Hepatitis B is caused by the hepatitis B virus (also known as HBV). HBV Hepatitis B is present in the patient's blood, sweat, saliva, menstruation, breast milk and tears and other secretions. With acute and chronic hepatitis B, HBV infection can enter the bloodstream of patients with hepatitis B after acute exposure to these body fluids and secretions.
The main ways HBV enters the blood:
①Vertical transmission: There are about 1.4 million people with hepatitis B surface antigen in my country, 85% of whom are actively transmitted through mother-to-child transmission. Vertical transmission is the main cause of transmission and high incidence of hepatitis. There are also a small number of parent-infant communicators. Mother-to-child transmission is mainly through birth canal infection or intrauterine infection.
② Blood or blood product transmission: Hepatitis B-contaminated blood products such as albumin, platelets or blood are transfused into the recipient. Most hepatitis occurs after blood transfusion. In addition to hemodialysis, kidney dialysis can cause hepatitis B virus infection.
③Iatrogenic transmission: Hepatitis B-contaminated medical instruments (such as scalpels, drills, endoscopes, laparoscopes, etc.) can transmit HBV.
④ Close contact within the family: mainly refers to sexual contact, close contact in daily life (such as using toothbrushes, towels, cups and plates), and infection by HBV. HBV can enter the body through close contact with damaged mucous membranes.
⑤ HBV is easily contaminated in public places, barber shops, and beauty salons, such as bathtubs, razors, etc., which can transmit HBV.
Notes Click to see our first child Transmission is the main way of spreading hepatitis B. The country attaches great importance to it. Since the 1980s, pregnant women whose babies are positive for hepatitis B surface antigen have been generally injected with hepatitis B vaccine. After more than 20 years of efforts, HBsAg carriers among babies born in Shanghai have dropped from 9.8% to 0.5%. Therefore, we can proudly say that in the near future, China will become a country where hepatitis B has significantly reduced and HBsAg carriers can be prevented. Second, strictly screen blood donors, blood and blood products to ensure that medical care is not contaminated.
Finally, we need to strengthen the treatment of hepatitis B patients, and alpha-interferon antiviral treatment is the first choice for chronic active hepatitis B. According to common sense, hygiene promotion should be strengthened and good hygiene habits should be developed. Through these measures, I believe that in the near future, the number of hepatitis B patients will be greatly reduced. The key is to eliminate
the way to prevent hepatitis B. The transmission routes of hepatitis B virus can be summarized in two aspects:
Bloodborne infection: such as whole blood, plasma, serum or other transfused blood products . Mosquitoes and various blood-sucking insects are found in the tropics and subtropics and may transmit hepatitis B virus.
Mother-to-child transmission: Pregnant women who are hepatitis B carriers are directly transmitted to their newborns through the birth canal.
Body fluids: hepatitis B virus, such as infection caused by incomplete disinfection of medical equipment or contamination caused by improper handling. Transmitted through sexual contact. People with hepatitis B or those with a long history of close contact with original `eg: saliva, urine, blood, bile and breast milk can cause contamination with infectious hepatitis.