Enterprise production management homework answers
1. Fill in the blanks
1. There are two organizational principles for the specialized division of labor in production units, namely production process specialization and product specialization. Object specialization.
2. Making all aspects of the production process have roughly equal productivity is the material basis for achieving balanced production.
3. According to its functional requirements, any FMS should be composed of a processing system, a material storage and transportation system and a computer management and control system.
4. Rolling plans generally divide the planning period into three periods: execution period, preparation period, and outlook period.
5. The purchase quantity of a certain material = the demand for materials during the planned period + the ending inventory reserve amount - the beginning inventory reserve amount - the available resources within the enterprise
6. For a The main indicators for evaluating the rationality and advancement of the organizational structure and operation management of the production system are: (1) Continuity of the production process; (2) Parallelism of the production process; (3) Balanced and advanced operation of the production process. Rhythm; (4) Proportionality of production system; (5) Flexibility of production system.
7. Foreign countries divide production capacity into fixed capacity and adjustable capacity.
8. The steps of functional analysis include: clarifying functional requirements, functional definition, functional organization and functional evaluation.
9. The assembly line is divided according to the movement mode of the processing object, and can be divided into fixed assembly line and moving assembly line.
10. The system control software of FMS includes system management, system monitoring and quality monitoring software.
11. The most basic production unit in the enterprise production system is the work place.
12. Making all aspects of the production process have roughly equal productivity is the material basis for achieving balanced production.
13. There are three typical movement modes for a batch of workpieces to move between processes, namely sequential movement, __parallel movement_ and parallel sequential movement.
14. For products with relatively stable demand and cyclical repetitive production, commonly used volume standards include: production cycle, production interval, production lead time, batch size and work-in-progress reserve, etc.
15. The main characteristics of the type of single-piece and small-batch production are: system management, system monitoring and _quality monitoring.
16. Production is the process of transforming resources into products that can meet certain needs of people through labor.
17. The work steps of factory site selection can generally be divided into three stages: (1)_preparation stage_; (2)_site survey stage; (3) selection and plan determination stage_.
18. The external environmental factors that affect the enthusiasm of enterprises to develop new products can be divided into technology promotion, market traction, peer competition and government policy incentives. They are the sources of new product development.
19. The external quality of a product refers to the style, aesthetics, packaging, etc. of the product.
20. The methods for formulating material consumption quotas include empirical estimation method, statistical analysis method, actual measurement method and technical calculation method.
21. The three-level maintenance of equipment is daily maintenance, first-level maintenance and second-level maintenance.
22. Equipment repairs are generally divided into minor repairs, major repairs and major repairs
23. Users put forward product varieties, styles, quality, quantity, price, service, delivery time and requirements in seven aspects including environmental protection and safety.
24. Dynamic alliance means that when a company discovers a market opportunity, it should not try to rely on its own strength to develop new products to win such opportunities.
25. There are two calculation methods for net output value: one is the production method; the other is the distribution method.
26. Value in value analysis refers to the evaluation criterion of a product or operating system, specifically the ratio of input to output or utility to cost.
27. Advantages of the Delphi method: It is concise and intuitive, and the prediction results have high reference value, so it is welcomed by planners.
28. Various plans of an enterprise can generally be divided into three levels: strategic level, tactical level and operational level.
29.MRPⅡ is a highly integrated management information system based on the production outline of the enterprise's comprehensive business plan, with the production planning system as the core, including the three major functions of marketing, production and finance.
30. Equipment wear can be roughly divided into three stages: (1) Initial wear stage; (2) Normal wear stage; (3) Severe wear stage.
2. Judgment and correction
1. The most basic production unit in the enterprise production system is the production workshop. (×)
Modification: The most basic production unit in the enterprise production system is the production workshop (workplace).
2. The production capacity of an enterprise refers to the maximum quantity of a certain type of product that the enterprise can produce under certain circumstances. (×)
Modification: The production capacity of an enterprise refers to the maximum quantity of a certain type of product that the enterprise can produce under certain circumstances (under normal and reasonable circumstances).
3. The external quality of the product refers to the structure, performance, etc. of the product. (×)
Modification: The external quality of the product refers to the structure and performance of the product (style, aesthetics, packaging), etc.
4. Single-object assembly lines are generally suitable for mass production of fixed varieties. √
5. Qualitative prediction methods for product market demand include: Delphi method, user survey method, department leaders' collective discussion method and statistical analysis method.
× Qualitative prediction methods for product market demand include: Delphi method, user survey method, department leaders' collective discussion method and (statistical analysis method).
3. Short answer questions
1. What requirements do users have for the product? What is the meaning of each?
Answer: Users have put forward seven requirements for products in terms of variety and style, quality, quantity, price, service, delivery time and environmental protection and safety. (2 points)
Variety and style. Its manifestations include the particularity of product varieties and specifications, the width and depth of product series, and the novelty of product varieties. (1 point)
Quality. It is manifested in the product's functionality, appearance, reliability and lifespan, etc. The degree of satisfaction of user needs is the standard for evaluating product quality. (1 point)
Quantity. User requirements for product quantity.
Price. The price users pay to obtain use value. (1 point)
Service. Refers to the services provided to users before and after sales.
Delivery time. User requirements for delivery time. (1 point)
Environmentally friendly and safe. Products should provide users with safety protection during use. (1 point)
2. What is a dynamic alliance and what are the benefits of organizing a dynamic alliance? What conditions should a leader company meet?
Answer: Dynamic alliance means that when a company discovers a market opportunity, it should not try to rely on its own strength to develop new products to win such opportunities.
The benefits of organizing dynamic alliances are:
(1) It can respond quickly to market opportunities.
(2) Strong alliances and complementary advantages can form a high-level all-star team.
(3) Smaller risks and strong adaptability. (3 points)
Qualifications that the alliance leader company should have:
(1) Have strong market research and analysis, be good at discovering potential needs and seize market opportunities.
(2) Have strong new product research and development capabilities.
(3) Have strong market development capabilities. (3 points)
3. Briefly describe the meaning of net output value and its calculation method.
Answer: Net product value is the new value created by the company during the planning period. (3 points)
There are two calculation methods for net output value:
One is the production method, which is the balance after deducting the value of all materialized labor from the total industrial output value. (2 points)
The second is the distribution method. This method directly adds up the various factors that constitute the net product value from the perspective of the primary distribution of national income.
4. Use a diagram to show the relationship between production strategy and company business strategy
Answer: Production strategy is to construct its production system based on the target market and product characteristics selected by the company. guiding principles followed and a series of decision-making rules made under such guiding principles. Production strategy is an important part of the company's overall business strategy. The business strategy of a large enterprise can generally be divided into three levels: company-level business strategy, business department-level business strategy and executive-level business strategy. Production strategy is a level-one strategy. (3 points)
The schematic diagram is as follows: (4 points
5. Briefly describe the levels and specific contents of the enterprise planning system.
Answer: Each part of the enterprise This kind of plan can generally be divided into three levels: strategic level, tactical level and operational level (1 point)
(1) Strategic level plan generally refers to the long-term development plan of the enterprise and involves the enterprise's product development. Direction, enterprise development scale, technological development level, enterprise organizational development form, human resource planning, etc. The planning time span is usually 3-5 years (2 points)
(2) Tactical level plan. , refers to the enterprise's annual comprehensive plan, which includes the enterprise's business plan and the work plans of various functional departments. Its preparation is mainly based on the enterprise's existing production resource conditions.
(3) Operational level plan. The tactical plan is a programmatic plan that determines the goals (2 points). )
6. Please briefly describe the three levels of production operation planning in the MRPⅡ system.
Answer: MRPⅡ is based on the production outline of the enterprise's comprehensive business plan. The planning system is a highly integrated management information system that includes the three major functions of marketing, production and finance. The three levels of production operation planning in the MRPⅡ system are: (1 point)
( 1) Master production plan. Master production plan MPS is also called product schedule. It takes the enterprise's final product as the planning object. The preparation of MPS is based on the requirements of the production outline and specific customer orders to determine the production time of each product during the planning period. Output and production date. (2 points)
(2) MRP and CRP plan. The purpose of preparing MRP is to refine the MPS into the production schedule of parts and the procurement of raw materials and purchased parts. Progress plan. (2 points)
(3) The production schedule of the base unit is to further prepare the schedule of the parts process within the week based on the MRP plan, and arrange the production tasks according to the shift. Implement it into equipment and people. (2 points) 7. Briefly describe the rules of equipment wear P453
Answer: Equipment wear can be roughly divided into three stages: (1 point)< /p>
(1) Initial wear stage. The wear rate in this stage is fast, but the time is short. This is because when the equipment is put into use, the machined surface of the parts is not normal, and it goes through the teeth and teeth during use. Rotation, friction, and unevenness are eliminated, so the wear is faster and gaps are easy to form.
(2) The normal wear stage is relatively stable and the wear amount increases slowly. , the equipment enters the best technical state, and the productivity and product quality of the equipment are most guaranteed. (2 points)
(3) In this stage, the normal wear and tear of the parts is destroyed. Dramatic increase. The performance and accuracy of the equipment decrease rapidly. If not repaired in time, production accidents and equipment accidents will occur. (2 points)
8. Briefly describe the specific application process of the Delphi method and its advantages and disadvantages.
Answer: Describe the specific application process of the Delphi method:
The first round is to select experts. The specific number depends on the size of the prediction topic. Generally, there are about 20 people. After the experts are selected, the first round of correspondence surveys can be started; the survey results will be fed back to the experts for the second round of correspondence surveys. (2 points)
The second round of correspondence requires experts to make specific predictions on the time, space, scale, etc. of various events related to the predicted target, and explain the reasons.
The third step is that after the experts receive the comprehensive statistical report of the correspondence inquiry again, they evaluate the comprehensive opinions and arguments put forward by the forecasting units, revise the original forecast values, and re-forecast the forecast targets.
(2 points)
Advantages: concise and intuitive, the prediction results have high reference value, and are welcomed by planners. (1 point)
9. What economic benefits can be achieved by using FMS and what are the conditions for using FMS?
Answer: The economic benefits of using FMS:
(1) It improves the flexibility of the production system and helps enterprises engage in multi-variety production.
(2) Shorten the production cycle, reduce the occupation of products in progress, and accelerate the turnover of funds.
(3) Improve equipment utilization and accelerate investment recovery. (3 points)
Conditions for adopting FMS:
(1) Objective requirements. Careful analysis and demonstration must be carried out in terms of technology and output.
(2) Enterprises must have a staff team that fully masters FMS technology. (4 points)
10. Briefly describe the characteristics of the production schedule plan
(1) Contents of the plan. The production of special products that meet the needs of special users needs to start with product design, so the product production schedule must cover the entire process from product design to product payment. The general product schedule usually only includes the production process of processing and assembly. (2 points)
(2) The form of the plan. For single-piece and small-batch order production, a separate product schedule must be prepared for each order and each dedicated product to ensure the delivery time required by the contract. (2 points)
(3) The plan is prepared in stages and multiple times. The product progress plan for single-piece and small-batch order production is not prepared at one time. It must be prepared three times in three stages according to different purposes and requirements. These three stages are: contract negotiation stage, contract execution stage and product license start stage. (3 points)
1. What requirements do users have for the product? What is the meaning of each? Pages 6--7
2. Briefly describe the process of producing general products. What are the management focuses of production types, large-volume production types, batch production types and single-piece small batch production types? Pages 31--33
3. Use diagrams to show the relationship between production strategy and company business strategy. Page 36
4. What is a dynamic alliance and what are the benefits of organizing a dynamic alliance? What conditions should a leader company meet? Pages 43--45
5. Briefly describe the development trend of factory location selection. Page 70
6. Please compare Taylor's working style and team working style. 100 pages
7. Briefly describe the development direction of modern products. Page 131
8. Briefly describe the meaning of value analysis and its main characteristics. Pages 141--142
9. Briefly describe the levels and specific contents of the enterprise planning system. Pages 170--171
10. Briefly describe the meaning of net output value and its calculation method. Page 184
11. Briefly describe the specific application process of the Delphi method and its advantages and disadvantages. Pages 187-189
12. Briefly describe the basic ideas and main contents of just-in-time production. Page 256
13. Please use diagrams to describe the operation process of FMS. Page 286
14What economic benefits can be achieved by adopting FMS? Page 287
15. Please briefly describe the three levels of production operation planning in the MRPⅡ system. Page 311
16. Briefly describe the content of production operation statistics. Page 346
17. Briefly describe the characteristics of the production schedule. Page 363
18. Please describe the schematic diagram of the production operation monitoring workflow. Page 392
19. Briefly describe the main contents of warehouse management work. Page 467
20. What is inventory? What are the reasons for inventory? Page 418
21. Briefly describe the double-pile method and triple-pile method in quantitative ordering methods and their meanings. Page 422
22. Briefly describe the factors that should be considered when selecting equipment? Page 448
23. Briefly describe the rules of equipment wear. Page 453
4. Essay questions (15 points)
(1) Discuss the significance of value analysis in new product development.
Answer: 1. The meaning of value analysis:
(1) The meaning of value: The value in value analysis refers to the evaluation scale of the product or operating system, specifically the investment and The ratio of output or utility to cost.
Value = function F/cost C. (2 points)
(2) The meaning of function: refers to the specific purpose and use value of the system, which is the core content that constitutes the essence of the system. (2 points)
(3) The meaning of cost: refers to the life cycle cost of the system, including the costs of product development, design, manufacturing, experimentation, and sales in the early stages, as well as use, maintenance, and repairs. , energy consumption, insurance, scrapping and other costs during the use phase. (2 points)
(2) Basic principles of value analysis: (3 points)
(1) Multiple ways are used to increase value, neither simply emphasizing the function of the product. It is not a one-sided requirement to reduce costs, but is committed to the ratio of the two.
(2) Functional analysis is the core.
(3) Emphasis on the organized use of collective wisdom.
3. The working procedure of value analysis: The entire process of value analysis is a process of discovering problems, analyzing problems and solving problems. (3 points)
4. Value analysis method: (3 points)
(1) Functional analysis method.
(2) Creation method.
(2) Briefly describe the basic idea and main content of just-in-time production
Answer: The basic idea of ??just-in-time production is
(1) Eliminate all forms of waste. (3 points)
(2) Continuous improvement, continuous improvement, and pursuit of perfection. (3 points)
(3) Put mobilizing people’s enthusiasm and creativity in the first place in all management work. (3 points)
Main content: Based on the basic idea of ??just-in-time production, just-in-time production has determined its own goals and a set of implementation means. (6 points)
5. Calculation questions (8 points for the first question, 15 points for the second question)
1. The data on a company's expenses for customer service and improving product packaging and its sales from 1999 to 2003 are as follows.
The relationship between the cost of customer service and improving product packaging and sales
Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Expenses X
(10,000 yuan)
70
74
80
78
85
92
90
95
92
108
Annual sales Y
(million yuan)
51
60
68
78
90
102
100
110
< p>115110
If the company spent 1.14 million yuan on customer service and improving product packaging in 2004, try a one-way regression model to predict sales in 2004.
Forecast table of user service and packaging improvement expenses and sales
Year
User service fee, packaging improvement fee X (10,000 yuan)
Annual sales Y (million yuan)
X^2
Y^2
XY
1< /p>
70
51
4900
2601
3570
2
74
60
5476
3600
4440
3
< p>8068
6400
4624
5440
4
78
78
6084
6084
6084
5
85< /p>
90
7225
8100
7650
6
92
102
8464
10404
9384
7
90
< p>1008100
10000
9000
8
95
110
9025
12100
10450
9
92
115< /p>
8464
13225
10580
10
108
110
11664
12100
11880
Total
864
884
< p>7580282838
78478
2. It is known that the annual demand is N=3600 pieces/year, and the production replacement cost is K=100 yuan. Inventory cost H=80 yuan/piece·year, productivity P=100 pieces/day. Demand rate R=10 pieces/day. Find the economic batch size and total cost of production.
3. A company's planned output of a certain product in September is 300 pieces. The product's work-in-progress is 20 pieces at the end of the period and 30 pieces at the beginning. The main material supply quota for this product is 5 kg/piece, the planned scrap rate is 2%, and the supply coefficient is 0.01. Find the demand for the main materials for this commodity in September.
Planned output = commodity output + (ending work-in-progress quantity - beginning work-in-process quantity) = 300 + (20-30) = 290 (pieces)
Demand quantity = [Planned output / (1-the scrap rate allowed by the plan)]×unit product material supply quota×(1+supply coefficient)
=〔290/(1-2%)]×5×(1+0.01) =1494.44 (kg)
4. It is known that the daily demand for material A is R=100 pieces/day, and the whole year is calculated as 360 days, that is, the demand is N=36,000 pieces/year, and the ordering cost is K =50 yuan/time; inventory management fee H=0.4 yuan/piece.year; order lead time L=7 days; insurance inventory quantity S=300 pieces. Find the economic order interval and total annual cost.
Economic order interval
Economic batch size
Total annual cost
The highest inventory point E of the inventory control system should be:
5. It is known that the selling price of auto parts G is 50 yuan/piece, its inventory expense rate is f=0.04 yuan/yuan.year, the ordering fee K=100 yuan/time, and the shortage cost j =18 yuan/piece per time, the ordering cycle is one month, the demand for accessories G has the following statistical rules:
Monthly demand
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
Occurrence probability
0.02
0.03
0.05< /p>
0.15
0.27
0.24
0.12
0.07
0.03
0.02
Question: The economic purchasing batch size and ordering point of this inventory control system.
The average monthly demand for G is the expected value of D:
(pieces)
Full-year demand: N=210×12=2520 (pieces/ year)
Economic purchasing quantity: (pieces)
The out-of-stock probability can be calculated according to the formula
Taking 280 pieces from order point B can guarantee the out-of-stock rate of 0.02 . Therefore, the optimal ordering point of this inventory system is B*=280 pieces.
1. There are 6 types of parts, and their process matrix is ??shown in the table below.
Process Matrix
Workpiece Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
Step 1 M1
6
2
9
4
4
5
Second process M2
8
3
3
5
8
4
Please sort according to the Johnson method.
Answer:
(1) When selecting parts 2 and 3 for the first time, No. 2 is ranked first and No. 3 is ranked last. Remove parts No. 2 and No. 3 from the original process matrix. (4 points)
New process matrix
Original process matrix
Workpiece number
2
3< /p>
1
4
5
6
Step 1 M1
2
9
6
4
4
5
Step 2 M2
3
3
8
5
8
4< /p>
(2) Continue step (1) for the original process matrix. The smallest one in the previous process is No. 4 and No. 5. You can choose either one, and the smallest one in the later process is No. 6 workpiece. Select the two workpieces, arrange them according to the above rules, and insert the new process matrix. (4 points)
New process matrix
Original process matrix
Workpiece number
2
4< /p>
6
3
1
5
Step 1 M1
2
4
5
9
6
4
Step 2 M2
3
5
4
3
8
8< /p>
(3) According to the rules, No. 2 is ranked first and No. 3 is ranked last, and the two workpieces are inserted into the new process matrix.
(3 points)
New process matrix
Workpiece number
2
4
5
1
6
3
Step 1 M1
2
4
4
6
5
9
Step 2 M2
3< /p>
5
8
8
4
3
2. A certain enterprise The planned output of a certain product in September is 300 pieces. The work-in-progress of this product is 20 pieces at the end of the period and 30 pieces at the beginning. The main material supply quota for this product is 5 kg/piece, the planned scrap rate is 2%, and the supply coefficient is 0.01. Find the demand for the main materials for this commodity in September.
Answer:
Planned production = commodity production + (ending work-in-progress quantity - beginning work-in-progress quantity)
=30(20-30)=290 (piece) sub (5 points)
Demand quantity = planned output/(1-planned scrap rate)×unit product material supply quota×(1+supply coefficient)
=290/(1-2%)×5×(1+0.01)=1494.44 (kg) (6 points)
1. When Q=4 pieces, t1=15 minutes, t2=5 minutes , t3=10 minutes, t4=12 minutes, t5=3 minutes, respectively calculate the processing cycle of a batch of workpieces in the sequential movement mode, the parallel movement mode and the parallel sequential movement mode, and evaluate the degree of parallelism respectively.
Answer: (1) In sequential movement mode, the processing cycle is:
=4×(15+5+112+3)=180 (minutes) (3 points) )
(2) In parallel movement mode, the processing cycle is:
(minutes) (3 points)
(3) In parallel sequential movement mode, The processing cycle is:
(minutes) (3 minutes)
It can be seen from the above that the batch waiting time in the sequential movement mode is the longest and the production cycle is also the longest. (2 points)