African economist Dambisa Moyo, has written a book called "The Death of Aid", the content of this book is, about the international support for Africa so much, why Africa is still as poor as ever.
The author has a set of information here, since World War II, the world's aid to Africa has exceeded one trillion U.S. dollars, aid to African countries, both developed countries and developing countries, ranked in the first few were, respectively, the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Japan, Canada and other developed countries, and Africa receives the largest number of countries receiving aid in order is Ethiopia, Egypt, Tanzania, Nigeria, Kenya, Congo and other countries.
We look back, these receiving countries are still poor, it can be said that a large number of aid did not make them get rid of poverty, in fact, for the poverty of Africa, there are reasons on their ethnic character, but also the reasons for international humanitarian aid.
To give an example, the medical facilities in Africa are very backward, where all kinds of infectious diseases are prevalent; in fact, Africa has its own system of medical traditions and technology, and even some small workshops can produce drugs to combat these diseases. However, the international humanitarian aid will send large quantities of free medical supplies to Africa, which directly leads to the bankruptcy of some local medical industries, because they have no money to earn, no money, they simply can not carry out medical research and development.
Thus, the international humanitarian aid has also stifled the development of the local medical industry in Africa to a certain extent; people are waiting for the free medical supplies from the western countries, who will pay for the local medical drugs? So the poverty in Africa can't be solved by international support, so what is the truth about poverty in Africa?
International humanitarian organizations are too generous, resulting in a large number of local enterprises can not develop
Since the establishment of the United Nations, the World Health Organization, the World Trade Organization, these international organizations are based on the principles of international humanitarianism, began to deploy a large number of the world's support for the supply of materials to Africa; large to infrastructure projects, machinery and equipment, train rails, to drugs, clothing, food, drinking water.
The world's aid to Africa can be said to be in place in every aspect.
Particularly some big countries, in the spirit of compassion and charity attitude, they generously give Africa some of their countries do not want the material, therefore, the African countries and people are waiting for international support every day, and self-survival, self-development of the consciousness has gradually dissipated. However, when the world is at peace and the country is stabilized, some Africans are thinking of developing the national market economy, and they are borrowing a lot of loans to develop local industries in the country.
But when a large number of their goods are produced for the market, they found a very serious problem, the domestic market is flooded with a large number of high-quality, low-priced goods of the same kind, the workmanship and cost of these commodities, are far from Africa's indigenous industries can be compared, and even a number of products directly free of charge to receive, ask how the market competition so that just in the development of the budding of Africa's native enterprises to capture the market. How can the local enterprises go to grab the market.
Africa did not use the aid funds for development, but instead to make people more lazy
In the African region because of the heat, where the mosquitoes are very much, some Africans see a business opportunity, they borrowed money to borrow production of mosquito nets; but when their mosquito nets have not yet been sent to the market, a number of international charitable organizations to donate a large number of mosquito nets to come, which led directly to a number of African businessmen went completely bankrupt. International humanitarian organizations are too generous, directly resulting in many of Africa's indigenous basic industries have no room for survival and development, therefore, the local free economic system can not be established, so that Africa can develop?
If you are fortunate enough to visit Africa, you will find that the local black people have nothing to do every day, and many fertile lands in the fields are uncultivated, and have long been full of weeds; when you look further into the mentality of the local people, you will find that the mentality of the Africans has been made apathetic by the international aid workers, and they no longer use their energy for survival because they know that the international organizations will not let them starve to death. starve to death, therefore, led by this mentality, black Africans would rather focus their energy on playing every day than going to the fields.
Factors of Poverty in Africa - Ideology
In our China, we have a proverb: "Poverty alleviation starts with ideology". In recent times, Africa has been a colony of Western countries, and the Western colonial countries have shipped technology and equipment to Africa, greedily drawing on its resources; as for the black people of Africa, in the eyes of the West, they have only two roles: servitude and goods.
In other words, during the colonial period, the black people's existence was to draw resources for the Westerners as strong laborers, or as goods to be sold to others; nearly a hundred years of colonial rule, the white Westerners only let the black Africans do the hardest and least skilled work, and all the technical aspects of the work is done by the white people themselves.
So, gradually the black Africans from the initial reluctance, slowly transformed to get by, anyway, the white man let them do what they do, they do what they do, and do not have to think about it, where to do; so the Africans exercise a strong body, but lost the ability to think about things.
Africa's backwardness in education is the aftermath of the colonial era
At the same time, the western white people have been suppressing the black people's enlightenment and educational development, white people are worried that the black people, once they mastered the wisdom, will bring them endless trouble, so the white people directly through various means to eliminate the black people to accept the opportunity to receive an education, there is no knowledge of the enlightenment of the black people's wisdom can only be learned from the previous generation. can learn from the previous generation, but how much wisdom can still exist in the previous generation?
So the blacks, from generation to generation, are caught in a deadly circle, they can't get useful knowledge, they can't know why the facilities built by the whites are running so efficiently; they can't know why the white man's automobile runs faster than a lion's.
They can't know why the white man's automobile is running so fast. In this environment, with the passage of time, the black people's ability to think and intellectual enlightenment gradually assimilated from one generation to the next, and they became the representatives of the four limbs and simple mind.
Africans' innovative ideas and self-confidence have long been destroyed
Once there was a movie about a black child who invented the wind-driven water irrigation technology; a black child who often saw the crops in the fields because of the hot weather led to the cultivation of food crops continue to wither, but the adults do nothing about it, and they can only be achieved through time and again. They could only save the grain by begging the heavens for rain.
But the boy didn't think so, and when he saw a windmill turbine, he was inspired to invent a windmill turbine that would divert water from the ground to irrigate the grain. However, when he told his father about the idea, his father rebuffed him mercilessly and told him not to be delusional, such things are not for us blacks to do.
If we were ordinary people, perhaps we would basically give up after our dreams were harshly rejected by adults before they were realized, although, in the end, the child overcame all the difficulties to develop a windmill and water turbine, and succeeded in irrigating the fields. However, the end of the child is not good, he did not go to school because of this, and did not become a scientist, but inherited his father's family business to become a farmer.
After listening to this story, you may be able to understand why the blacks are getting poorer and poorer. In fact, it is not that they have not tried, but that over the past hundred years, the blacks have suffered too much, and their national pride and self-confidence have long been destroyed by the whites mercilessly. Therefore, the black people's heart is endless inferiority complex, this inferiority complex also makes them dare not touch the idea, also dare not touch the knowledge, because they do not believe that they can surpass the white people in wisdom.
African poverty factors - the environment
There is no doubt that the African continent has its own natural causes of poverty, there are many territories are not suitable for human survival, especially the Sahara Desert, there are also many areas of the lack of precipitation, the natural environment has been seriously damaged, and many of their native ecosystems, because of a variety of man-made reasons have been broken. ecosystems that have broken down for various man-made reasons.
Not only that, Africans are used to making quick money, so how do you make quick money? Hunting and killing rare animals, cutting down trees and selling water, Africans sell all of nature's gifts as raw materials to Westerners; but nature's gifts are only once, and once they are destroyed, they can no longer continue to develop, which is why the African grassland resources are drastically reduced, the desert area is expanding dramatically, and groundwater resources are running out of all kinds of environmental dilemmas in an emergency.
But for the governance of the environment, Africans do not have the consciousness, but also the ability to govern, because they are too poor, and they do not have the national power to restore the environment, so in this kind of dead cycle of development, Africa can only sit back and watch the desert more and more vast, and the fertile land is more and more narrow.
Ending
Africa is rich in mineral resources, but these are the products of the plunder of developed countries, and the exploitation of mineral resources, but also to the local ecological environment has brought serious damage, although the colonial era has long been over, but the vast majority of countries in Africa's industrial system is still imperfect, the international donation of aid are used to distribute, and not invested in the economy, industrial construction, resulting in the African region is still exporting raw materials, but the majority of countries in Africa are still exporting raw materials, but the majority of countries in Africa are still exporting raw materials. The result is that the African region is still dominated by the export of raw materials, and industrial upgrading has a long way to go.
Of course, there are many other reasons for poverty in Africa, the population is increasing too fast, far more than the carrying capacity of the land, the colonial history is too long, to the Africans caused qualitative thinking, lack of development of self-confidence, innovative self-confidence, and even strong self-confidence, and some parts of Africa's natural resources, a large number of international assistance, but the lack of the African sense of anxiety, the formation of lazy character, "starving to death, not planting, thirsty to death, not digging wells", which is the portrayal of some Africans.
In short, Africa's poor, both from the international, but also from their own; but the most critical is that Africa to cure the disease of poverty, the first thing to cure the idea, if even the idea has not been laid the foundation in place, then the international to give more money and what is the use of it; at the same time, the Africans should see their own short boards, and endure the pain of the reform of the country to rectify the situation (Africa's political instability, corruption is a particularly serious problem), only This way black Africans can really embark on affluence.