In recent years, China's economy has achieved sustained and stable growth, home appliances, automobiles, cell phones, PC, appliances and other industries benefited from the favorable external environment has also achieved rapid development, the development of the next industry further boosted the demand for plastic.
"2013-2017 China's plastic parts industry production and sales demand and investment forecast analysis report" data show that in 2010 China's plastic parts industry **** there are 2,286 enterprises, the industry realized gross industrial output value of 107.649 billion yuan, an increase of 24.54%; sales revenue of 106.125 billion yuan, an increase of 26.38%.
Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, China's automotive, home appliances, consumer electronics, equipment and other industries will continue to maintain rapid development, these industries will continue to expand the demand for plastic parts, while the demand will also show high-end, precision trend.
It is expected that during the twelfth five-year period, China's plastic parts industry sales scale will reach 170 billion yuan.
According to the CIC survey, in recent years, China's plastic parts industry, technological innovation capacity has been further strengthened, the number of enterprise technology research and development centers continue to increase; industrial structure, enterprise structure and product structure continue to adjust the degree of industrial concentration gradually upgraded; the overall advantage of the industry has been further enhanced and strengthened, and the gap with the developed countries on the international level is gradually narrowing, and certain aspects of the world's advanced level, entering the transition from a large country to an advanced and powerful country. level, entering a critical period of sustainable development from a large country to an advanced power.
Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Guangdong and other places in the plastic parts industry is booming, both in terms of the number of enterprises, or the scale of production and sales are in the national leading position, the industry's regional concentration is relatively high.
At the same time, domestic enterprises in recent years has also achieved rapid development, the industry's leading enterprises to further enhance the strength.
But at the same time, foreign advanced enterprises are also optimistic about the domestic market, and gradually increase investment, NaiPuLuo, Herbie International Group, Annenberg Group and other multinationals to enter the industry to make the competition more intense.
Plastic tester in recent years, with the rapid development of the plastics industry and plastic performance continues to improve, plastic parts have been more widely used, plastic parts are in different areas to replace the traditional metal parts, a reasonably well-designed plastic parts are often able to replace more than one of the traditional metal parts, so as to simplify the structure of the product, the purpose of cost savings.
So for plastic applications on plastic precision requirements and combined with market analysis, recommended for plastic testing instruments are MUMA portable imaging instrument, VMS series optical image measuring instrument, VML series 3D optical image measuring instrument and so on Plastic in Chinese and English plastic pinyin: su
jiao plastic in English: plastic
Basic concepts of plastic-plastic cement cement basic concept of plastic plastic definition (American Society of Plastics Industry): mainly composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen and other organic or inorganic elements, the finished product is a solid, in the process of molten liquid, so it can be heated to make it melt, pressurized to make it flow, cooled to make it solidify, and form a variety of shapes, this huge and varied material community called plastic.
The main application of plastic plastic parts are widely used in every field of modern life, such as household appliances, instruments, wires and cables, construction equipment, communications and electronics, automotive industry, aerospace, daily use of hardware and so on.
The application of plastic is so wide, the use of such a convenient, so that brought, in some areas people have to carry out the "plastic ban".
Raw materials 1. The main components of plastic raw materials are carbon-containing compounds.
2. Plastic raw materials: polymer resin (polymer) as the main ingredient, infiltration of a variety of auxiliary materials or agents, at a specific temperature, pressure, plasticity and fluidity, can be molded into a certain shape, and under certain conditions to maintain the shape of the material unchanged.
3.
Polymer: refers to the pure material produced by the polymerization process or polymerized material. Whether natural resins or resins are polymers, referred to as polymers.
4. Plastic on electricity, heat, sound with good insulation: electrical insulation, arc resistance, thermal insulation, sound insulation, sound absorption, vibration absorption, muffling performance.
Plastic raw materials are mostly refined from some of the oil, the most familiar part of the PC material is refined from oil,
PC material in the burning of a gasoline smell; ABS is refined from coal,
ABS in the burning of the end of the extinction of the time will be sooty; POM is refined from natural gas,
POM in the burning of the time will be sooty;
POM is the natural gas,
POM is refined,
POM is refined,
POM is refined. POM will have a very stinky gas odor when burned out.
Plastic coloring plastic coloring is the key to plastic coloring, only with a good color, in order to come out with the right color products.
In the process of color matching, first of all, we should find out the application requirements of the products, and according to the coloring properties of plastic materials, select the applicable coloring agent.
When selecting color, technicians should strictly check the color, coloring power, dispersion, performance, balanced stability, mixing and cost of available pigments, then they can select the pigments to be used, and initially determine the dosage.
The good or bad effect of color selection and color matching depends on the technical knowledge of the technicians, but also requires the technicians to have sound visual function.
At the same time to rely on high-tech color matching instruments and equipment.
This article on plastic color matching procedures and color matching methods.
1.
Color matching procedure color matching is one of the important aspects of coloring, color matching is preferred to carry out the initial design, and then is the initial adjustment, so that it is suitable for large-scale production, and to ensure that the uniformity of the color consistency of plastic products.
1.1
Preliminary design (1)
According to the requirements of the overall design of the plastic products, to find out with the standard color samples similar to the sample as a reference.
The proper selection of the reference is directly related to the coloring effect.
In order to facilitate the search for a better coloring reference, usually should be more accumulated, more coloring plastic color plate or plastic color for reference, but also should be their own color selection experience and lessons learned into the corresponding coloring for reference.
(2) in the absence of reference, should carefully observe and analyze the plastic products (samples) of the pigment, hue and brightness, etc., to determine the color attributes, to determine the color used is transparent or opaque color, which contains other special pigments (such as fluorescent pigments, metallic pigments, etc.), and then according to the color system color of the color of the Memphis.
(3) Repeatedly compare the difference with the standard color sample and the reference from the hue, brightness, intensity, etc., on the basis of which the coloring agent of the reference is corrected and the preliminary is formulated.
Or in accordance with the principle of calibration of the Menzel color system to design the required color, and formulate a preliminary.
1.2
Adjustment
Adjustment
According to the proposed preliminary physical coloring test, the coloring of the actual sample will be compared with the standard color samples and the reference together, and further adjustments to the coloring.
Then adjusted according to the actual sample again for comparison, and then adjusted, and so on for many times, until the actual sample color tone and standard color samples or to achieve the closest standard color samples to the degree of satisfaction.
Finalize the coloring for production.
But the selected color is usually not the same as the actual production of plastic products in the color, the cause of these differences is largely due to color weighing errors.
So how to make the color matching accurate? How to make color matching in continuous production is consistent? The accuracy of color matching is based on the selection of accurate pigment (dye), pigment (dye) selection is based on the understanding of the effect achieved by the product and the observation of the sample, understanding and observation of the sample depends on the experience and skills of the color matching personnel.
At present, there are many units adopting instrumental color matching, but there are still some units still adopting manual visual inspection method for color matching.
Manual visual color matching method is simple, but requires the visual inspection personnel have a lot of experience.
Two objects in the same light source (such as daylight), the color may be different.
Similarly, two objects may be exactly the same color to one observer and different to another.
We call these two objects conditionally isochromatic or conditionally isochromatic pairs, also called conditional color matches or variable color matches.
If two objects are required to look the same under any light source, it means that the spectral reflection curves of the two objects must be the same.
This type of color matching is called unconditional or non-variable color matching.
Invariable color matching requires that the same colorant be used in the color-matched samples.
It is not possible to tint plastics to the point of non-variable color matching.
There are a number of reasons for this, such as the fact that the dispersion of the same pigment varies from one plastic to another; in one plastic, it is sometimes necessary to make a matting or toning adjustment to remove other tones from the original plastic; whereas in another plastic, such an adjustment may not be necessary.
Understanding these circumstances, we do in the actual color process to do in mind, not to pursue the immutable color.
Since the colors we match are variable color, then we should be which conditions prevail? This is to analyze specific problems, the principle is to try to simulate the final use of the product environment to observe the color.
If the product is ultimately used in the outdoors, then the color should also be in the natural light in the color selection.
2.
Color Matching Methods 2.1 Visual Color MatchingAn experienced colorist must have a relatively clear idea of the colorants he needs before matching colors.
To master the general rule of colorant mixing coloring, but also should be used in the performance of the colorant, such as hue, color light, mobility, heat resistance, weather resistance, chemical stability, etc. have a clearer understanding, while accumulating representative of a variety of plastics coloring samples and color matching.
Before finding a suitable colorant, it is necessary to carry out a large number of tests, and the same color repeatedly color mixing until the desired color is obtained.
Obviously, the visual color-matching method is a trial-and-error method and is not very scientific.
Since this method is relatively simple and practical, it is still widely used.
But this method is very time-consuming, requires more experience, otherwise it will be difficult to do.
2.2 Instrumental color matching instrumental color matching method is based on the visual color matching method derived.
This method uses spectrophotometer and other measuring instruments instead of the human eye and brain functions.
The trial-and-error process of color proportions is carried out by computer simulation without the actual mixing of the plastic for coloring.
All the operator needs to do is measure the reflectance, which is its standard value, and select the pigments to be used to match the color.
The measurement system is brought into line with the standard conversion value by adjusting the concentration of the color-matching pigment.
If the author selects a pigment that makes sense, the system outputs one as a mass fraction, and then converts the percentage to a mass ratio.
If (qualitatively) we know what kind of colorant is used in the sample, the computer can easily calculate the actual amount of each pigment (dye) used in the sample.
But often do not know the samples of the colorants used, in this case, the sample can be used to match the chromaticity coordinates.
There are a number of analytical and empirical relationships that are used to select the appropriate colorant and to determine the concentration to be applied to each.
The establishment of these relationships requires extensive calculations.
The use of computers can reduce the time for the entire color matching process to as little as ten minutes.
One color can be formulated from several containing different pigments.
These have different performance characteristics and compositions.
Color matching instruments and computers can be used to derive a variety of colors for color matching personnel to choose, to see in the end is a small number of expensive organic pigments economy, or a large number of inexpensive inorganic pigments cost-effective, so that people have a greater range of options.
Additionally, the instrumental and visual color matching of fluorescent materials is very difficult, because fluorescence is a new variable, and when two specimens are compared under different light sources, different results may appear.
Not only does the light source affect the observation of the specimen, but the angle between the incident light and the observation position also affects the observation of the specimen.
3.
Color matching process should pay attention to the problem of color
Color mixing should first pay attention to the color of the coloring agent color light, each coloring agent in addition to its own color, there are their own color light, that is, compared with the determination of the standard color of the existence of a more minor pigment, that is, known as the color light.
such as phthalocyanine green with yellow light, chrome yellow with red light.
If the chromium yellow and phthalocyanine green collocation, must be avoided due to the intervention of the red light in the chromium yellow, there are red, yellow, blue three basic color collocation, so that the color of the match is dark.
So want to get bright colors, the two colorants together, we must pay attention to the interference of the phase against the color light.
In the actual preparation of pure red, can be used LISO red and sunlight resistant red coloring collocation, is their yellow, blue (violet) and other color light offset, while adding white coloring agent to improve its brightness.
Classification according to the thermal properties and performance of thermoplastics: softened by heat and can be repeatedly heated molding such as polyvinyl chloride plastics, polypropylene plastics thermosetting plastics: cured by heat and shaped can not be heated again melt molding, such as
phenolic plastics, urea-formaldehyde plastics according to the use of points of the general-purpose plastics: the production of large quantities of such as
polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC engineering plastics such as
Polycarbonate, polysulfone, polyphenylene ether, polyamide, polyformaldehyde special plastics such as plastics, conductive plastics, high-temperature plastics, environmental protection issues since its inception, plastics have been widely used, but at the same time, also produce serious environmental problems.
Plastic waste is difficult to decompose naturally, resulting in an increase in solid waste; if it flows into the ocean, it will also lead to accidental ingestion of marine organisms, asphyxiation, poisoning, etc., affecting the marine ecosystem; the incineration of plastic waste will also cause air pollution, and part of the plastics, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polycarbonate (Polycarbonates) under certain conditions or will release harmful substances or
Endocrine disruptors, which are the main cause of the plastic waste, are the most common in the world.
Endocrine disruptors, which can jeopardize the reproductive function of organisms, are also known as endocrine disruptors.
Therefore, reducing the use of plastics has become an important part of environmental protection.
Recycling classificationIn order to facilitate the recycling of plastics, the
Society
of
the
Plastics
Industry,
Inc.,
USA has proposed a labeling system that utilizes the types of plastics to classify them: "Resin" (树脂)
Industry,
Inc. (USA) proposed a labeling system that uses the type of plastic to classify products: "Resin
Identification
Code," often translated as "Plastic Material Code" or "Plastic Code" (Resin
Industry,
Inc. (often translated as "Plastic Material Code" or "Plastic Code").
Recyclable plastic containers come with a triangular label surrounded by three arrows indicating the type of plastic.
China's national standard (GB18455-2001) states that
plastic packaging products or plastic containers with a volume/volume greater than 100 milliliters
plastic packaging products or plastic containers must be visually labeled with plastic recycling labels: logo
Abbreviation
Name
Purpose PET
Polyethylene terephthalate. Also often called polyester
Commonly used in PET bottles.
HDPE
High-density polyethylene is commonly used in detergent containers, milk bottles, and supermarket bags.
PVC
Polyvinyl chloride
Commonly found in
pipes, outdoor furniture, raincoats.
LDPE
Low-density polyethylene is commonly used in
hose packaging for toothpaste or face wash.
PP
Polypropylene
Commonly used in
bottle caps, straws, microwave food containers.
PS
Polystyrene is categorized as unfoamed or foamed.
Unfoamed that is, Styrofoam, common in some drinks (such as Yakult) containers; has been foamed that is commonly known as styrofoam, commonly used in packaging pellets, disposable thermal insulation gel cups, packaging frozen meat containers, lunch boxes.
OTHER
Other recyclable
Plastic products include polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyacid (PLA), nylon (Nylon) and
Fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP), biaxially oriented polyacid film (BOPLA).
But unfortunately, recycling of plastics is not easy and its implementation is not satisfactory.
Compared with metal recycling, the biggest problem with plastics recycling is that it is difficult to automate the sorting process with machines, and the process involves a lot of manpower.
Besides the fact that containers are usually made of a single plastic, many
plastic products are assembled from a variety of different materials, and the cost of dismantling them can be higher than the price of recycled plastic.
And there are some types of plastics that are not economically viable to recycle, such as styrofoam.
This type of plastic waste is usually buried or incinerated.
At present, the U.S. recycles a low 5 percent of its plastics.
Biodegradable plastic with biodegradable starch plastic for dinner knives, forks
and spoons.
Main Entry: Biodegradable PlasticDegradable plastic can decompose in sunlight.
Starch has also been added to plastics to make them more biodegradable, but decomposition is still incomplete.
Genetically modified bacteria have also been used to produce fully biodegradable plastics, but the cost is still high.
Germany's BASF has developed a biodegradable plastic called Ecoflex for
food packaging.
The above biodegradable plastics are rarely used because of their cost.
And the plastics need to be exposed to air to break down, so if they're buried, they can still lead to solid-waste problems.
Plastic manufacturers often vaguely refer to their products as resins on their packaging, even though they are clearly human/artificial/resins.
The average person is easily misled into thinking it is a natural resin and reassured and using it.
Many manufacturers also fail to clearly list the various harmful chemicals that are added to their products.
Because plastics are produced in large quantities, are cheap, and come in a wide range of colors, people use them in large quantities and often use them inappropriately without understanding the actual properties of some plastics.
For example, some plastics should not be heated or used to store acidic beverages and foods, and some plastics should not be exposed to sunlight, otherwise the ingredients will be unstable and released.
The lack of immediate danger has resulted in a variety of hazardous substances in plastic products entering and contaminating the human body through various routes, particularly the diet.
Plastics
Polyethylene
Polyvinyl chloride
Polystyrene
Polyvinyl alcohol
Polypropylene
Polyacrylic acid
Polybutene
Polyisobutylene
Polysulfone
Polymers
Polymers
Polymers
Polymethylene Polyamide
-Polycarbonate
-Polyacid
-Polytetrafluoroethylene
-Polyethylene terephthalate
-Epoxy resins
-Phenolic resins
-
Polyurethane Rubber
Shunt rubber
-Styrene Butadiene rubber
- Rubber
-neoprene rubber fiber polypropylene
-polyester
-nylon
-acrylic
-acrylic
-vinylon
-nylon
-dacron
-kevlon other information frequency converter energy-saving transformation of the plastics industry III. Crystal plastics industry special inverter features: ■ low-frequency torque output 180%
, low-frequency operation characteristics are good ■ output frequency of up to 600Hz, high-speed motor control ■ a full range of detection and protection functions (over-voltage, under-voltage, overload) instantaneous power outage and then start ■ acceleration, deceleration, dynamic rotation stall prevention and other protection functions ■ motor dynamic parameters automatically identify the function, to ensure that the system stability and accuracy ■ high-speed stop when the stopping of the system, to ensure that the stability and accuracy of the system. Accuracy ■ high-speed shutdown fast response ■ rich and flexible input and output interfaces and control modes, strong versatility ■ SMT full mount production and three-proof paint treatment process, high product stability ■ the whole series of the latest Siemens IGBT power devices, to ensure the quality of high-quality plastic parts design parts design must meet the requirements from the parts side of the plastic parts obtained through the injection molding process is also the case. The same applies to plastic parts obtained through the injection molding process.
In order to meet the requirements of product function, quality and appearance, the design of plastic parts must make the injection mold simple and low-cost, and at the same time, the injection molding time of the parts is short, efficient, and the parts are less defective and of high quality, which is the injection-oriented design.
This section details the guidelines for designing plastic parts so that they are injection molding oriented.
As injection molding involves the injection mold, injection-oriented design is more important.
Injection molds and modification of time-consuming and laborious, in the cost of plastic parts, the cost of injection molds accounted for a large proportion of the cost of a set of molds, the cost of less than tens of thousands of dollars, more than hundreds of thousands of dollars.
When the injection mold is completed, if the part design modification occurs, the injection mold needs to be modified accordingly, which will inevitably bring about the rise in mold costs.
And some times because of the relationship between the mold structure, the injection mold can not be modified, you can only redesign a new set of molds, then bring the cost and time loss is even more immeasurable.
The design of plastic parts can be referred to the book "Product Design Guide for and Assembly" published by Machinery Industry Press.
Commonly used solutions plastic spray oil commonly used 9 major solutions: one, white fire wine.
Two, white electric oil.
Three, 202 potion.
Four, 207 potion.
V. Chemical white water.
Six, 303 Tena water.
VII. 333 Tanna water.
VIII. Golofang.
IX. Cyclohexanone.
Solution shallow: 1. White fire wine.
For cleaning the exterior of the rubber parts stains, disinfection, use to prevent contact with metal.
2, white electric oil.
Used to clean the rubber and metal appearance stains, grease, some kind of rubber to produce dehydration (with HI.ABS chemical action).
3, 202 potion.
Dissolve HI type of glue pieces, used to bond HI type of glue pieces to dilute the universal adhesive.
4, 207 potion.
Dissolve ABS type of adhesive parts, used for bonding ABS type of adhesive parts (PP. HDPE class can not afford the chemical effect) 5, chemical white water.
Remove oil, stains, but most of the glue pieces of the construction of the organization has a destructive effect, resulting in cracking (PP class can not afford the chemical effect) 6, 303 Tianna water.
For hard glue oil dilution.
7, 333 TENA water.
For soft glue oil dilution (PVC water), dissolve PVC material.
8, Colophon.
Dissolve Acrylic material, volatile, anesthetic effect.
9, cyclohexanone.
High-boiling point solution, solvency is particularly strong, slow drying, with a moisture-proof effect.