterfly effect? Can only be produced in a particular complex meteorological conditions; due to the prescription of traditional Chinese medicine, the dose and concoction of different, so that the role of its prescription is very different and so on. Then, the development of traditional Chinese medicine should not only pay attention to its active ingredients and other material research, but also should not ignore its compound prescription, preparation and its clinical diagnosis and treatment of the law of knowledge. The efficacy and toxicity of traditional Chinese medicine, neither can the composition alone, nor simply based on the size of the dose to determine; but to take into account its diagnosis and treatment, prescription and preparation of herbs and many other factors.
2.3 The overall understanding of the need for microscopic but must change the scientific concept
The overall understanding of not only the need for microscopic, and with the understanding of the method of observation and indicators of microscopic and microscopic, just to the concept of complexity science as a guide. This is because: (1) the recognition, analysis and treatment of the state of evidence, constantly need new indicators, new methods and new drugs to improve, develop and enrich its level, ability and means. Such as some people will microscope (and electron microscope, X-ray, ultrasound, etc.) called? Magnifying eye? , the stethoscope, etc. called? Magnifying ear? It enables us to see and hear the phenomena that we have not been able to see in the past. Again, such as warm disease science to say that the wet temperature lingering difficult to cure, because the wet evil heavy sticky, wet and hot, such as oil into the face; but such as enteric typhus, leptospirosis, brucellosis and other wet temperature temperature, known today is not? Lingering difficult to cure? , because the treatment with special antibiotics, much can quickly contain the disease [3]. (2) Chinese medicine or the identification and treatment of the state of the evidence, analysis and treatment, although traditionally based on macro-indicators and natural plant and animal medicines; but it is not static, and every time with the introduction of new indicators, new drugs and new methods, have brought about a leap and development of clinical efficacy and identification and treatment of the law of the understanding of the law. Modern research in Chinese medicine should not only pay attention to the understanding of the characteristics and laws of each factor, each drug or even single substance, but also should not neglect the research on the comprehensive effect of Chinese medicine compound, prescription, dosage and concoction, and especially the laws of clinical diagnosis and treatment; and under the new historical conditions, on the basis of the introduction of new indexes, drugs and methods, summarize the new rules of diagnosis and treatment (symptomatic state), analyze and treat. The study will also summarize the new rules of diagnosis and treatment (state of symptoms) based on the introduction of new indicators and new methods, so as to better enrich and develop the science of traditional Chinese medicine.
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