What are the problems and contradictions in the current socialist construction in China

The main contradiction of China's society at the present stage: it is still the contradiction between the people's growing material and cultural needs and the backward social production.　　Specific manifestations of the main contradiction: - China's productive forces, science and technology, and education are still relatively backward, and there is still a long way to go to achieve industrialization and modernization; - The dual economic structure of urban and rural areas has not been changed, and the trend of widening regional disparities has not yet been reversed, with a large number of people in poverty. The total population continues to increase, the proportion of elderly people is rising, and the pressure on employment and social security is increasing; - The contradiction between the ecological environment, natural resources and economic and social development is becoming more and more prominent -We are still under pressure from the economic and technological superiority of the developed countries; - The economic system and other management systems are still imperfect; - There are still some problems in the areas of democracy, law and order, ideology and morality that cannot be ignored. There are still some problems in the construction of democracy, the rule of law and ideology and morality that should not be ignored.　　According to the report of the 17th CPC National Congress, the main solutions are as follows: I. Deeply Implementing the Scientific Outlook on Development To continue to build a moderately prosperous society and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics in a new stage of development, it is necessary to adhere to Deng Xiaoping's Theory and the Important Thought of the Three Represents, and to y implement the Scientific Outlook on Development. Scientific concept of development, the first meaning is development, the core is people-oriented, the basic requirement is comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable, the fundamental method is to take into account.　　--We must insist on development as the first priority of the Party in ruling the country. Development is decisive for building a moderately prosperous society and accelerating socialist modernization. We must firmly grasp the center of economic construction, insist on concentrating on construction and development, and continuously liberate and develop social productive forces. We should better implement the strategy of developing the country through science and education, the strategy of strengthening the country through talents, and the strategy of sustainable development, and focus on grasping the laws of development, innovating the concept of development, transforming the mode of development, and solving the problems of development, so as to improve the quality and efficiency of development, achieve sound and rapid development, and lay a solid foundation for the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics. We will strive to achieve people-oriented, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable scientific development, harmonious development in which all aspects of the cause are organically united and members of society are united in solidarity and harmony, and peaceful development in which we both develop ourselves through the maintenance of world peace and maintain world peace through our own development.　　-Must adhere to the people-centered approach. To serve the people wholeheartedly is the fundamental tenet of the Party, and all the Party's struggles and work are for the benefit of the people. We must always realize, maintain and develop the fundamental interests of the broadest number of people as the starting point and finishing point of all the work of the Party and the State, respect the people's main position, give full play to the people's creative spirit, safeguard the people's rights and interests, take the road of **** the same affluence, and promote the all-round development of human beings, and to achieve the development for the sake of the people, the development of relying on the people, and the fruits of the development of the people **** to enjoy.　　-Must adhere to comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development. In accordance with the overall layout of the socialist cause with Chinese characteristics, it is necessary to comprehensively promote economic, political, cultural and social construction, and to promote the coordination of all aspects of modernization and all aspects of construction, as well as the coordination of the relations of production with the productive forces, and the superstructure with the economic base. Adhere to the civilized development path of productive development, affluent living and ecological well-being, build a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, realize the unity of speed and structural quality and efficiency, and the coordination of economic development with population, resources and the environment, so that the people can produce and live in a good ecological environment, and achieve sustainable economic and social development.　　-Must adhere to the overall consideration. We must correctly understand and properly handle the major relationships in the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, integrate urban and rural development, regional development, economic and social development, harmonious development of human beings and nature, domestic development and opening up to the outside world, integrate the relationship between the central government and the local authorities, and integrate individual and collective interests, local and overall interests, and current and long-term interests, so as to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of all sides. It is also necessary to integrate the two major domestic and international situations, establish a global vision, strengthen strategic thinking, grasp development opportunities and respond to risks and challenges in the light of changes in the international situation, and create a favorable international environment. It is necessary to have an overall view of the overall situation, coordinate planning, and seize the main work that affects the overall situation and the outstanding problems that concern the interests of the public, and make efforts to promote and make key breakthroughs.　　Promoting sound and rapid development of the national economy (1) Improving the ability of independent innovation and building an innovative country. This is the core of the national development strategy, is the key to improving the comprehensive national strength. It is necessary to adhere to the road of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics, and to carry out the enhancement of independent innovation capacity into all aspects of modernization. We should conscientiously implement the Outline of the National Medium- and Long-Term Scientific and Technological Development Plan, increase investment in independent innovation, and focus on breaking through key technologies that constrain economic and social development. It will accelerate the construction of a national innovation system, and support basic research, cutting-edge technological research, and technological research for social welfare. It will accelerate the establishment of a technological innovation system that is enterprise-oriented, market-oriented, and combines industry, academia and research, guide and support the concentration of innovative elements in enterprises, and promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real-life productive forces. Deepen the reform of the science and technology management system, optimize the allocation of scientific and technological resources, and improve the legal system, policy system, incentive mechanism and market environment to encourage technological innovation and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements. Implement the strategy of intellectual property rights. Make full use of international scientific and technological resources. Further create an environment that encourages innovation, endeavor to create world-class scientists and scientific and technological leaders, and focus on cultivating front-line innovative talents, so that innovative wisdom competes in society as a whole, and innovative talents from all aspects emerge in large numbers.　　(ii) Accelerating the transformation of the mode of economic development and promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. This is an urgent and important strategic task related to the overall situation of the national economy. We should adhere to the new road of industrialization with Chinese characteristics and the policy of expanding domestic demand, especially consumer demand, and promote the transformation of economic growth from being driven mainly by investment and export to being driven by the coordination of consumption, investment and export, from being driven mainly by the secondary industry to being driven by the synergy of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries, and from being driven mainly by the increase in consumption of materials and resources to being driven mainly by the improvement of science and technology, the improvement of the quality of workers, and the innovation of management. It will shift from relying mainly on increasing the consumption of material resources to relying mainly on scientific and technological progress, improving the quality of workers and management innovation. It will develop a modern industrial system, vigorously push forward the integration of informationization and industrialization, promote the transformation of industry from big to strong, revitalize the equipment manufacturing industry, and eliminate outdated production capacity; upgrade the high-tech industry, and develop the industries of information, biology, new materials, aerospace, and ocean; develop the modern service industry, and increase the proportion and level of the service industry; and enhance the infrastructure construction of basic industries, and accelerate the development of the modern energy industry and the comprehensive transportation system. . Ensure product quality and safety. Encourage the development of large enterprise groups with international competitiveness.　　(c) Integrate urban and rural development and promote the construction of a new socialist countryside. Solving the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers is related to the overall situation of building a moderately prosperous society, and must always be the top priority of the work of the whole Party. It is necessary to strengthen the fundamental status of agriculture, take the road of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics, establish a long-term mechanism to promote agriculture with industry and bring the countryside to the city, and form a new pattern of integration of urban and rural economic and social development. We will insist on making the development of modern agriculture and the prosperity of the rural economy our top priority, strengthening the construction of rural infrastructure, and improving the rural market and agricultural service system. It has increased its support for and benefit of agriculture, strictly protected arable land, increased agricultural inputs, promoted progress in agricultural science and technology, strengthened the comprehensive production capacity of agriculture, and ensured national food security. We will strengthen the prevention and control of animal and plant diseases, and improve the quality and safety of agricultural products. With the promotion of farmers' income as the core, develop township enterprises, strengthen the county economy, and transfer farmers' employment through multiple channels. Improve the level of poverty alleviation and development. Deepen the comprehensive reform of rural areas, promote the reform and innovation of the rural financial system, and reform the collective forest rights system. Adhere to the basic management system in rural areas, stabilize and improve the land contract relationship, improve the market for the transfer of land contract management rights in accordance with the principle of voluntariness and compensation in accordance with the law, and develop various forms of moderate-scale operation where conditions exist. Explore effective forms of realization of collective economy, develop farmers' professional cooperative organizations, and support the development of industrialized agricultural management and leading enterprises. Cultivate new types of farmers who are educated, technologically literate and able to run businesses, and give full play to the main role of the hundreds of millions of farmers in building a new countryside.　　(d) Strengthening energy and resource conservation and ecological and environmental protection, and enhancing the capacity for sustainable development. Adhering to the basic national policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment has a bearing on the immediate interests of the people and the survival and development of the Chinese nation. The construction of a resource-saving and environmentally friendly society must be placed in a prominent position in the development strategy of industrialization and modernization, and implemented in every unit and every household. It is necessary to improve the laws and policies conducive to the conservation of energy and resources and the protection of the ecological environment, and to accelerate the formation of an institutional mechanism for sustainable development. Implement the responsibility system for energy conservation and emission reduction. Develop and promote advanced and applicable technologies for conservation, substitution, recycling and pollution control, develop clean and renewable energy, protect land and water resources, build a scientific and reasonable energy resource utilization system, and improve the efficiency of energy resource utilization. Develop environmental protection industry. Increase investment in energy conservation and environmental protection, focusing on strengthening pollution prevention and control of water, air and soil, and improving the urban and rural living environment. Strengthen water conservancy, forestry and grassland construction, enhance desertification and rocky desertification control, and promote ecological restoration. It will strengthen capacity building for coping with climate change and make new contributions to protecting the global climate.　　(e) Promoting coordinated regional development and optimizing the pattern of land development. To narrow regional development gaps, we must focus on equalizing basic public ****services and guiding the rational flow of production factors across regions. It is necessary to continue to implement the overall strategy of regional development, further promote the development of the western region, comprehensively revitalize the old industrial bases in the northeastern region, vigorously promote the rise of the central region, and actively support the eastern region to take the lead in development. We will strengthen territorial planning, improve regional policies and adjust the economic layout in accordance with the requirements for the formation of major functional zones. Following the laws of the market economy and breaking through the boundaries of administrative divisions, a number of economic circles and economic belts with strong bandwidth and close ties will be formed. The layout of major projects should give full consideration to supporting the development of the central and western regions, and encourage the eastern region to drive and help the development of the central and western regions. Increase support for the development of old revolutionary, ethnic, border and poverty-stricken areas. Help resource-exhausted regions realize economic transformation. Give better play to the important roles of special economic zones, Shanghai Pudong New Area and Tianjin Binhai New Area in reform, opening-up and independent innovation. Take the road of urbanization with Chinese characteristics and promote the coordinated development of large, medium-sized and small cities and towns in accordance with the principles of integrating urban and rural areas, rational layout, land conservation, perfect functioning, and leading small towns with large ones. Focusing on enhancing the comprehensive carrying capacity and relying on megacities, it will form urban agglomerations with a large radiation effect and cultivate new economic growth poles.　　(vi) Improve the basic economic system and perfect the modern market system. Adhere to and improve the basic economic system with public ownership as the mainstay and a variety of ownership economies*** developing together, unswervingly consolidate and develop the public economy, unswervingly encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public economy, adhere to the equal protection of the right to property, and form a new situation in which all kinds of ownership economies compete on an equal footing and mutually promote each other. Deepen the reform of the corporate and shareholding system of state-owned enterprises, improve the modern enterprise system, optimize the layout and structure of the state-owned economy, and enhance the vitality, control and influence of the state-owned economy. Deepen the reform of monopolized industries, introduce competition mechanisms, and strengthen government supervision and social oversight. Accelerate the construction of the state-owned capital management budget system. Improve the management system and institutions for various types of state-owned assets. Promote the reform of collective enterprises and develop various forms of collective and cooperative economies. Promote fair access, improve financing conditions, break down institutional barriers, and promote the development of individual and private economies and small and medium-sized enterprises. Based on a modern property rights system, develop a mixed ownership economy. Accelerate the formation of a modern market system that is unified, open, competitive and orderly, develop markets for various factors of production, improve the price formation mechanism for factors of production and resources that reflects market supply and demand, the scarcity of resources, and the cost of environmental damage, standardize the development of industry associations and market intermediary organizations, and improve the social credit system.　　(vii) Deepen the reform of the fiscal, taxation and financial systems, and improve the macro-control system. Focusing on promoting the equalization of basic public **** services and the construction of main functional areas, improve the public **** financial system. It will deepen the reform of the budget system, strengthen budget management and supervision, improve the system of matching the financial power of the central and local governments with their authority, accelerate the formation of a unified, standardized and transparent financial transfer system, increase the scale and proportion of general transfers, and increase the investment in the area of public ****services. Improving the financial system below the provincial level and enhancing the ability of grass-roots governments to provide public **** services. A fiscal and taxation system conducive to scientific development will be implemented, and a sound system for the remunerative use of resources and a compensation mechanism for the ecological environment will be established. Promote the reform of the financial system, develop various types of financial markets, and form a modern financial system with multiple forms of ownership and operation, a reasonable structure, perfect functions, and high efficiency and safety. Improve the competitiveness of the banking, securities and insurance industries. Optimize the structure of the capital market and increase the proportion of direct financing through multiple channels. Strengthen and improve financial supervision, and prevent and resolve financial risks. Improve the RMB exchange rate formation mechanism and gradually realize the convertibility of capital items. Deepen the reform of the investment system, and improve and strictly enforce the market access system. Improve the national planning system. Give full play to the guiding role of national development planning, planning and industrial policies in macroeconomic regulation and control, and comprehensively utilize fiscal and monetary policies to improve the level of macroeconomic regulation and control.　　(viii) Expand the breadth and depth of opening up to the outside world and raise the level of the open economy. Adhere to the basic national policy of opening up to the outside world, better combine "bringing in" and "going out", expand the field of opening up, optimize the structure of opening up, improve the quality of opening up, improve the open economy system that is internally and externally linked, mutually beneficial***winning, safe and efficient, and form an open economy to participate in international economic cooperation under the conditions of economic globalization. under the conditions of economic globalization to participate in the new advantages of international economic cooperation and competition. Deepen the opening up of the coast, accelerate the opening up of the hinterland, enhance the opening up of the borders, and realize the mutual promotion of opening up internally and externally. Accelerate the transformation of the growth mode of foreign trade, based on quality, adjust the import and export structure, promote the transformation and upgrading of processing trade, and vigorously develop service trade. Innovate the way of utilizing foreign investment, optimize the structure of utilizing foreign investment, and give full play to the positive role of utilizing foreign investment in promoting independent innovation, industrial upgrading and coordinated regional development. It will innovate ways of foreign investment and cooperation, support enterprises to carry out internationalized operation in R&D, production and sales, and accelerate the cultivation of multinational corporations and internationally renowned brands in China. Actively carry out mutually beneficial cooperation in international energy resources. Implement the strategy of free trade zones and strengthen bilateral and multilateral economic and trade cooperation. Adopt comprehensive measures to promote a basic balance of payments. Focus on preventing international economic risks.　　Accelerating social construction with a focus on improving people's livelihoods (1) Prioritizing the development of education and building a strong human resource country. Education is the cornerstone of national revitalization, and educational equity is an important foundation for social equity. It is necessary to fully implement the Party's education policy, adhere to the principle of educating people first, give priority to moral education, implement quality education, improve the modernization of education, cultivate socialist builders and successors who are morally, intellectually, physically, socially and aesthetically well-rounded, and provide education to the satisfaction of the people. Optimize the structure of education, promote the balanced development of compulsory education, accelerate the popularization of senior secondary education, vigorously develop vocational education, and improve the quality of higher education. Emphasize pre-school education and care for special education. We will update the concept of education, deepen the reform of the teaching content and methods, the examination and enrollment system, and the quality evaluation system, reduce the burden of schoolwork on primary and secondary school students, and improve the overall quality of students. It will adhere to the public welfare nature of education, increase financial investment in education, standardize education fees, support education in impoverished and ethnic areas, improve the student financial aid system, and ensure that children from economically disadvantaged families and migrant workers in urban areas have equal access to compulsory education. Strengthening the development of the teaching force, with a focus on improving the quality of teachers in rural areas. Encourage and regulate social forces to organize education. Develop distance education and continuing education, and build a learning society in which all people can learn and learn throughout their lives.　　(ii) Implementing the development strategy of expanding employment and promoting entrepreneurship-led employment. Employment is the foundation of people's livelihood. It is necessary to insist on the implementation of a proactive employment policy, strengthen government guidance, improve the market mechanism for employment, expand the scale of employment and improve the structure of employment. We should improve policies to support independent entrepreneurship and self-employment, and strengthen education on employment concepts, so that more workers can become entrepreneurs. Improve the vocational education and training system for all workers, and strengthen training for the transfer of surplus rural laborers for employment. Establishing a unified and standardized human resources market and forming a system of equal employment for urban and rural workers. Improving the employment assistance system for all people in difficulty, and helping zero-employment families to resolve their employment difficulties in a timely manner. Actively do a good job of finding employment for college graduates. Regulating and coordinating labor relations, improving and implementing national policies for migrant workers, and safeguarding the rights and interests of workers in accordance with the law.　　(c) Deepening the reform of the income distribution system and increasing the incomes of urban and rural residents. A reasonable income distribution system is an important manifestation of social equity. It is necessary to adhere to and improve the distribution system, in which distribution according to work is the mainstay and a variety of distribution methods coexist; to improve the system in which factors of production such as labor, capital, technology and management participate in the distribution according to their contributions; and to deal with the relationship between efficiency and fairness in both primary distribution and redistribution, with redistribution focusing on fairness more than anything else. Gradually increase the proportion of residents' income in the distribution of national income, and increase the proportion of labor remuneration in the initial distribution. Efforts will be made to raise the incomes of low-income earners, to gradually raise poverty-alleviation standards and minimum wage standards, and to establish a mechanism for the normal growth of wages for enterprise workers and a mechanism for guaranteeing payment. Create conditions for more people to have property income. Legal income will be protected, excessive income regulated, and illegal income outlawed. Expanding transfer payments, strengthening tax regulation, breaking up business monopolies, creating fairness of opportunity, rectifying the distribution order, and gradually reversing the trend of widening income distribution gaps.　　(d) Accelerating the establishment of a social security system covering urban and rural residents to safeguard people's basic livelihood. Social security is an important guarantee of social stability. The social security system should be accelerated and improved on the basis of social insurance, social assistance and social welfare, with the basic old-age pension, basic medical care and minimum subsistence guarantee systems as the main focus, and supplemented by charitable endeavors and commercial insurance. We are promoting reform of the basic pension insurance system for enterprises, organizations and institutions, and exploring the establishment of a rural pension insurance system. Comprehensively promoting the construction of basic medical insurance for urban workers, basic medical insurance for urban residents, and a new type of rural cooperative medical system. Improve the minimum living security system for urban and rural residents, and gradually raise the level of security. Improve the unemployment, work-related injury and maternity insurance systems. Raise the level of coordination and formulate nationally unified methods for the transfer of social insurance relations. Adopt various methods to enrich the social security fund, strengthen its supervision, and realize the preservation and appreciation of its value. Improve the social assistance system. Do a good job of honoring and relocating people with disabilities. Carry forward the humanitarian spirit and develop the cause of the disabled. Strengthen the work of the elderly. Strengthen disaster prevention and mitigation work. Improve the low-cost housing system, and accelerate the resolution of housing difficulties of low-income urban families.　　(e) Establishing a basic medical and healthcare system and improving the health of the entire population. Health is the basis for comprehensive human development, and is related to the well-being of thousands of families. It is necessary to adhere to the public welfare nature of public *** health care, adhere to the principle of prevention, focus on rural areas, and give equal importance to both Chinese and Western medicine, implement the separation of government affairs, management and administration, medicine, profit-making and non-profit-making, strengthen the government's responsibility and investment, improve the national health policy, and encourage the participation of the community in the construction of a public *** health service system covering urban and rural residents, a health care system, a medical security system, and a drug supply and security system, and provide the public with safe, reliable, and affordable health services and medical care for the masses. guarantee system, and provide safe, effective, convenient and inexpensive medical and health services for the masses. It will improve the system for preventing and controlling major diseases, and enhance the ability to deal with emergencies in the event of public **** health emergencies. It will strengthen the construction of the three-tier health service network in rural areas and the urban community health service system, and deepen the reform of public hospitals. A national system of basic medicines has been established to ensure basic medication for the masses. Support the development of traditional Chinese medicine and ethnic medicine. Strengthen the construction of medical ethics and improve the quality of medical services. Ensure food and drug safety. Adhere to the basic national policy of family planning, stabilize the low fertility level, and improve the quality of the population at birth. Carry out patriotic health campaigns and develop maternal and child health.　　(f) Improve social management and maintain social stability and unity. Social stability is the people's ****same wish, is an important prerequisite for reform and development. It is necessary to improve the pattern of social management led by the Party committee, responsible by the government, coordinated by society, and participated by the public, and to improve the social management system at the grassroots level. Maximize the vitality of social creativity, maximize the number of harmonious factors, and minimize the number of disharmonious factors. It will properly handle internal contradictions among the people, improve the system of letters and visits, and perfect the mechanism for safeguarding the rights and interests of the public led by the Party and the government. Emphasis will be placed on the construction and management of social organizations. Strengthen the service and management of the floating population. Adhere to safe development, strengthen the management and supervision of production safety, and effectively curb serious safety accidents. Improve the emergency management mechanism for emergencies. It will improve the social security prevention and control system, strengthen the comprehensive management of social security, carry out in-depth activities to create peace, reform and strengthen urban and rural community policing, prevent and combat illegal and criminal activities in accordance with the law, and safeguard the safety of people's lives and property. Improve the national security strategy, improve the national security system, be highly vigilant and resolute in preventing all kinds of separatist, infiltration and subversive activities, and effectively safeguard national security.