Nobel's father, Emanuel Nobel, was an inventor with a large mechanical factory in Russia, and from 1840 to 1859, his father was engaged in the production of large-scale mines in St. Petersburg, which, along with other weapons, were used in the Crimean War. He invented a boiler system for domestic heating, designed a machine for making wooden wheels, designed and built a large forging hammer, remodeled factory equipment, and in 1853 Tsar Nicholas I exceptionally awarded Emanuel Nobel the Order of Merit in recognition of his achievements. Under the influence and guidance of his father's never-ending creative spirit, Nobel embarked on a glorious path of scientific invention.
Nobel grew up in St. Petersburg and went to France and the United States to further his education. After completing his studies, he returned to Sweden to engage in chemistry, especially the research and invention of explosives. Nobel father and son set up a laboratory in the suburbs of Stockholm, developed the first solution to the detonation of explosives, mercuric tubes. 1863 began to produce glycerine explosives, liquid explosives are prone to explosive accidents, in 1866, he made a solid security of violent explosives "Danamart", this product became the cornerstone of the Nobel international industrial group. 1867, he made a solid explosive "Danamart", this product became the cornerstone of the Nobel international industrial group. In 1867, he invented the safety detonator, and then invented a variety of more powerful explosives. His life **** all kinds of explosives and rayon and other nearly 400 inventions, was awarded 85 patents. These inventions make Nobel in the history of world chemistry occupies an important position. Nobel through the manufacture of explosives to accumulate a lot of wealth, he bought Sweden B. Golspan arms chemical plant sex most of the shares, the creation of the Nobel Chemical Company, the production of explosives in Western Europe to open the two trusts, has in Baku, Russia, the exploitation of oil Nobel Brothers Company.
Before his death, he made a will in 1895, and put most of his property of $9.2 million as a fund, with its annual interest ($200,000 per year) to set up five kinds of prizes in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and the cause of peace (in 1969, the Swedish national root of the bank to add a prize for economics), rewarding the scholars who have made the greatest contribution to the above fields in the current year. Since 1901, the prizes have been awarded on December 10, the date of Nobel's death.
Alfred Nobel was reluctant to write a biography, believing that no one would read those articles about a person.
Nobel said of himself personally - "Greatest virtue: kept his fingernails clean, never a burden to anyone. Greatest trait: no family, lack of a spirit of joy and a good appetite. Biggest and only request: not to be buried alive. Biggest sin: not worshipping the god of wealth. Important events in life: none."
Nobel's life under the threat of death for mankind to the power of nature, in the story of his life's scientific and technological achievements, he only used a few short sentences - "The author of this paper was born on October 21, 1833, he learned from his tutor, never entered the He has never attended a school of higher learning. He was especially devoted to the study of applied chemistry, and the explosives he invented during his lifetime were: dynamite, smokeless gunpowder, 'Balistear' or C89, and in 1884 he joined the Royal Swedish Society of Science, the Royal Society of London, and the Institution of Civil Engineers of Paris, and was awarded the Order of Science in 1880 by the King of Sweden, and the Grand Medal of France. Medal."
On October 21, 1833, Alfred Burkhard Nobel was born. According to Swedish naming conventions, Alfred is the first name and Nobel is the last name. However, according to the later convention, the Nobel family name was later usually used to refer to Alfred himself.
Noble was born when his family was bankrupted by a fire, and his father feared that he would not live long, for he seemed to have no strength to breathe or to breastfeed, and spent his early years in the shadow of infirmity.
Alfred Nobel's school life stopped at elementary school. When he reached school age, he was sent to St. James' Senior Guards Primary School in Stockholm for a few semesters. At this elementary school he scored the highest marks in all his schoolwork as well as in character, and was one of three students out of 82 to receive the highest marks.
In 1842, Nobel went to live with his family in Petersburg, Russia, where his father organized a Nobel home school for his three brothers. For the next six or seven years, the poetry-loving Nobel dreamed of "Shelley," but his father was disgusted, believing that poetry was just a pastime for lazy women, and that a man of honor should not and did not care to enjoy it. Within the home school, the greatest influence on Nobel's science education was the tutor Zinin, the most famous Russian chemist of his time.
In 1850, when Nobel was 17 years old, his father, for the development of the family business, decided to send Nobel to the European countries and the United States to see the world, and at the same time to study the European countries and the United States of America in the mechanical and chemical status and progress. It was not until he was 21 that he returned to Petersburg. During this period, he began to contact the manufacturing technology of nitroglycerine explosives. 1863, Nobel returned to Sweden, with his father and his brother *** with the development of explosives, due to an accidental explosion destroyed the workshop, killed his brother, the government banned them from conducting further tests. He therefore once set up his laboratory on a barge on Lake Mara outside Stockholm.
One day in the fall of 1866, the explosion of mercury fulminate was successfully tested, it is today's widely used detonators. Since then, Nobel's inventions in explosives have made him the "father of modern explosives".
Nobel was forced to move to San Remo, Italy in 1891 due to the rejection of the French government. He was 58 years old at that time, and he died here in 1896 during the 6 years, he was constantly working on a variety of new inventions in San Remo, which involved the fields of chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and medicine.
How many inventions did Nobel accomplish and how many patents did he receive? According to the incomplete statistics made by Nobel's assistant, Solman, Nobel was awarded 351 patents in his life.
On November 28, 1896, Nobel fell in his study, and his servants immediately carried him up to his bedroom on the second floor. When the hired doctor arrived, Nobel's brain was partially necrotic. He was completely unable to speak in his familiar French and Italian, except for a few mumbles in his native Swedish. The assistants, doctors and servants present, all French and Italian, could not understand his last words, except for the word telegram. December 10, the same year at 2 am, Nobel died of cerebral hemorrhage, aged 63 years.