Acceptance of the police is the first disposal of chemical disaster accident, is related to the disposal of personnel safety and disposal of the first part of the success or failure. First, the police acceptance must do "location clear, situation clear". The first batch of forces rushed to the scene to accept the task of the disaster and the hazardous judgment of the main source of the command center of the car instructions, if the police acceptance of this pass is not put in place, the situation is not clear, will cause unforeseen consequences. The second is to receive the police acceptance must understand the form of disaster accident, accident material type, name, state, physical and chemical properties. This is a decisive role in the accident first disposal judgment, is the first power mobilization with targeted, reasonable main basis. Third, the police acceptance must pay attention to various ways to understand some of the details of the accident location. Such as the name of chemical hazards, leakage or fire, is occurring in the storage and transportation or occur in the production process. Through the red box or chemical disaster disposal auxiliary decision-making system can be Charlie chemical nature and disposal methods, on-site commanders in order to have a number of not timid, such as the Shangyu "5?25" Laitjia methanol tanks exploded and burned accidents; Shangyu "7?18" macro-chemical Chemical raw materials warehouse sodium methanol explosion combustion accident, are good use of the red box and chemical disaster disposal of auxiliary decision-making system to find the physical and chemical properties of the substance and disposal methods.
(B) mobilization of forces
Disposal of chemical disaster fire brigade is not more good, according to the linkage, lean, enough, the basic principle of preparedness to determine. Power mobilization basic requirements are: "accurate", "fast", "strong". That is, the case address, disposal object, the form of disaster to "quasi"; police speed, disaster judgment, power deployment to "fast"; the first mobilization, special equipment, command power to "strong". First, start the city disaster emergency response system. A city or region in the event of a disaster, there must be a government organization and command, the whole society *** with the face of the fire brigade to actively participate in, or the fire brigade is the front disposal of the fist, the sharp knife or the main force. Secondly, the realization of the area of responsibility of the fire department and special duty, adjacent to the best match of the large (in) team. Area of responsibility fire department is still the disposal of chemical disaster accident first mobilization force, because the situation is familiar, but also in the first time to the scene, can better implement control measures. Third, timely mobilization of social linkage forces. In the fire brigade to respond to the police at the same time, to mobilize early social linkage forces, including public security, armed police, medical and health, environmental protection and quarantine, power supply and water supply, transportation and other units of power, in order to improve the rescue function, enhance the rescue force. Fourth, the organization of the necessary second line of defense. Chemical disaster accidents, often easily triggered by explosions and combustion disasters, on-site commanders in the organization of the disposal, be sure to mobilize the appropriate number of troops in the vicinity of the scene on standby, once there is an explosion and combustion and other mutations, and immediately put into action to control the situation.
(C) to identify the situation
To identify the situation is the correct decision-making, effective disposal of the prerequisite. First, ask those who know. To ask the unit engineers and technicians to understand the correct name and physical and chemical properties of chemical substances, total storage, leakage flow and related technical conditions, to understand the disaster area and its surrounding environmental characteristics, population and unit distribution, in order to have a clear picture, to assist in decision-making. Second, on-site detection. Reconnaissance is the first part of the chemical disaster accident disposal, to use reconnaissance instruments to detect the accident site gas concentration and diffusion range, and do a good job of dynamic monitoring. According to the different disaster conditions, sent a number of reconnaissance team, the accident scene reconnaissance, reconnaissance team consists of 2-3 people (of which 1 should be a unit of technical personnel). Third, retrieve the decision-making assistance system. The whole command network should start the pre-established disaster accident disposal plan, guide the participating officers and soldiers to implement the correct action, clear precautions; refer to the chemical disaster accident disposal decision-making assistance system, scientifically delimit the spread of leaks; consult the experts, listen to
(iv) set up alert
Alert is based on the scope of the hazardous chemical wave, in order to reduce the number of casualties or other secondary disasters. An area delineated, according to reconnaissance and detection, to determine the scope of vigilance, set up vigilance signs, set up vigilance personnel. According to the experience of actual combat disposal, the unknown chemical disaster accident alert set up range upwind within 100 meters for the critical area, 100-150 meters for the light danger area, 150-200 meters for the firefighting activities, 200 meters away from the safety zone, downwind according to the wind speed and other surroundings.
(E) strengthen the protection
According to the toxicity of hazardous chemicals to delineate the corresponding hazardous areas, enter the scene of the accident, are to wear isolation respirators, into the internal implementation of the task of shutting off the valve of the attackers underwear must be with pure cotton, outside the fully enclosed chemically resistant clothing, or other types of chemical protective clothing. First, into the heavy hazard zone, personnel to implement a level of protection, especially the skin, respiratory tract shall not be contacted. The second is to enter the light hazardous area, personnel to implement the second level of protection. Third, where the scene of non-safety area involved in the disposal of personnel, the minimum protection shall not be less than three levels.
(F) Disposal Countermeasures
For different chemical disaster accidents, disposal countermeasures include: shutting off the valve to cut off the source, inverted tank transfer, emergency leakage plugging, cooling and explosion-proofing, water injection and drainage, spray dilution, ignition, recycling and so on. In the disposal at the same time, insist on saving people first. First, save people first. If there are people trapped, the formation of rescue attack team, carrying life-saving equipment to quickly enter the danger zone, should be immediately rescued from the trapped people, special teams and special squadrons to bear the heavy responsibility. Second, spray dilution (poison reduction). With the leakage point as the center, set up a water curtain or spray water around the tanks and containers for dilution and poison reduction, using fog jets to form a wall of water curtains to prevent leaks from spreading to important targets or sources of danger, but it is not advisable to use straight water. Third, shut down the valve to cut off the source. Production device leakage, firefighters actively cooperate with the accident unit of relevant technical personnel and business skilled workers in the premise of strict protective measures, cut off the supply of materials, cut off the source of the accident. Firefighters are responsible for flowering or spray water gun cover. Fourth, pouring tank transfer. Storage tanks, container wall leakage, can not plug the leak, you can take the inverted tank technology poured into other containers or storage tanks in two ways. The use of tank pressure difference inverted tanks, that is, high liquid level, high pressure tanks to the empty tank diversion, with the opening of the hydrocarbon pump inverted tanks, transfer to other tanks, inverted tanks can not use a compressor. The compressor will increase the pressure of the leaking container and aggravate the leakage. Tank measures, must be taken with the person in charge of the enterprise, technical personnel *** with the demonstration study, in order to confirm the safety and effectiveness of the premise of the organization and implementation. Fifth, the implementation of plugging. According to the site leakage, study the development of leakage program, and strictly in accordance with the implementation of the leakage plugging program, if the flammable gas leakage, all plugging behavior must take explosion-proof measures. Pipeline wall leakage, you can use different shapes of leakage pads, leakage bags and other appliances to implement the sealing. According to the leakage of objects for non-water-soluble liquefied gases, the tank can be injected into the appropriate amount of water, raise the liquid level, the formation of water matting, mitigation of danger, with the plugging. Sixth, ignition. Take measures to ignite, there should be safety conditions and strict precautions, must be carefully considered, in collaboration with technical personnel to proceed cautiously. Ignition principle, according to the scene, can not be implemented to plug the leak, not ignition will bring more serious catastrophic consequences, leakage in densely populated areas, can not be transferred, and ignition leads to stable combustion. Ignition preparation to confirm the evacuation of people in the hazardous area, cooling, fire extinguishing, cover and other precautions ready. There is no high concentration of mixed combustible gases in the vicinity of the leak. Ignition methods using a long pole to ignite, supplemented by the ignition of the fuse, throwing fire ignition and other methods. Seventh, the volume of containers containing hazardous chemicals is not large, and still leaking, the containers containing hazardous chemicals can be transferred to safe containers, and handed over to the relevant departments for disposal. The chemical hazardous materials have been leaking to take agents to neutralize or use transfer pumps to collect and remove pollution.
(VII) decontamination
After the chemical accident, the accident site and the nearby roads, water sources may be seriously contaminated, if not decontaminated in time, the pollution will spread rapidly, causing greater harm. First, the equipment personnel decontamination. In order to reduce the expansion of pollution, to eliminate secondary pollution, in the disposal process, the cordon area operators, equipment and equipment to carry out thorough decontamination, eliminate chemical hazards on the human body and equipment infringement, decontamination must be set up at the exit of the decontamination room or decontamination tents to be carried out within the decontamination solution to be centrally recycled. Second, environmental decontamination. Available chemical disinfection method, the disinfectant water solution loaded in the fire truck tanks, pressurized by the fire pump, through the water belt, water gun to bloom or spray water spray. Can also be used for physical disinfection method, that is, with adsorption pads, activated carbon and other substances with adsorption capacity, adsorption and recovery after the transfer of processing, can also be used to dilute the spray mist water to reduce the toxicity.
Three, disposal action requirements and precautions
(a) into the cordon area of the rescue personnel to be lean, combatants should be in the case of good self-protection into the cordon area. Entering the toxic area must be isolated chemical resistant clothing, wearing air pagers, wearing insulated gloves; chemical resistant clothing within the gloves, masks and other parts of the suit should be coated with talcum powder before dressing to keep the skin dry. To attack from the upwind or side wind direction, and cover with spray water gun.
(ii) the command set, rescue vehicles parked, alert security area (firefighting activity area) is located in the upwind direction.
(C) on the unknown chemical hazardous materials must be sampled for laboratory testing, can not be based on experience to determine what chemical hazardous materials as a matter of course.
(4) The entire disposal operation must have sufficient oxygen (air) supply.
(e) chemical contamination, officers and soldiers to the scene, depending on the circumstances, to notify the chemical experts to the scene disposal.
(F) in the disposal of chemical hazardous material leakage, to take measures to prevent the chemical hazardous material into the sewers and rivers.