Chemical self-help mutual rescue knowledge 1. Chemical accident mutual rescue (other rescue) should be how to operate
refers to the occurrence of hazardous chemical accidents, the scene of the accident victims of mutual rescue and other rescue or social rescue forces to organize and implement all the rescue measures and actions.
Mutual rescue (other rescue) is a reflection of the humanitarianism of saving lives and the socialist spiritual civilization of mutual help. In the event of major hazardous chemical accidents, especially catastrophic hazardous chemical accidents, in the case of their own rescue forces are limited, it is quite important to strive for other people's help and social forces to rescue.
Chemical system hospitals, occupational prevention institutes, especially emergency rescue centers for hazardous chemical accidents in the medical rescue of hazardous chemical accidents, to give full play to the role of first aid, technical advice, guidance, training, and make due contribution to the rescue work.
2. What are the methods of self-rescue and mutual rescue for chemical burns
(1) Move away from the scene quickly, take off the contaminated clothes, and immediately flush with a large amount of flowing water for 20?30 minutes.
The rinsing time should be prolonged after alkaline contamination, and special attention should be paid to the eyes and other special parts, such as the head and face, hands, perineum rinsing, and after the burn wound is rinsed by the water, if necessary, the reasonable neutralization treatment. (2) Chemical burn wounds should be thoroughly debridement, cut off blisters, remove necrotic tissue.
Deep wounds should be immediately or early cut (cut) scab implantation and delayed implantation. For example, after the yellow phosphorus burns should be cut as early as possible to prevent phosphorus absorption poisoning.
(3) Some chemical burns, such as cyanide, phenols, barium chloride, hydrofluoric acid, etc. in the washout, should be appropriate detoxification first aid treatment. (4) chemical burns combined with shock, rinse from the speed, from the simple, active anti-shock treatment.
(5) active prevention and treatment of infection, the rational use of antibiotics. First aid measures for acid burns: (1) quickly remove or cut off the contaminated clothing, and immediately rinse with a large amount of flowing water for 20 to 30 minutes.
(2) Neutralization treatment, rinse with 5% sodium bicarbonate solution wet compresses, neutralization and then rinse with water to prevent further penetration of acid. (3) Cleansing and removal of blisters to prevent the acid from remaining and continuing to act.
(4) The trauma is usually treated with exposure therapy.
3. What is the common sense of self-rescue and mutual rescue in emergencies
How to deal with unexpected disasters?
How to deal with unexpected disasters and how to save yourself in case of danger? Experts summarized the following correct self-help methods for different dangers.
When an earthquake occurs: you should first take cover and then escape, and then go out after the shaking stops. Do not stand in the center of the room when hiding, should be timely to find a place to hide with support.
When you evacuate, take the stairs, not the elevator. Vehicle fire: vehicle fire to the police in a timely manner, and then to make full use of the fire extinguishing equipment to actively save themselves, there is no fire extinguishing equipment or fire extinguishing equipment is not enough, you can use clothes, quilts and other things to fight the fire.
When the subway fails: pay attention to the subway artificial radio, and listen to the staff unified command and guidance, along the specified direction of evacuation. It is best to use wet clothes, towels, masks and other fabrics to cover the nose, walk against the wind, do not breathe y.
When you fall into the water by boat: you should quickly put on a life jacket and signal for help. Unless there is no other way, do not abandon ship.
Once you abandon the boat, you should face the wind, arms folded in front of the chest, press the lifejacket, and cover your nose and mouth with both hands to jump into the water. High-rise fire: do not escape into the elevator, use the stairs to save the day.
When living on a high floor, the room can be torn into sheets, curtains and other fabrics can be loaded into a rope, tied to the window or balcony of the components to the fire layer to escape. When all access is cut off, the best place to take refuge is the bathroom.
When food poisoning: you should immediately call for help from the emergency center 120, then use your fingers, chopsticks, etc. *** the root of the tongue to induce vomiting, and drink a lot of warm boiled water or dilute salt water to reduce the absorption of toxins. When hijacked: the most important thing is to try to remain calm, do not do unnecessary resistance.
At the same time, to try to observe the characteristics of the hijacker, for rescue or later case detection to win clues. In the event of burns: good first aid at the scene and early appropriate treatment can make the injury does not continue to aggravate, prevent infection and prevent shock.
In the case of burns occur: 1, should be calm and collected, so that the injured person from the fire source. 2, clothes on fire, immediately remove the fire clothes or roll on the ground to extinguish the flame, do not run, so as not to wind to help the fire, aggravate the injury; 3, available bedding, blankets and other cover fire.
4, high-temperature water or oil burns, should immediately be scalded parts immersed in cold water or cold water and ice water rinse, to reduce the heat continues to stay on the skin to play a role. 5, serious burns, the wound should not be coated with drugs, with disinfectant dressings or clean sheets and other simple bandages to prevent further damage and pollution.
6, in the cold season to pay attention to the body's warmth, as soon as possible to the hospital. Small area of mild burns: 1, early without the formation of blisters, red heat and pain, can be rubbed with vegetable oil, soybean oil, cool oil and blue oil hydrocarbons, etc. or with sterilized petroleum jelly gauze cover, can also be used to soy sauce wet compresses, which can play a role in reducing swelling and pain relief.
2, has formed blisters, first with 0.1% Neosporin solution or 75% alcohol coated with the surrounding skin, the wound with saline or soapy water rinse clean, in sterile conditions, the bubble liquid pumping out, the wound with three sulfur ointment, tetracycline ointment, scald cream or sterilized Vaseline gauze pressure bandage. Second-degree scald: treatment should pay attention to the prevention of infection, and give painkillers to reduce pain.
Large area burns: must be immediately sent to the hospital emergency. Swimming self-help methods 1. leg cramps If the cramps occur in shallow water, you can immediately stand and force to extend the stirrups, or hand to the foot thumb to break up, and *** calf can be relieved.
If you are in deep water, you can take the backstroke position, straighten the leg of the cramp without moving, and then swim to the shore with your hand and the other leg when it is slightly relieved, and then deal with it according to the above methods. 2. Choking Don't panic when you are choking, just adjust your breathing action.
If it occurs in deep water and you feel very tired and can not continue to swim, you can call the bystanders to help the shore to rest. 3. Abdominal pain is caused by abdominal shock.
Before entering the water should be fully prepared, such as hand *** navel for a few minutes, with a small amount of water to wipe the chest, abdomen and the whole body, in order to adapt to the water temperature. If abdominal pain occurs in the water, you should immediately go ashore and pay attention to keep warm.
You can bring a bottle of patchouli water, drink the abdominal pain will gradually disappear. 4. dizziness Swimming too long or just empty stomach, may be dizzy, nausea, which is caused by fatigue and lack of oxygen.
To pay attention to warmth, *** muscle, drink some sugar water or eat some fruit, etc., can soon be restored. Critical patient self-help methods of mutual aid craniocerebral injury first aid: first on-site first aid to stop bleeding bandage.
If it has caused bleeding in the nose, ears, eyes and other five senses, do not use cotton balls and other filling method to stop bleeding, otherwise it will cause blood to accumulate in the skull causing intracranial hypertension and infection. It should be allowed to flow out, and the flowing blood can be wiped away with a clean cloth without stopping.
In the presence of hematoma, a cold towel should be applied to the mass to promote dissipation. Care should be taken to keep the airway open in an unconscious person.
First aid for angina: the patient should sit down or rest in bed, or squat in place if outdoors. Immediate oral nitroglycerin or anticardiac pain.
When there is no first aid for a while, you can pinch or pinch the inner joints, which also has the effect of stopping headache, quieting and activating blood. First aid for acute myocardial infarction: absolute bed rest, avoid light, prevent bad ***.
Oxygen should be inhaled in time when available. Nitroglycerin tablets should be given.
Eat fluids or semi-fluids, ensure that the necessary calories and keep the bowel movement. The patient should be moved only under the supervision of a doctor.
First aid for stroke: In medicine, stroke is called cerebrovascular accident. Family members or people at the scene should not push or turn the patient.
Reduce light and sound ***. The patient to take the flat position, should not be padded pillow, need to take off the patient's clothes, with gauze wrapped around the patient's tongue pulled out, and timely elimination of mucus in the mouth, secretions and vomit, so that the airway is open.
Place ice or cold towels on the patient's forehead to help stop bleeding and reduce intracranial pressure. Keep the patient in a horizontal position when moving him.
Ten ways for children to help themselves How can children cope with emergencies and threats? The following ten methods can be referred to. First, pay attention to get a sense of In a pinch, you should trust your intuition.
Parents should not only warn their children to pay attention to the people and events they come in contact with to get a feeling of uneasiness, but also to listen and encourage their children to talk about the people they feel uneasy about.
4. Where is the knowledge of self-rescue
What is the principle of self-rescue? A: First save lives, then save injuries.
First do cardiac resuscitation, save the person alive, and then trauma treatment. Cardiac resuscitation **** divided into several steps? A: Eight steps.
Determine consciousness, call for help, set up a lateral position, open the airway, check breathing, mouth-to-mouth blowing, check the pulse, cardiac compression. What are the four major techniques of trauma scene first aid? A: Hemostasis, bandaging, immobilization, handling.
How do you dress a wound? A: The materials used are: bandages, triangular towels, or local materials. Dressing requirements: light, fast, accurate, firm, first cover and then wrap (clean dressings), not too tight or knot in the wound to expose the limb.
How can a person transport the wounded? A: can be used to support the method, back method, crawling method or holding method. Two people how to transport the injured? A: can be used sedan chair bar type or two-person pull car type.
Three people how to transport the injured? A: Three people can be used to transport the same side. How to make a simple stretcher? A: Can be made into a simple stretcher by using tops, sheets, ropes, door boards and wooden sticks.
What should be noted when carrying? A: the casualty should lie down should not sit, comatose casualties should be lying on the side or head side position, to closely observe the casualty's appearance; to protect the cervical spine, spine and pelvis.
5. Talk about the emergencies of self-help mutual rescue common sense what
Self-help mutual rescue common sense a. Diseases (a) cardiac enzyme resuscitation (b) choking 1, how to give first aid after inhalation of foreign objects? As a result of carelessness or hurry, inadvertently peanuts, jelly, melon seeds, dates, buttons, coins, etc. inhaled into the trachea, resulting in the trachea by ***, suddenly appeared violent choking, whistling.
Foreign object blocking the trachea, there can be breathlessness, hoarseness, pale or purple, dyspnea, or even suffocation. The situation is urgent, first aid is a matter of seconds, a few minutes can lead to death by asphyxiation.
First, remove the vomit or food debris in the nose and mouth. Method 1: Heimlich's method of operation, the specific operation method is as follows: when the patient suddenly occurs respiratory foreign body caused by asphyxia, immediately make it bend forward, the operator stood in the back of the patient, two hands together to hold the patient, one of the hands make a fist, in the patient's epigastric force violently upward, with the help of the gastric alveolus and the lungs of the residual gas extrusion pressure, so that the foreign body clucked out.
Method 2: For prone patients, let the patient bend the knees and curl up, face the rescuer, and the rescuer use the knee and thigh against the patient's chest, and use the root of the palm in the interscapular region of the spine for four consecutive strong pats, so that the foreign body is discharged. 2, first aid en route a. If the patient suffocates, let the patient lie on his back, head tilted to the side, and take the head-low-leg-high position, and gently pat the back to exclude the obstruction of the trachea, or put the patient on his back, and tilt the head back, so that the neck is straightened, or put the patient on his back, and let the head back, so that the neck is straightened out. Or put the patient on his back with his head tilted back so that the neck is straight, the first aiders will put the palm of the right hand on the upper part of the patient's abdomen under the position of the xiphoid process, from the bottom upward and slightly backward pressure, so that the obstruction can be discharged.
The patient stopped breathing or cardiac arrest, should immediately take cardiopulmonary resuscitation, that is, mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration or chest heart ***. b. The patient to take the head low foot high lateral position, in order to facilitate *** drainage. c. The patient should take the head low foot high lateral position, in order to facilitate *** drainage. d. The patient should take the head low foot high side position, in order to facilitate *** drainage.
Use chopsticks or smooth thin wooden boards to pry open the patient's mouth, inserted between the upper and lower teeth, or use a towel to roll a small mouth to open the mouth, clean up the oral cavity, nasal cavity, throat of foreign bodies, to maintain a clear airway. c. Report to the teacher and at the same time, to the first aid station or nearby hospitals for help.
(C) hypertensive crisis 1, do not panic in front of the patient, let the patient rest quietly, head elevated, take the semi-recumbent position, as far as possible to avoid the light, the patient, if conscious, you can immediately take dihydroketorolac tiare 2 tablets, 2 tablets of valium; or compound antihypertensive tablets 2 tablets, drink less water, and as soon as possible to send the patient to the hospital to save the patient. 2, in the road to the hospital, the traveling car try to be as smooth as possible, so as not to be overly bumpy and caused by the The patient's headache is not a cause of brain hemorrhage.
Severe headache can be needled at Baihui point (the line connecting the tips of the two ears at the midpoint of the head) to make it bleed to relieve the headache. Spring, summer, fall and winter to take the road to health to see the four seasons of health network healthy diet Keeping up with the problems of mother and child health care Keeping up with common sense 3, if a convulsion occurs, you can hand pinch the Hegu, Renzhong points.
Pay attention to keep the unconscious person's airway open, let him lie on his side, pull the jaw forward, in order to facilitate breathing. (D) cerebral hemorrhage, stroke, stroke 1, classmates occur cerebral hemorrhage, stroke, stroke, do not be too alarmed, should remain calm, comfort the patient.
2, the patient must be absolutely quiet bed (cerebral hemorrhage patients head cushion), loose collar button, head and body to one side, to prevent oral secretions and vomit into the airway, in order to keep the airway open, emergency call 120 for treatment. 3, at the same time, to avoid forcibly moving the patient, especially pay attention to the head of the stability, or it will miss the most favorable time to treat the condition of the disease aggravated by the failure of the resuscitation.
(E) gastric perforation do not cover the stomach roll, should be lying on the left side of the bed. The reason is that most of the perforated parts are located in the right side of the stomach.
Lying on the left side of the bed effectively prevents stomach acid and food from flowing further into the abdominal cavity and exacerbating the condition. If paramedics are unable to reach the patient in time, but there is some simple medical equipment on site, the patient may be able to insert a gastric tube themselves with the help of a classmate.
Specific method: insert the tube into the nostril, to the throat, and swallow hard while breathing, to swallow the tube into the stomach. The contents of the stomach are then withdrawn with a syringe, which reduces the degree of infection in the abdominal cavity and buys the patient time for treatment, remembering that the patient must also lie on his left side at this time.
(F) heatstroke 1, quickly move the patient to a cool, ventilated place, so that it lies flat, fan or fan for him to fan, unzip his collar and pants, in order to facilitate the patient's breathing and heat dissipation. 2, with cold water or diluted alcohol to help the patient to wipe his body, but also can be used to cold water drenched towels or ice bags, ice on the patient's neck, armpits, or the root of the thighs in the groin and other parts of the large arteries and blood vessels, to help the patient to cool down.
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3, feel uncomfortable, timely use of the human Dan, ten drops of water, patchouli Zhengqi water and other summer medicines, and drink more light salt water to supplement the loss of body fluids. If the patient has been unconscious, the patient's thumbs can be pressed, such as the middle, Hegu and other points.
After waking up, the patient must lie down and rest in a cool and ventilated place, if you go back to the hot environment, it will trigger more serious consequences than before. 4, need to remind is not to be overly fatigued when you go out, you can walk for a while on a proper rest.
5, go out the best to wear a cool hat, play an umbrella. In the higher temperature of the room should open the fan, accelerate the air convection, but do not blow directly to the body.
Hot days go out as much as possible to carry along with the summer medicine in case of emergency, such as ten drops of water, patchouli Zhengqi water, Qingliang oil, Rendan, etc. 6, in addition, if someone fainted or coma, and there is an unexplained high fever, simple treatment, you should immediately call the 120 to seek medical attention.
Second, trauma endorses (7) nosebleed 1, if you encounter nosebleed, must remain calm, never panic, otherwise the blood pressure rises, will aggravate the bleeding. 2, if you feel that there is blood flow into the mouth should try to spit out, so as not to *** stomach.
3, a small amount of bleeding, the cotton ball stuffed into the nostrils, pressure nostrils 5-10 minutes, such as bleeding is not relieved, can be appropriate to extend the time, and in the nose and forehead cold compresses, such as the addition of Yunnan Baiyao effect will be better. If the bleeding is intense or repeated bleeding should be timely to the hospital.
(H) ankle sprain 1, immediately stop walking, sports or labor and other activities, take a sitting position or lying down, at the same time, available pillows, bedding or clothing, backpacks, etc. to the foot cushion high, in order to facilitate venous return, thereby reducing swelling and pain. 2, immediately with an ice bag or cold towel compresses the local, so that capillary contraction, in order to reduce the bleeding or oozing, thereby reducing swelling and pain.
3, cold compresses at the same time or cold compresses can be used after the bandage, triangular towel and other fabric pressure bandage around the ankle joint. You can also use several strips of wide tape from the bottom of the foot to the ankle joint and the back of the foot to paste and fix the ankle joint, in order to reduce the mobility.
Regardless of the bandage or adhesive tape should be used to make the injured outer ankle to form the foot external rotation or the injured inner ankle to form the foot internal rotation, in order to reduce the pull on the injured collateral ligament or muscle, so as to reduce or avoid aggravation of the injury.4. If the hair has been issued.