Warehouse consists of a storage room for stored goods, transportation and transfer facilities (such as cranes, elevators, slides, etc.), conveying pipes and equipment for entering and exiting the storage room, as well as fire protection facilities, management rooms, etc.; with the same name as the movie "Warehouse".
Basic introduction Chinese name ：warehouse Foreign name ：warehouse;storage Movie Review, Overview, Common Classification, mini warehouse, single-story warehouse, multi-story warehouses, cylindrical warehouses, bonded warehouse, three-dimensional warehouses, warehouse classification, according to the use of the characteristics of the goods, the warehouse function:, 1, storage and safekeeping function, 2, regulating the function of supply and demand, 3, regulating the ability of goods transportation 4, circulation and distribution processing function, 5, information transfer function, 6, product life cycle support function, the main performance parameters of the warehouse, 1, library capacity, 2, in and out of the library frequency, Overview of the "Poetry - Xiaoya" has "Naiqi thousand Silos" sentence, can be seen in the long history of warehouse construction. Modern warehouses are more concerned about the operational benefits and not only for storage. This is the difference with the old warehouse. Therefore, the modern warehouse from the transport turnover, storage and building facilities on the importance of the reasonable layout of the channel, the distribution of goods and the maximum height of the pile, and the configuration of cost-effective mechanized, automated access facilities to improve storage capacity and efficiency. Warehouse by the storage of goods storage, transportation facilities (such as cranes, elevators, slides, etc.), in and out of the warehouse pipeline and equipment, as well as fire protection facilities, management rooms and other components. Warehouse according to the form of stored goods can be divided into storage of solid goods, liquid goods, gas goods and powder goods warehouse; according to the nature of stored goods can be divided into storage of raw materials, semi-finished products and finished goods warehouse; according to the form of the building can be divided into a single warehouse, multi-storey warehouses, cylindrical warehouses. Warehouse Atlas Common Classification Mini Warehouse China at this stage appeared to temporary storage of goods for the business of the prototype of the mini-warehouse, a number of large warehouses to provide a small area of the storage service, this type of service is the items stacked in a large warehouse, there is no obvious spacing between the objects, so the lack of security and secrecy. Most areas do not have the conditions for the development of mini-warehouses, now China only Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen and other first-tier cities quietly popular. Warehouse Atlas Single-storey warehouses are suitable for storing metal materials, construction materials, ores, machinery products, vehicles, oil, chemical raw materials, wood and its products. Water transport terminal warehouse, railroad transportation warehouse, air transportation warehouse with single-story building, in order to speed up the loading and unloading speed. The general layout of the single-story warehouse requires a through road, loading cars, forklifts can be directly in and out of the warehouse. This warehouse is generally used prefabricated reinforced concrete structure, column network is generally 6 meters, the span of 12 meters, 15 meters, 18 meters, 24 meters, 30 meters, 36 meters, etc.. Ground stacking load of the warehouse, the span should be large. Crane lifting capacity of the warehouse according to the maximum weight of a single piece of stored goods to determine. Lifting capacity of 5 tons or less can be used single beam crane or monorail hoist, more than 5 tons with a bridge crane. Warehouse requirements moisture. If for the storage of flammable products, should be used to prevent the production of flexible ground layer sparks. Roof and walls should be watertight, watertight. Multi-storey warehouse General storage of department stores, electronic equipment, food, rubber products, drugs, medical equipment, chemicals, cultural products, instruments and so on. The ground floor should be unloading loading site, loading and unloading vehicles can enter directly. Vertical transportation of goods generally uses 1.5 to 5 tons of freight elevator. Consideration should be given to loading cargo cart or forklift can be driven into the elevator room to speed up the loading and unloading speed. Multi-storey warehouse commonly used slide unloading. Slide with reinforced concrete structure, terrazzo waxing for the surface; also available metal skeleton, steel plate surface, but to prevent rusting steel or stainless steel plate for the surface. Multi-storey warehouses such as unit load greater than 500 kilograms, can be used without beam floor cover. Warehouses are generally not painted, mortar hook white can be brushed; storage of department stores, medicines, food, clothing, warehouses to be painted to prevent the seams hidden insects. Multi-storey warehouses in the "three-dimensional warehouse" of the storage and loading set of electronic computers, to achieve mechanization. This kind of warehouse covers an area of small, labor-saving, but there is a certain range of categories of stored goods. Cylindrical warehouse General storage of bulk cement, dry ballast, fly ash, bulk food, oil, gas and other gases. Cylindrical warehouse building design according to the type of stored goods and into the unloading method and determine. The roof, wall and bottom of the warehouse must be waterproof, moisture-proof, and the roof should be equipped with a dust-absorbing device. In order to facilitate daily maintenance, to set up hanging holes, manholes (library wall ladder), measuring warehouse holes and lifting hooks and so on. Cylindrical warehouses are generally cast-in-place prestressed reinforced concrete structure, with slip mold construction. Oil storage and gas storage with metal structures. To pay attention to the ventilation of the warehouse, each storey of the warehouse should be set on the outside wall of the shutters, shutters plus metal mesh, in order to prevent birds. Dangerous goods warehouse, such as oil storage (gas) or storage of chemical raw materials warehouse must be heat and moisture, heat insulation layer on the roof or according to the explosion-proof roof design, set the entrance and exit of the fire partition wall, the ground with non-sparking materials, generally available asphalt floor. Oil storage tanks should be set up to collect oil pits. Food warehouses should be ant and bee-proof. Bonded warehouse Bonded warehouse is according to the relevant laws and import and export trade regulations to obtain permission to specialize in the custody of foreign imports and import and export goods not yet taxed warehouse. Three-dimensional warehouse Definition Racking automated three-dimensional warehouse referred to as three-dimensional warehouse. Generally refers to the use of several layers, dozens of layers and even dozens of layers of high shelves to store unit goods, with the corresponding material handling equipment for goods in and out of the warehouse operations warehouse. Because this type of warehouse can make full use of space to store goods, it is often figuratively referred to as "three-dimensional warehouse". Automated three-dimensional warehouse, also known as automated three-dimensional warehousing, logistics warehousing in the emergence of new concepts, the use of three-dimensional warehouse equipment can be realized in the rationalization of the high level of the warehouse, access to automation, simplicity of operation: automated three-dimensional warehouse, is the current high level of technology in the form of. The main body of the automated three-dimensional warehouse by the shelves, alley stacking cranes, into (out of) the library workbench and automatic transport into (out of) and the operation of the control system consists of. Shelf is a steel or reinforced concrete structure of the building or structure, shelves within the standard size of the cargo space, lane stacking cranes through the shelves between the lanes to complete the work of storage and retrieval. Management uses computer and bar code technology. Features 1, three-dimensional warehouse is generally higher. Its height is generally more than 5 meters, up to 40 meters, the common three-dimensional warehouse between 7 to 25 meters. 2, three-dimensional warehouse is necessarily mechanized warehouse. As shelves in more than 5 meters, artificial has been difficult to shelves in and out of goods operation, and therefore must rely on mechanical operation. The three-dimensional warehouse in the automated three-dimensional warehouse, is the current high level of technology in the form of. 3, three-dimensional warehouse is configured with multi-level shelves. Because of the high shelves, so also known as high-level shelving warehouse. Classification 1, according to the shelf height classification according to the shelf height, subdivided into high-level three-dimensional warehouse (more than 15 meters), the middle three-dimensional warehouse (5 ~ 15 meters) and low-level three-dimensional warehouse (5 meters) and so on. Due to the high cost of high-level three-dimensional warehouse, special requirements for machinery and equipment, and installation difficulties, and therefore relatively less construction; bottom three-dimensional warehouse is mainly used for the old library renovation, is to improve the old library technology and capacity of the feasible way; more is the middle three-dimensional warehouse. 2, according to the shelf structure classification: divided into unit cargo format three-dimensional warehouse, through the three-dimensional warehouse, automated cabinet three-dimensional warehouse, strip shelf three-dimensional warehouse 3, according to the classification of building structure: divided into a body-type three-dimensional warehouse, separated three-dimensional warehouse 4, according to the three-dimensional warehouse loading and taking the type of mechanical classification of goods: divided into the shelf forklift three-dimensional warehouse, alley stacker three-dimensional warehouse 5, according to the operation of the classification: (1) manual location, Manual loading mode. By manual operation of mechanical operation and in the high-level shelves address, and then by the manual goods from the shelves out or the goods on the truck loaded into the shelves. (2) Automatic addressing, manual loading mode. According to the input instruction, the machinery runs automatically to address and recognize the address, after running to the predetermined cargo position, it stops automatically, and then the goods are loaded or taken out from the shelves manually. (3) Automatic addressing, automatic loading and unmanned operation. According to the controller's instructions or according to the computer out of storage, storage instructions for automatic operation. The above three ways, manual addressing, manual loading and taking mainly applies to the middle and low-level three-dimensional warehouse car, the other two are applicable to the middle and high-level three-dimensional warehouse. 6, according to the functional classification 1) storage type three-dimensional warehouse, in order to store a large number of goods as the main function, not many types of goods, but the number of large, long storage period. A variety of dense racks of three-dimensional warehouses are suitable for storage warehouses. (2) picking three-dimensional warehouse, to a large number of goods, multi-user, multi-species, small batch issued as the main function of the three-dimensional warehouse. This type of warehouse to create convenient picking and fast picking conditions, therefore, often take the automatic address recognition. Due to the large differences in user demand, it is difficult to whole in and out, therefore, is not suitable for automated unmanned operation, and the use of manual picking. Picking three-dimensional warehouse is more often used in distribution centers. Warehouse Classification According to the use of the role played by the warehouse in the process of commodity circulation can be divided into the following categories: (1) wholesale warehouse wholesale warehouse is mainly used for storage from the procurement and supply of the warehouse field transfer into the local acquisition of commodities, this type of warehouse is generally close to the commodity sales market, the scale of the same procurement and supply of warehouses compared with the general to be a little smaller, thallium is engaged in both wholesale supply, but also engaged in the supply of zero supply business. (2) procurement and supply warehouse procurement and supply warehouse is mainly used for centralized storage from the production sector and for international import and export of commodities, generally this type of warehouse is located in the production of commodities concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, or the location of the commodity transportation hub. (3) processing warehouses in the previous function of the warehouse has spoken after the warehouse processing delayed function, generally have the ability to process the products of the warehouse is to become a processing warehouse. (4) transit warehouse transit warehouse is in the middle of the goods transportation system, storage of those waiting for the transfer of goods, general goods in this only do temporary parking, this type of warehouse is generally set in the highway, railroad stations and waterway transportation near the port terminals, in order to facilitate the goods waiting for loading in this. (5) Retail warehouse Retail warehouse is mainly used for commercial retail industry to do short-term storage of goods, generally to provide store sales, retail warehouse is smaller in scale, the stored materials turnover. (6) Reserve warehouses These warehouses are generally set up by the state to keep national emergency reserve materials and war reserve materials. Goods in such warehouses are generally stored for a longer period of time, and the stored materials will be regularly updated to ensure the quality of the materials. (7) Bonded Warehouses Bonded warehouses are warehouses that are set up for the purpose of international trade on a country's territory, but outside the customs territory. The goods of foreign enterprises can enter or leave such warehouses duty-free and go through customs declaration procedures, and after approval, the goods can be processed, stored, etc. in bonded warehouses. According to the characteristics of goods (1) raw materials warehouse: raw materials warehouse is used to store raw materials used in the production of such warehouses are generally larger. (2) product warehouse: the role of the product warehouse is to store the completed products, but these products have not entered the circulation area, this warehouse is generally attached to the product production plant. (3) refrigerated warehouse: it is used to store those goods that need to be refrigerated storage, generally more agricultural products, medicines and so on for the storage temperature requirements of the goods. (4) Constant temperature warehouse: constant temperature warehouse and refrigerated warehouse is also used to store for the storage temperature requirements of the product. (5) Dangerous Goods Warehouse: Dangerous Goods Warehouse is literally easier to understand that it is used for the storage of dangerous goods, hazardous goods due to the human body as well as the environment may pose a danger, so in the storage of such items will generally have specific requirements, such as many chemicals are dangerous goods, their storage have special regulations. (6) water surface warehouse: like logs, bamboo rafts and other items that can float on the water surface, they can be stored in the water surface. Warehouse function: 1, storage and safekeeping function Warehouse has a certain amount of space, used to store items, and according to the characteristics of the stored items with the appropriate equipment to maintain the integrity of the stored items. For example: storage of volatile solvents in the warehouse, must be equipped with ventilation equipment to prevent the volatile substances in the air content is too high and cause an explosion. Storage of precision instruments in the warehouse, the need for moisture, dust, constant temperature, therefore, should be set up air conditioning, constant temperature and other equipment. In the warehouse operation, there is a basic requirement is to prevent handling and stacking when touching and crushing items. Thus, the requirements of handling equipment and operating methods of continuous improvement and perfection, so that the warehouse really play a role in storage and storage. 2, the function of regulating supply and demand to create material time utility is one of the two basic functions of logistics, logistics, this function is completed by the logistics system of the warehouse. Modern large-scale production in various forms, from the production and consumption of continuous point of view, each product has different characteristics, the production of some products is balanced, and consumption is not balanced, there are a number of products is not balanced production, but consumption is balanced constantly. To harmonize production and consumption, which requires warehouses to play a "reservoir" regulatory role. 3, regulating the ability to transport goods The transportation capacity of various means of transport is not the same. The transport capacity of the ship is very large, maritime vessels are generally 10,000 tons, river vessels also have several hundred tons to several thousand tons. The transport capacity of the train is small, each wagon can be loaded 30 to 60t, a train of clouds up to a few thousand tons. The transportation capacity of the car is very small, generally each car loaded 4 ~ 10t. Transportation between them is very difficult to connect, this difference in transportation capacity, but also through the warehouse to regulate and connect. 4, the function of circulation and distribution processing The function of the modern warehouse has been in the process of transformation from storage to circulation, that is, the warehouse from the storage, storage of goods to the center of circulation, sales center change. Warehouse should not only have storage, storage of goods equipment, but also to increase the sorting, matching, bundling, circulation processing, information processing and other settings. In this way, that is to expand the scope of the warehouse business, improve the comprehensive utilization of materials, but also to facilitate consumption and improve the quality of service. 5, the information transfer function With the change of the above function, led to the warehouse on the information transfer requirements. When dealing with various matters related to warehouse activities, it is necessary to rely on computers and the inter-network, through electronic data interchange (EDI) and bar code technology to improve the speed of transmission of information on warehoused goods, timely and accurate understanding of warehousing information, such as the level of utilization of warehouses, the frequency of entry and exit of warehouses, the warehouse's transportation, customer demand and warehouse staffing and so on. 6, the product life cycle support functions According to the American Society of Logistics Management in January 2002 issued a definition of logistics: in the supply chain operations to meet customer requirements for the purpose of goods, services and related information in the output and sales between the realization of high-efficiency and low-cost positive and ideal reverse flow in the storage of the process of planning, implementation and control. Visible modern logistics including products from "life" to "death" of the entire production, circulation and service process. Therefore, the warehouse system should provide support for the product life cycle. The main performance parameters of the warehouse 1, library capacity library capacity refers to the number of items that can be accommodated in the warehouse. Is the maximum number of items that can be stacked in the warehouse after removing the necessary access and clearance. 2, in and out of the warehouse frequency The number of items in and out of the warehouse in a unit of time.