At 00:02 on January 6, 2005, China's 1.3 billionth citizen was born in Beijing Maternity Hospital, which became "China's 1.3 Billion People Day".
On November 9, 2005, Liu Zhifeng, China's vice minister of construction, said that China's current urban population is about 540 million, accounting for 41.8 percent of the total population. >>
Data from the fifth national census at 0:00 on November 1, 2000: The total population of the country was 1295.33 million The number of people
The number of people
(10,000 people)
The number of people
(10,000 people)
The number of people
The number of people
The number of people
The number of people
The number of people
The number of people
The number of people
The number of people
(10,000)
Beijing
1382
Tianjin
1001
Hebei
6744
Shanxi
3297
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
2376
Liaoning
4238
Jilin
2728
Heilongjiang
3689
Shanghai
1674
Jiangsu
7438
Zhejiang
4677
Anhui
5986
Fujian Province (excluding Kinmen, Matsu and other islands)
3471
Jiangxi Province
4140
Shandong Province
9079
Henan Province
9256
Hubei Province
6028
Hunan Province
6440
Guangdong Province
8642
Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
4489
Hainan Province
787
Chongqing Municipality
3090
Sichuan Province
8329
Guizhou Province
3525
Yunnan Province
4288
Tibet Autonomous Region
262
Shaanxi Province
3605
Gansu Province
2562
Qinghai Province
518
Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
562
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
1925
PLA Active Duty Military Personnel
250
China is also one of the world's more densely populated countries, with an average population density of 134 people per square kilometer. However, the distribution is quite uneven: the eastern coastal areas are densely populated, with more than 400 people per square kilometer; the central areas have more than 200 people per square kilometer; and the western plateau areas are sparsely populated, with less than 10 people per square kilometer. Tibet's total Tibetan population has doubled in 40 years Shenzhen's resident population has reached 8,269,400 people
The composition of China's population is roughly in the proportions (%) shown in the following chart:
By gender
By urban and rural areas
By age
Male
Female
Urban
Rural
Under 14 years old
15-64 years old
Over 65 years old
51.65%
48.5%
37.7%
62.3%
22.5%
70.4%
7.1% China is the world's developing country with the largest population in the world. A large population, a relative lack of resources and a weak environmental carrying capacity are China's basic national conditions at this stage, and it is difficult to change them in a short period of time. The population issue is a long-term problem facing China at the primary stage of socialism, and is a key factor in China's economic and social development.
Solving the population problem in an integrated manner has always been a major and urgent strategic task for China in realizing economic development, social progress and sustainable development. Since the 1970s, the Chinese Government has persistently implemented the basic state policy of family planning nationwide, encouraging late marriage and late childbearing, and advocating the birth of one child per couple, with reasonable arrangements for the birth of a second child in accordance with laws and regulations. After 30 years of strenuous efforts, China, with an underdeveloped economy, has effectively controlled excessive population growth, reduced fertility levels to below replacement level, realized a historic shift in the type of population reproduction from a high birth rate, a low death rate and a high rate of natural increase to a low birth rate, a low death rate and a low rate of natural increase, and successfully explored a comprehensive approach to the management of the population problem that is distinctive to China. This has strongly contributed to the improvement of China's comprehensive national strength, social progress and people's lives, and has made a positive contribution to stabilizing the world's population.
The Chinese Government adheres to an integrated approach to population and development. It incorporates population development into the overall planning of national economic and social development, and strives to harmonize population development with economic and social development, and to make it compatible with resource utilization and environmental protection. Since the 1990s, it has convened annual symposiums on population, resources and the environment, considered and coordinated the deployment of these issues, mobilized the forces of society as a whole, and adopted a variety of measures, including legal, advocacy, economic and administrative measures, to comprehensively address and resolve population issues, integrating economic development, family planning, universal education, health improvement, poverty eradication, improvement of social security, the advancement of women, and the building of civilized and happy families. In 2003, the National Family Planning Commission was renamed the National Population and Family Planning Commission, in order to strengthen the study of population development strategies and comprehensive coordination, and to formulate and implement population development plans in a more scientific manner; at the beginning of 2004, the Chinese Government organized experts and scholars from a wide range of disciplines to formally launch the "Study of National Population Development Strategies", a study of population size, population size, and population size. "In early 2004, the Chinese Government organized a multidisciplinary group of experts and scholars to formally launch the National Population Development Strategy Study, a comprehensive, in-depth and systematic study of the trends in the quantity, quality, structure and distribution of the population, as well as its interaction with the economy, society, resources and the environment. The National Population Development Strategy Study has already put forward the population development strategy idea of prioritizing investment in the comprehensive development of human beings and transforming a large population country into a human capital powerhouse, providing decision-making support for the scientific formulation of the country's medium- and long-term population development plan and the overall plan of the national economy, and realizing the coordinated and sustainable development of the population, economy, society, resources and environment.
On February 9, 2006, China's State Council issued the Outline of the National Medium- and Long-Term Plan for Scientific and Technological Development (2006-2020), which puts forward that the population goal for the next fifteen years is to control the number of people within 1.5 billion. One of the development concepts identified in the area of population and health is to control the number of births and improve the quality of births. Focus on the development of fertility monitoring, reproductive health and other key technologies, the development of a series of reproductive medicine, equipment and health care products, in order to control the number of births within 1.5 billion, the birth defects rate of less than three percent to provide effective scientific and technological protection.
The other three development ideas include: moving the center of gravity of disease prevention and treatment forward, adhering to the principle of prevention, health promotion and disease prevention and treatment. Research on prevention and early diagnosis of key technologies, significantly improve the diagnosis of major diseases and prevention and treatment capacity; strengthen the inheritance and innovation of Chinese medicine, promote the modernization and internationalization of Chinese medicine. Based on the inheritance and development of TCM theories, enrich and develop TCM theories through technological innovation and multidisciplinary integration, build a system of technical methods and standards and norms suited to the characteristics of TCM, improve clinical efficacy, and promote the healthy development of the TCM industry; develop major new medicines and advanced medical equipment. Attack new drugs, large-scale medical devices, medical materials and drug release system creation of key technologies, accelerate the establishment and improvement of the national medicine creation technology platform, and promote the independent innovation of major new drugs and medical devices.
According to the Outline, stabilizing the low fertility level, improving the quality of the birth population, and effectively preventing and treating major diseases are the inevitable requirements for building a harmonious society. Control the number of people, improve the quality of the population and the health of all people, the urgent need for science and technology to provide strong support. To this end, the program also includes "safe contraception and birth control and prevention of birth defects", "prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, tumors and other major non-communicable diseases", "prevention and treatment of common and frequent diseases in urban and rural communities", "inheritance of traditional Chinese medicine and prevention and treatment", "prevention and treatment of major diseases", and "prevention and treatment of major diseases".
The "Traditional Chinese Medicine Heritage and Innovative Development", "Advanced Medical Equipment and Biomedical Materials", etc., have been identified as the priority themes for the development of science and technology in the field of population and health.
From the point of view of quantity, quality, structure and distribution, the current situation of China's population is as follows:
I. Population Size
The total population of the country at the end of 2005 was 130,756,000 people, an increase of 7,680,000 people over the end of the previous year. There were 16.17 million births in the year, with a birth rate of 12.40 per thousand; 8.49 million deaths, with a death rate of 6.51 per thousand; and a natural growth rate of 5.89 per thousand.
The main components of the population in 2005
Unit: 10,000 people
The huge population has always been one of the most notable features of China's national conditions. Although China has entered the ranks of low fertility rate countries, due to the inertia of population growth, the current and the next ten years or so, China's population will still grow at an average annual rate of 8-10 million. According to the current total fertility rate of 1.8 projections, in 2010 and 2020, China's total population will reach 1.37 billion and 1.46 billion, respectively; the peak of the total population will occur around 2033, reaching about 1.5 billion.
By the influence of the third peak of births in the 1980s and 1990s, the number of women aged 20-29 in their prime reproductive years will form a peak in the 2005-2020 period. At the same time, as one-child children are entering their childbearing years one after another, the level of fertility within the policy will increase according to the current fertility policy. The above two factors **** together, resulting in China will usher in the fourth peak in the birth of the population.
The huge population has a multifaceted impact on China's economic and social development. While providing abundant labor resources for economic and social development, it also brings heavy pressure on economic development, social progress, resource utilization, environmental protection and many other aspects.
China conducted a national 1% population sample survey at the end of 2005. The survey took the whole country as a whole, and the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government as a sub-group, and adopted a stratified, multi-stage, whole group probability proportional sampling method. The final sample unit was the survey community. The sample size of this survey was 17.05 million people, accounting for 1.31% of the country's total population. Under the unified leadership of the State Council and local people's governments at all levels, and through the hard work of the survey staff, the tasks of the survey have been basically completed.
Second, the quality of the population
The Chinese government has stepped up its efforts to build public **** health programs, and has continued to improve the quality of the population's health. Average life expectancy has risen from 35 years before the founding of New China to 71.8 years in 2004, maternal mortality has dropped from 1,500 per 100,000 in the early 1950s to 51 per 100,000 in 2004, the infant mortality rate has fallen from 200 per thousand before the founding of New China to 29.9 per thousand in 2004, and the mortality rate for children under five has dropped from 250-300 per thousand in the early years of the founding of the People's Republic to 28.4 per thousand in 2004. in the early years of the founding of the People's Republic of China to 28.4 per 100,000 in 2004. The morbidity and mortality rates of infectious, parasitic and endemic diseases have been drastically reduced. New infectious diseases such as atypical pneumonia and avian influenza have been effectively monitored and controlled, and marked progress has been made in the prevention and treatment of AIDS.
On the whole, the quality of health of China's population is still not high. The annual incidence of birth defects is 4-6 percent, or about 1 million cases. Tens of millions of patients with endemic diseases and people with disabilities place a heavy burden on families and society. The situation with regard to combating AIDS remains very serious. It is estimated that, as of December 2003, there were about 840,000 HIV-infected people and AIDS patients in China, and in 2004 the epidemic was in a situation of low prevalence in the whole country and high prevalence in localized areas and among specific groups of people.
The Chinese Government has accelerated the development of education, and the scientific and cultural quality of the population has improved significantly; in 2004, the population coverage rate of China's universal nine-year compulsory education reached 93.6 per cent, and the average number of years of education for the population aged six years and over reached 8.01 years (8.5 years for males, and 7.51 years for females), an increase of 1.75 years compared with 1990; the crude illiteracy rate (15 years and over, illiteracy rate) was also high, and the number of illiterate persons aged 15 years and over increased by 1.75 years from 1990 to 2004. The gross illiteracy rate (the proportion of persons aged 15 and over who are illiterate or have little literacy in relation to the total population) has fallen to 8.33 per cent, a decrease of 7.55 percentage points from 1990. The proportion of the population with various levels of education in the total population was 5.42% for those with university education or higher, 12.59% for those with high school education, 36.93% for those with junior high school education, and 30.44% for those with elementary school education; the number of people with higher levels of education has increased dramatically, and the proportion of people with elementary school education has gradually declined.
The overall level of scientific and cultural quality of China's population is still not high, mainly manifested in the following: first, the crude illiteracy rate of the population is much higher than that of the developed countries, which is below 2%; second, the crude enrollment rate of the universities is much lower than that of the developed countries; and, third, the average number of years of education is not only lower than that of the developed countries per capita, but also lower than that of the world's average level (11 years). Moreover, there is an obvious difference between the education level of urban and rural populations; in 2004, the average number of years of education per capita was 9.43 years in towns and 7 years in villages; and the illiteracy rate was 4.91% in towns and 10.71% in villages.
Third, Population Structure
From the perspective of the age structure of the population, of the total population of 1299.88 million at the end of 2004, 279.47 million were aged 0-14, accounting for 21.50% of the total population, 921.84 million were aged 15-64, accounting for 70.92%, and 98.57 million were aged 65 and above, accounting for 7.58%. The above data show that:
Firstly, China's current population has a low social dependency ratio, a large proportion of working-age population, and abundant labor resources, which provide a strong impetus for rapid economic development. The next one or two decades will be a demographic dividend period for China's economic and social development. However, the huge working-age population has also brought great pressure on employment. At present, China's cities and towns have nearly 10 million new laborers each year, and there are more than 200 million surplus laborers in rural areas. Moreover, the working-age population will keep growing. It is predicted that the working-age population aged 15-64 will peak at 1.01 billion in 2016, and in 2020 it will still be as high as about 1 billion. This puts higher demands on employment, industrial restructuring and social development undertakings.
Secondly, in 2000, the proportion of the elderly population over 65 years old reached more than 7 percent, and according to international standards, China has entered an aging society. It is predicted that by 2020, the number of elderly people aged 65 will reach 164 million, accounting for 16.1 percent of the total population, and the number of elderly people aged 80 or above will reach 22 million. China's aging is characterized by rapid speed, large scale, and "getting old before getting rich", which will have a significant impact on the future social dependency ratio, savings rate, consumption structure and social security.
Thirdly, in terms of the gender structure of the population, at the end of 2004, the male population was 669.76 million people, accounting for 51.5%, and the female population was 630.12 million people, accounting for 48.5%, with a total population gender ratio of about 106. Since the 1980s, the sex ratio at birth has continued to rise, from 117 at the time of the Fifth National Population Census to 119 in 2003, and as high as 130 in a handful of provinces; in order to curb the momentum of the rise in the sex ratio at birth, the State has taken a series of measures, promulgating laws and regulations such as the Population and Family Planning Law and the Provisions on Prohibiting Sex Determination of Fetuses for Non-Medical Needs and Artificial Termination of Pregnancies on the Basis of Sex Selection.
Fourth: Population Distribution
From the perspective of urban and rural distribution, at the end of 2004, the country's urban population had reached 542.83 million people, accounting for 41.76 per cent of the total population, while the rural population had reached 757.05 million people, accounting for 58.24 per cent. In recent years, as a result of actively promoting the urbanization of the population and the upgrading of the industrial structure, and implementing a development strategy in which cities drive the countryside and industry feeds agriculture, the rate of urbanization of the population has grown at a rate of more than 1 percentage point per year. Various measures and rational planning have been adopted to guide the transfer of surplus rural labour to non-agricultural industries, and efforts have been made to improve the environment in which peasants go to the cities to work and to promote the orderly movement of rural labour; in 2004, China's floating population exceeded 140 million. A large number of rural laborers have moved to the cities to work, providing an abundant supply of labor for urban development and improving the economic situation in rural areas. Measured by an annual increase of 1 percentage point in the urbanization rate of the population, by 2020 another 300 million or so people will have been transferred from the countryside.
At the same time, the mobile population management and service system is lagging behind and needs to be improved. The huge flow of migrant population on the urban infrastructure and public **** services constitute a huge pressure. The rights of the floating population in terms of employment, children's education, health care, social security and family planning are not effectively guaranteed, seriously restricting the orderly flow and rational distribution of the population, and the coordinated development of urban and rural areas and regions is facing difficulties.
In the face of complex population issues, the Chinese government, from the strategic perspective of building a moderately prosperous society and a harmonious socialist society in an all-round way, has adhered to the people-centered, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable scientific concept of development, continuously improved population policies and programs, and addressed population issues in an integrated manner by means of comprehensive development of human beings, and, while stabilizing the low fertility level, has also raised the quality of the population, improved the structure of the population, guided the population towards a reasonable distribution, and promoted the integration of population into the economic, social and environmental environment. While stabilizing the low fertility level, we will improve the quality of the population, improve the structure of the population, guide the reasonable distribution of the population, and promote the coordinated and sustainable development of the population and the economy, society, resources and environment. At 15:19:9 on June 12, 2006, Beijing time, China's population had reached:
1423625968 people.