Standard prophylaxis means that the patient's blood, body fluids, secretions, and excretions are considered infectious and need to be isolated.
Prophylaxis is mandatory for anyone who comes into contact with these substances, regardless of whether there is visible blood, contamination, or contact with non-intact skin and mucous membranes.
Combining many of the characteristics of universal precautions and isolation of substances in the body, it is determined that the patient's blood, body fluids, secretions, and excretions are infectious and require isolation.
Whether or not there is obvious blood contamination or contact with non-intact skin and mucous membranes. Contact with these substances must take protective measures. According to the transmission route to take contact isolation, droplet isolation, air isolation, is the prevention of hospital infections successful and effective measures.
Standard precautionary operating principles:
1, standard precautionary operations for all patients to implement the whole process
2, regardless of whether the patient is diagnosed with or can be infected with infectious diseases are taken
3, including hand-washing, gloves, isolation gowns, protective eyes and masks and other basic measures
3, including hand-washing, gloves, isolation gowns, protective eyes and masks. Measures
4, may come into contact with the patient's body fluids, blood operation must wear gloves
5, operation is completed after removing the gloves should wash their hands, if necessary, hand disinfection
6, the possibility of blood, body fluids splash to the face of the medical staff: wear impermeable masks, protective eyewear
7, there is the possibility of blood, body fluids contaminated by a large area of splashing Body: wear an impermeable gown or apron
8, hand skin breakage may come into contact with the patient's blood, body fluids: wear double gloves
9, wearing gloves in the process of operation, should be avoided has been contaminated gloves touching the clean area or objects
10, invasive diagnosis and treatment, nursing operation process:
① Ensure that sufficient light
② Pay special attention to prevent stabbing/scratching by needles, suture needles, razor blades and other sharp objects
11, the use of sharp objects to prevent stabbing:
① Directly into the puncture-resistant, leakage-proof sharps box
② The use of syringes, infusion sets with safety features
12, immediately clean up the contaminated environment
13, prohibited to re-cover disposable needles after use. After the use of disposable needles to re-cover the needle sleeve
14, prohibit direct hand contact with the use of needles, razor sharp
15, to ensure the proper handling of waste
① transport waste must wear thick latex cleaning gloves
② handling body fluid waste must wear protective eyewear
Preventive measures:
1, hand washing: contact with blood, body fluids, excretions, secretions may be contaminated after taking off gloves, to wash your hands or use rapid hand sanitizer hand washing.
2. Gloves: gloves should be worn when in contact with blood, body fluids, excretions, secretions, and broken skin and mucous membranes; gloves must be changed between two patients; gloves are not a substitute for hand washing.
3, masks, goggles and masks: wearing masks and goggles can also reduce the patient's body fluids, blood, secretions and other liquids of infectious substances splashed into the eyes of the health care workers, the oral cavity and nasal mucosa.
4, isolation clothing: wear isolation clothing to prevent contamination by infectious blood, secretions, exudate, splash water and a large number of infectious materials only when used. Wash your hands immediately after removing the isolation garment to avoid contamination of other patients and the environment.
5. Reusable equipment: ?
(1) Reusable medical supplies and medical equipment are disinfected or sterilized as needed when used for the next patient.
(2) When handling instruments and equipment contaminated by blood, body fluids, secretions and excretions, it is important to prevent exposure of staff skin and mucous membranes and contamination of work clothes so that pathogenic microorganisms are spread to patients and contaminate the environment.
(3) Sharps that need to be reused should be placed in puncture-proof containers for transportation, handling and prevention of puncture wounds.
(4) Single-use sharps, such as needles, are placed in puncture-proof, leak-proof containers for harmless disposal.
6, object surfaces, the environment, clothing and food and beverage disinfection:
(1) the environment of the general ward of the hospital, object surfaces, including bed rails, bedside, bedside tables, chairs, door knobs and other frequently contacted surfaces are regularly cleaned, disinfected at any time in the event of contamination.
(2) When handling and transporting bedclothes and clothing contaminated by blood, body fluids, secretions, and excretions, it is important to prevent skin exposure of medical personnel and contamination of work clothes and the environment.
(3) Reusable eating and drinking utensils should be cleaned and sterilized before reuse, and disposable eating and drinking utensils should be used as much as possible for isolated patients.?
(4) Reusable clothing is placed in a special bag and transported to a designated location to be cleaned, disinfected, and prevented from contamination during transport.
7, the first aid place may appear to need resuscitation, with simple breathing bag (resuscitation bag) or other ventilation device in order to replace the mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration method.
8. Medical waste should be treated harmlessly in accordance with the Regulations on the Management of Medical Waste issued by the state and its related laws and regulations. Contact isolation1 Contact transmission refers to the disease spread through contact, contact transmission is the main and common way of transmission of hospital infections, generally including direct transmission and indirect transmission.
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