1. Two bombs and one star
"Two bombs and one star" refers to atomic bombs, missiles and artificial satellites. "On November 5, 1960, China's first copycat missile was successfully launched.
On October 16, 1964, at 15:00, China's first atomic bomb exploded successfully, making China the fifth country to have an atomic bomb; on June 17, 1967, at 8:00 a.m., China's first hydrogen bomb airburst test was successful.
At 21:00 on April 24, 1970, China's first artificial satellite was successfully launched, making China the fifth country to launch an artificial satellite. China's "two bombs and one star" is a brilliant achievement of the Chinese nation in the second half of the 20th century.
The 1950s and 1960s were a highly unusual period, when, in the face of the grim international situation and in order to resist the threat of force and nuclear blackmail by imperialism, the first generation of the Party's Central Committee, with Comrade Mao Zedong at its core, organized in the mid-1950s.
In the light of the international situation at that time, in order to protect national security and maintain world peace, visionary and decisive decision was made to independently develop the "two bombs and one star" strategic decision. A large number of outstanding scientific and technological workers, including many scientists who have already made outstanding achievements abroad.
They pledged their lives to their country and responded to the call of the Party and the country with full love for the new China, and unhesitatingly devoted themselves to this sacred and great cause. They and the majority of cadres, workers and PLA commanders involved in the development of the "two bombs and one star" together.
At that time, the country's economic and technological foundation was weak and working conditions were very difficult, self-reliance, indignation and strength, relying entirely on their own strength, with less investment and a shorter period of time, breakthroughs in cutting-edge technology, such as nuclear bombs, missiles and satellites, and achieved brilliant achievements that have attracted worldwide attention.
2, Tiangong 1
Tiangong 1 is China's first target vehicle, launched at 21:16:03 on September 29, 2011 at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, the vehicle is 10.4 meters long, with a maximum diameter of 3.35 meters, and consists of an experimental module and a resource module.
It's launch marked China's entry into the second phase of the second step of China's three-step spaceflight strategy, which was realized in the early morning of Nov. 3, 2011, when it docked with Shenzhou VIII, and successfully docked with Shenzhou IX in the afternoon of June 18, 2012 at 14:14 p.m.
Shenzhou IX is the first spacecraft to be launched in China.
Shenzhou 10 spacecraft also completed automatic rendezvous and docking with Tiangong 1 on June 13, 2013 at 13:18 p.m.
The Tiangong 1 target vehicle formally terminated the data service on March 16, 2016, and fully completed its historical mission.
The Tiangong 1 is structurally intact, and its orbit is still under continuous and close tracking and monitoring, with an average orbital altitude of about 370 kilometers, and is decaying at a rate of 100 meters per day, and it is expected to fall "under control" in 2018, with the wreckage falling into the designated sea area.
3, Shenzhou IV spacecraft
"Shenzhou IV spacecraft in the early morning of December 30, 2002 in the Jiuquan manned space launch site launch, according to the predetermined plan to fly in space for 6 days and 18 hours, circling the Earth 108 times. During the orbital operation of the spacecraft, the majority of the participants were inspired by President Jiang's congratulatory message.
Unity and cooperation, careful measurement and control, and strive to ensure the safe flight of the spacecraft and recovery success. The Beijing Aerospace Command and Control Center (BACC) unified the dispatching of the four "Yuanwang" aerospace survey ships distributed in the three oceans as well as the relevant ground measurement and control stations, and carried out continuous tracking, measurement and control of the spacecraft.
The spacecraft successfully carried out hundreds of maneuvers in space, such as the unfolding of solar sail panels, orbital maneuvering and attitude determination, and successfully implemented orbit change and carried out orbit maintenance twice. "Shenzhou IV is the third unmanned spacecraft in China's manned space program.
Except for the fact that it is not manned, its technical status is identical to that of a manned spacecraft. In this flight, the manned space application system, astronaut system, spacecraft environment control and life support sub-systems fully participated in the test.
Research projects such as earth observation, material science, life science experiments and space astronomy and space environment exploration were carried out in space successively; the reserve astronauts also entered the spacecraft for practical experience before the launch.
During the orbital flight of the spacecraft, all kinds of instruments and equipments on board had stable performance and worked normally, and a large amount of valuable flight test data and scientific information were obtained. "After the return capsule of Shenzhou IV was transported back to Beijing.
Scientific researchers will carry out technical analysis and scientific research on the spacecraft and test projects. The orbital module of the spacecraft will continue to operate in orbit and conduct relevant space science and application tests. China's manned space engineering experts said the successful launch and return of the Shenzhou IV spacecraft.
Indicating that China's manned spaceflight engineering technology has become increasingly mature, laying a solid foundation for the eventual realization of manned flight. At 0:40 a.m. Beijing time on December 30, 2002, China's self-developed Shenzhou IV unmanned spacecraft was launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.
The spacecraft successfully entered its intended orbit. This is the fourth flight test of China's manned space program. The successful launch marks another important step towards the realization of manned flight in China.
4, Shenzhou XI Spacecraft
Shenzhou XI Spacecraft, is a manned spacecraft launched by China at 7:30 p.m. on October 17, 2016 at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center by the Long March 2 FY11 carrier rocket.
The purpose is to better master space rendezvous and docking technology, carry out applications and experiments in the fields of Earth observation and space Earth system science, new space application technologies, space technology and aerospace medicine.
The flight crew consists of two male astronauts, Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong, with Jing acting as commander. Shenzhou 11 spacecraft by the China Academy of Space Technology total development, the spacecraft into orbit after 2 days of independent flight to complete with the Tiangong 2 space laboratory automatically docked to form a combination of...?
Shenzhou 11 is a transition from the second to the third step in China's three-step manned spaceflight project, preparing China for the construction of a manned space station. The Shenzhou 11 mission is China's sixth manned mission.
It is also China's longest-lasting manned mission, with a total flight time of 33 days.On the afternoon of Nov. 18, 2016, the Shenzhou 11 manned spacecraft returned to land smoothly.
5, Mozi Quantum Science Experiment Satellite
The Mozi Quantum Science Experiment Satellite was successfully launched at 1:40 p.m. on Aug. 16, 2016 in Jiuquan with the Long March 2-D launch vehicle. The successful launch of the mission marks another important step in China's space science research.
Pan Jianwei, chief scientist of China's quantum satellites, said that if the ground-based quantum communication builds a "net" connecting every city and every information transmission point, then the quantum scientific experimental satellite is like a "javelin" that shoots this net into space. "
When this quantum communication "heaven and earth network" across the world is weaved, a huge amount of information will come and go like a shadow, and "unconditional" security.
January 18, 2017, China's quantum science experiment satellite is like a javelin to shoot this network into space.
China's launch of the world's first quantum science experiment satellite "Mozi" successfully completed four months of in-orbit testing tasks, officially delivered to the user units. University of Science and Technology of China, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and other relevant units of leadership in the delivery of the use of the certificate signed.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Two Bombs and One Star
Baidu Encyclopedia - Tiangong 1
Baidu Encyclopedia - Shenzhou IV
Baidu Encyclopedia - Shenzhou XI
Baidu Encyclopedia - Ink Quantum Science Experiment Satellite