For people most worried about the radiation problem, in the clinical commonly used imaging examination project, ultrasonography, nuclear magnetic **** vibration no radiation, harmless to the human body; X-ray, CT, DSA (digital subtraction angiography) due to the ionization effect, will produce a certain amount of radiation, more than a certain dose, will be harmful to the human body. CT radiation is greater than the amount of X-ray.
Two, radiation is everywhere
Some people hear radiation, panic. First of all, we need to understand a fact: radiation is everywhere.
There is natural background radiation on Earth, such as cosmic rays from outer space, standing in the sun, are inevitably subject to radiation; take the plane will also be subject to a small amount of cosmic radiation; take the subway luggage through security, foreign perspective security checks, with the use of X-rays nah ......
Three, radiation checks The radiation of how much?
Short-term large doses or long-term small doses of radiation, the cumulative effect may lead to cellular mutations, positively correlated with the incidence of malignant tumors, which has become **** knowledge. Therefore, without the dose as a prerequisite to talk about the hazards of radiation are in the rogue!
So, how many doses of radiation are within the acceptable range?
The World Health Organization's standard is that the human body should not receive more than 5mSv (millisieverts) of radiation per year.
When you have a routine medical checkup at your workplace, you will usually have an X-ray chest X-ray, which has a radiation dose of about 0.1mSv; and a low-dose CT chest X-ray, which has a radiation dose of about 1mSv.
Actually, most of the public are exposed to radiological examinations only during medical checkups, so there is no need for them to worry about this too much. Medical staff in the imaging department work in this environment for years, so wouldn't they be exposed to more radiation?
In the medical imaging department of Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 400-500 X-ray examinations and about 200 CT examinations are conducted every day; the number of DSA procedures reaches about 1,500 per year.
Imagine, if there is no proper protection measures, how can anyone be willing to engage in radiological examination medical work?
First of all, the medical institutions must obtain the "radiation treatment license" and for the corresponding diagnosis and treatment subject registration, before you can engage in the scope of the licensing of radiological diagnosis and treatment work.
Secondly, the health sector requires radiation medical staff to wear radiation dosimeters at work to monitor the amount of radiation indoors, every month to recover the test, if the dose is found to be excessive will be dealt with accordingly, and the situation is serious will be ordered to suspend the medical institution.
Again, the glass and walls of the examination room are isolated from radiation, and the amount of radiation in the room is negligible.
Four: How to minimize the impact of radiological examinations on the human body?
After understanding that radiological examinations are not that scary, we can talk about how to minimize the impact of such examinations on the human body. Doctors will follow the following principles when conducting radiological tests for patients:
1. When a patient's superficial symptoms are not enough to diagnose a disease, or when the extent of the disease needs to be further determined, the doctor really needs to use X-rays and CT to make a clear diagnosis, and only then will he or she prescribe a checklist. And there are strict indications for each test, and the patient will be asked to do the corresponding test.
2. Try to choose checkups with less radiation: no high-dose technology if you can use low-dose technology; no CT if you can solve the problem with X-rays; and do low-dose CT screening instead of regular CT for the necessary annual checkups.
With the upgrading of imaging equipment and the application of low radiation dose technology, patients are exposed to less and less radiation.
3. Avoid multiple repeat examinations.
4. Standardize the operation when doing radiological examination, and take strict protective measures for non-examination parts and important parts. For example, if you do chest X-ray examination, the abdomen, thyroid and other parts of the body will be protected with lead clothing and other protective equipment.
5. Special attention is paid to special groups.
Special groups such as women who are preparing for pregnancy, women who are in their third month of pregnancy, and children should have less or no exposure to radiation. After the third month of pregnancy, if the condition really needs to be diagnosed by radiological examination, it is recommended that the examination should be done after necessary protection to avoid delaying the treatment.
Fifth, the benefits of radiological examinations outweigh the disadvantages
The benefits of radiological examinations for human health far outweigh the disadvantages. Almost all systemic diseases are diagnosed by radiological examination, and even some diseases are only diagnosed by radiological examination. A few examples of different tests:
1. X-rays: X-rays are the most intuitive way to check for broken bones in a car accident or a traumatic injury.
2. CT: Low-dose CT is the best test for screening early lung cancer. Gout is a city disease in Shenzhen, the incidence rate is three times that of other cities, through double energy CT can show very clearly whether there is urate precipitation or not. Abdominal CT enhancement examination can be used for early detection of liver-occupying lesions, such as early hepatocellular carcinoma.
3. DSA (Digital Subtraction Angiography) is an effective means of detecting cerebral aneurysms and stenosis of strong arteries. Cerebral aneurysms are complicated and traumatic if open heart surgery is performed, but with DSA, the pain can be relieved in a minimally invasive way.
What we need to do is to look at radiology in a rational way, take advantage of its benefits, and try to avoid adverse effects.