1. What is the appropriate temperature and humidity that should be maintained in the patient room.
(1) The temperature of the sick room is generally maintained at 18-22 ℃ is appropriate. Newborns and elderly patients, the room temperature is maintained at 22-24 ℃ is appropriate.
(2) The humidity of the ward is generally maintained at 50%-60%.
2. Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about an individual's, family's, or community's response to an existing or potential health problem or life process, and these expected outcomes are the responsibility of the nurse on the mountain. Nursing diagnosis must be resolvable with nursing measures.
3. Constipation: a change in the normal pattern of bowel movements, a decrease in the number of bowel movements, the discharge of dry, hard feces over the floor, and poor, difficult bowel movements.
4. What are the common lying positions? Which patients are suitable for each of them.
(1) decubitus supine position: for coma or general anesthesia is not awake patients; intrathecal anesthesia or spinal cord cavity after puncture patients.
(2) Mid-concave lying position: for patients in shock.
(3) Flexed knee supine position: for patients undergoing abdominal examination or undergoing catheterization or perineal irrigation.
5, urinary incontinence: refers to the phenomenon that the urine in the bladder can not be controlled and discharged by itself.
6, oliguria: adult daily urine volume of less than 400ml (or less than 17ml per hour) is called oliguria.
7, gluteal intramuscular injection can be used side lying position, prone position, supine position or sitting position. In the side-lying position, the upper leg is straight and the lower leg is slightly bent: in the prone position, the toes of the feet are opposite to each other, the heels are separated, and the head is tilted to one side.
8, intravenous injection of commonly used veins of the limbs superficial veins (elbow superficial vein noble, elbow median, cephalic vein, wrist and dorsal hand vein, foot saphenous, small saphenous vein and dorsal foot vein), scalp vein, femoral vein. It is used when the drug is not suitable for oral, subcutaneous or intramuscular injection, or when the effect of the drug needs to be exerted rapidly.
9, 6cm above the puncture site to tie a tourniquet: the angle of entry 15 ° ~
10, femoral vein injection to take the supine position, the lower limbs are straightened and slightly abducted and external rotation, the needle and the skin into 90 ° or 45 °, the femoral artery in the medial 0.5 cm of the puncture.
11, general blood culture venous blood 5ml, for patients with subacute bacterial endocarditis, in order to improve the positive rate of culture, blood collection 10~15ml
12, intravenous injection precautions: ① early in the morning on an empty stomach when the blood collection: forbidden to transfusion, transfusion of blood specimens in the needle, preferably in the contralateral limb collection; blood culture specimens should be injected into a sterile container, can not be mixed into the blood culture specimen. Disinfectants, preservatives and drugs, so as not to affect the test results. Field intravenous injection of drugs that have a strong stimulation of the tissue, be sure to confirm that the needle in the vein before injecting the drug, you can first inject a small amount of saline, to prevent spillage of the drug four tissue necrosis.
13, urinary retention: refers to a large amount of urine stored in the bladder can not be autonomously discharged state.