Henan and Jiangxi are located in the same central region, *** with the same face to accelerate the development and realize the rise of the historical burden. Analyze the characteristics of Henan's economic development, learning from the successful experience of Henan's economic development, for accelerating the economic development of Jiangxi, to achieve the rise in the central region is of great significance.
I, provincial conditions and advantages
Henan in the longitude 110 ° 21 ′ ~ 116 ° 39 ′, latitude 31 ° 23 ′ ~ 36 ° 22 ′ between the east and west is about 580 kilometers long, across the north and south is about 550 kilometers, most of the areas in the south of the Yellow River, it is called Henan. Because of the ancient "Yuzhou", abbreviated as "Yu", and because Yuzhou is located in the center of the nine states in ancient times, it is also known as "Zhongzhou" and "Central Plains". "The province has a land area of 167,000 square meters. With a land area of 167,000 square kilometers, the province ranks 17th in the country, but the per capita level is less than 1/4 of the country's. With 1.7% of the country's land, Henan supports 7.5% of the country's population. The comparative advantages of Henan are:
1. Geographic location: superior. Henan is located in east-central China, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, east of Anhui, Shandong, north of Hebei, Shanxi, west of Shaanxi, south of Hubei, is in China's second ladder to the third ladder of the transition zone, the location of moderate. In terms of political location, Henan is in the center. With Henan as the center, it spans two to three provinces, from the Heilongjiang River in the north to the Pearl River Basin in the south, from the foot of the Tianshan Mountains in the west to the shores of the East China Sea in the east. If the provincial capital of Zhengzhou as the center, north of Beijing, Tianjin and Tangshan, south of Wuhan three towns, west into the Guanzhong Plain, east of Shanghai, Ningxia, Hangzhou and other economically developed areas, the straight-line distance is mostly within 600-800 kilometers. From the point of view of transportation status, Henan has always been a necessary place for the people of the country to travel from the south to the north and from the west to the east, as well as a place of frequent activities and close interaction among people of all ethnic groups. The passage between east and west is the Yellow River Valley, which can go up to Guanzhong and directly to Northwest China and West Asia, the famous Silk Road extends eastward precisely through the Yellow River Valley, and the second Eurasian Continental Bridge (Longhai Line and Lanxin Line), an important transportation artery in modern times, also passes through this passage. The passages between the north and south are also opened up in the area where the mountains and plains meet, such as the famous Nanxiang Passage in ancient times, the modern Beijing-Guangzhou line, Beijing-Shenzhen Expressway and so on. In addition, Beijing-Kowloon, Jiaozhi, Longhai, Xinhe and other railroad lines are intertwined in the territory, such a superior geographic location and convenient transportation conditions, so that Henan has an important role in bearing the east and starting the west, through the south to the north.
2, natural resources: rich. ① Mineral resources. Henan is more complete strata, complex geological structure, superior conditions for finding minerals, is one of China's important mineral resources provinces. In the territory of Henan has been found 102 kinds of minerals, has been proved reserves of 78 kinds. Reserves of the country's top 8 minerals amounted to 55 kinds of molybdenum, bluestone, perlite, natural alkali, sand for casting and other 5 kinds of mineral reserves in the country in the first place; coal, petroleum, natural gas, aluminum, gold, silver and marl, refractory clay, marble and other reserves are abundant. ② Tourism resources. Ancient (Ancient Culture), River (Yellow River), Boxing (Shaolin Wushu, Taijiquan), Roots (Searching for Roots and Ancestors), and Flowers (Luoyang Peony) are the tourism characteristics of Henan. Henan ranks first in the country in terms of underground cultural relics and second in terms of aboveground cultural relics, with more than one million pieces of cultural relics in its collections, accounting for about 1/8 of the country's total.Luoyang, Kaifeng and Anyang are regarded as one of the seven major ancient capitals of China. The province has 23 nature reserves, 25 key scenic spots, Jigongshan, Songshan, Longmen, Wangwushan and Yuntai Mountain are national scenic spots, and the Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang are listed in the World Heritage List. ③Animals and plants resources. There are more than 400 kinds of terrestrial vertebrates in the territory, which is 1/5 of the number of species in the country. 197 families of higher plants, more than 3,600 kinds. Medicinal plant species, including woody, herbaceous and fungal about 800 kinds of distribution throughout the province, such as Wenxian, Qinyang, Wushu's "raw land, yam, cow's hair, chrysanthemum" four major Huaiyao, as well as the honeysuckle of the Mixian County enjoys a unique reputation in the country.
3, infrastructure: perfect. ①Henan is one of the largest transportation hubs in China. China's two major railroad lines Beijing-Guangzhou and Longhai Railway, the two major highway lines Beijing-Zhuhai and Lianhuo Highway are intersected here, has formed a railroad, highway as the backbone of civil aviation, waterway transport as a supplementary transportation system. Railroad, has formed a "three vertical and four horizontal" railroad network, Zhengzhou North Station is Asia's largest grouping station, Zhengzhou East Station is the country's largest LTL transfer station, Zhengzhou Station is one of the country's largest passenger station. By the end of 2004, the operating mileage of local railroads in the province had reached 1,439 kilometers, ranking first in the country. In terms of highway, a cross-shaped highway skeleton has been formed. By the end of 2004, the mileage of the province's highway had reached 1,758 kilometers, ranking the 9th in China. In terms of aviation, three civil airports have been built in Zhengzhou, Luoyang and Nanyang, with 32 domestic flights and irregular international chartered flights to 56 large and medium-sized cities in China as well as Hong Kong and Macao, with 560 weekly flights and an annual throughput of 1.5 million passengers. ② Henan is one of the most important communication hubs in China. By the end of 2004, the province's fixed-line telephone subscribers reached 16.25 million, ranking fifth in the country; 13.907 million mobile exchange users, ranking 11th in the country; Internet users reached 2.733 million, ranking 10th in the country. The long-distance transmission of communication has been automated, the long-distance lines have been digitized, all the urban and rural telephone exchanges have been program-controlled and the transmission has been digitized, and the network technology is basically in sync with the advanced level in the world, and the types of services can basically meet the needs of the informationization construction at this stage.
II. Development Effectiveness
In 2004, Henan's gross domestic product (GDP) reached 881.5 billion yuan, ranking 5th in the country; its proportion accounted for 6.5% of the country's total, an increase of 0.5 percentage points over the previous year; the growth rate was 13.7%, the highest since 1997, 4.2 percentage points higher than the national level. Per capita GDP was RMB 9,470, breaking the important barrier of US$1,000, and economic development jumped to a new strategic starting point. The structure of the three industries was adjusted from 17.6:50.5:31.9 of the previous year to 18.7:51.2:30.1, and the proportion of the added value of all industries in the GDP was 43.5%, which indicated that the traditional agricultural province was accelerating towards a modern industrial province. The outstanding features of economic development are:
1, the overall development of the rural economy, the effectiveness of agricultural industrialization.
Henan is a large agricultural province, is one of the country's important commercial grain production base. 2004 grain production reached 42.6 million tons, accounting for 9.1% of the country, ranking first in the country; the new grain production of 6.91 million tons, accounting for 17.8% of the country, to ensure national food security to make outstanding contributions. At the same time, Henan focuses on building a national high-quality specialized wheat production and processing base and a livestock production and processing base, and vigorously promotes the strategic adjustment of the agricultural structure and the overall development of the rural economy. Firstly, grain production has initially formed a pattern of high quality, regionalization and scale; in 2004, the planting area of high-quality special wheat in the province exceeded 23 million mu, accounting for 32% of the total sown area of wheat; the grain output of five cities, namely, Nanyang, Shangqiu, Xinyang, Zhoukou and Zhumadian, accounted for 56% of the province's grain output. Second, cotton, oil, tobacco, vegetables, medicinal herbs, flowers and other cash crops to expand the area. 2004, the province's cotton production of 670,000 tons, accounting for 10.5% of the country; oil production of 4.09 million tons, accounting for 13.4% of the country; tobacco production of 260,000 tons, accounting for 12.1% of the country; are ranked among the top three in the country. Third, the development of animal husbandry and breeding industry is particularly rapid, pastoral production value, value-added and other seven indicators ranked first in the country. 2004, the province's pigs 51.89 million head, cattle 6.72 million head of cattle, sheep 39.52 million; meat production of 6.43 million tons of total output, accounting for 8.9% of the country.
In recent years, Henan vigorously promote the strategy of agricultural industrialization, focusing on 40 leading wheat processing enterprises and a number of livestock processing backbone enterprises to focus on support, not only to promote the deep processing of agricultural by-products, extend the industrial chain, increase the added value, but also cultivate a number of Lotus monosodium glutamate, Jinxiang wheat, Nanyang Tianguan, Luohe Shuanghui, Huaying duck, Zhengzhou Flower Cattle, Sienian, Sanchuan, etc. Leading processing enterprises, driving a large number of farmers out of poverty. At present, the province's wheat processing capacity of more than 18 million tons, meat processing capacity of more than 2.3 million tons, are at the forefront of the country. Luohe Shuanghui Group product range of more than 600 kinds of market share of 50%, has become the country's largest meat processing base; Huaying Group meat and duck processing products of more than 200 kinds of products, has become Asia's largest meat and duck processing enterprises; Zhengzhou flower cattle processing capacity of more than 500 tons of fresh milk per day, but also among the top 10 national dairy processing enterprises. According to the relevant departments of the survey, Henan currently produces ham, monosodium glutamate, frozen food, instant noodles and more than 30 types of advantageous products, the market share of 70%, 44%, 46% and 25%, respectively.
2, the rapid development of the industrial economy, the process of industrialization has accelerated significantly.
Henan is a large industrial province, the added value of all industries amounted to 386.2 billion yuan, accounting for 43.5% of GDP. Relying on rich mineral resources, Henan has established an industrial system of machinery, electronics, petroleum, chemical industry, metallurgy, building materials, coal, electric power as the main body, with a complete range of categories and a certain scale of industrial system. in 2004, the province's above-scale industrial added value of 233.3 billion yuan, realizing sales revenue of 706.5 billion yuan, and realizing a total profit of 37.7 billion yuan; five enterprises with sales revenue of more than 10 billion yuan, and 12 enterprises with a total profit of more than 500 million yuan. Total profit exceeded 500 million yuan; the output of raw coal, power generation, cement, crude oil and steel ranked 4th, 5th, 6th, 9th and 9th in China respectively. At the same time, Henan from the enhancement of economic growth momentum, efforts to promote industrial restructuring, and vigorously develop the non-public economy, the industrial economy presents a good situation of fast speed, good efficiency, and continuous optimization of the structure. First, the implementation of project-driven strategy to optimize the investment structure. Tianguan Group's annual output of 300,000 tons of fuel ethanol, the company's annual output of 6 million sets of large-screen color glass shell production line, Henan Tire's annual output of 2 million sets of all-steel radial tires, Sanmenxia Hubin Group's annual output of 100,000 tons of concentrated fruit juice, an annual output of 4,000 units of construction machinery and other projects were put into operation, which strongly support the rapid growth of Henan's industrial. Second, deepen enterprise reform, enhance enterprise vitality. A number of large-scale state-owned enterprises, such as Yong coal, An Glass, Xuji, Ping coal, Xinfei, Yitou, Zhongyuan Dahua, etc., have realized the diversification of property rights through the reduction of state-owned shares, the introduction of strategic investors and other forms, which have become an important driving force for Henan's industrial growth.
In recent years, Henan, in accordance with the requirements of new industrialization, adhere to the use of high-tech and advanced technology to transform traditional industries, adhere to the selective development of high-tech industries with comparative advantages, through deepening the reform and structural adjustment, to cultivate a number of domestic and foreign markets with strong competitiveness of brand-name products and enterprise groups. At present, the output of Anyang Color Picture Tube Shell Co., Ltd. ranks the first in China and the third in the world, and the sales of color glass shells account for 70% of the country, China's first tractor engineering machinery company is China's largest agricultural machinery manufacturer, and the sales of large-scale tractors account for 40% of the country, Pingdingshan Shengma Cordon Fabrics Group is China's largest cordon fabric manufacturer, and the sales of cordon fabrics account for 35% of the country, and the output of Zhoukou Lotus Flower Flavors Co. The company's output ranks first in Asia, and Great Wall Aluminum Company is one of the largest alumina producers in China. In the list of Chinese famous-brand products in 2004, Henan's "Ancai" glass shells, "Shuanghui" ham sausages, "Lotus" monosodium glutamate, "Xinfei refrigerator and freezer, "Jinxing" beer, "Yutong" bus, "Shaolin" bus, "Zhengxing" gasoline dispenser and 13 other products. 13 brands such as "Jinxing" beer, "Yutong" buses, "Shaolin" buses, "Zhengxing" gasoline dispensers, etc. were recognized as Chinese famous brand products.
3, the pace of urbanization accelerated, the productivity layout tends to be reasonable.
One is to implement the strategy of regional center city driving, accelerate the construction of the economic uplift belt of the Central Plains city cluster. Henan provincial party committee of the seventh session of the fifth plenum considered and adopted the "on the comprehensive construction of moderately prosperous society planning program", made the implementation of regional central cities to drive the strategy of accelerating the development of the Central Plains city cluster economic uplift belt decision. The Central Plains City Cluster Economic Rise Belt is a dense urban area centered on Zhengzhou, including Luoyang, Kaifeng, Xinxiang, Jiaozuo, Xuchang, Pingdingshan, Luohe, and Jiyuan, with nine cities accounting for 35% of Henan's land area, 40% of Henan's population, and 56% of Henan's total economic output. On the basis of accelerating the construction of inter-city rapid transportation system, Henan is fully committed to the construction of Zhengbianluo urban industrial corridor, vigorously develop the electric power industry, information products manufacturing, automobile and equipment manufacturing, food, chemical and new building materials industry and other advantageous industries, so that the Central Plains City Cluster of the cities in the development of their respective industrial strengths in the process of the formation of the overall competitive advantage, and strive to become the main Henan open to the outside world, the east attracts the west into the In 2004, Zhengzhou as the center of the Central Plains City Cluster to achieve industrial added value of 145.242 billion yuan, accounting for 62.4% of the province's industrial added value above designated size, an increase of 24.6% over the previous year, pulling the province's industrial growth of 15.2 percent of the province's industrial growth. Among them, Zhengzhou City, an increase of 23.7%, contributing to the province's industrial growth of 16.0%; Luoyang City, an increase of 31.8%, contributing to the province's industrial growth of 13.7%; Jiaozuo City, an increase of 33.5%, contributing to the province's industrial growth of 10.1%. Secondly, give full play to its own foundation and resource advantages, and accelerate the construction of special city economic belt. North Henan region of Anyang, Hebi, Puyang three cities give full play to the advantages of oil and gas, coal resources are relatively rich, has been gradually built into Henan's important iron and steel, coal chemical industry and petrochemicals, equipment manufacturing, electronic information industry base. West Henan Sanmenxia City, give full play to the advantages of minerals, fruits and other resources, has been gradually built into Henan's important coal chemical industry, gold production and processing, aluminum industry and forestry and fruit industry production and processing base. Nanyang City in the southwestern region of Henan gives full play to its own foundation, has gradually built the production of traditional Chinese medicine, textile bases and non-metallic mineral development and utilization, agricultural and sideline product processing based on the industrial zone. Huanghuai region of Zhumadian, Shangqiu, Zhoukou and Xinyang City, give full play to the advantages of rich agricultural resources, focusing on deep processing of agricultural products, and vigorously develop the food, textile, pharmaceutical and other industries, and gradually built green agricultural products processing and export bases and hogs, beef cattle, meat goats, oilseed production and processing bases.
4, the east attracted breakthroughs in the west, open to the outside world to raise the level.
Henan actively responded to the new situation of accession to the WTO, and seriously implement the strategy of opening up, initially forming an all-round, multi-level, wide-area pattern of opening up. First, vigorously implement the "East attracts West" strategy, Yu-Guangdong, Yu-Shanghai economic and trade cooperation is gradually deepened, and with Peking University, Tsinghua University, Chinese Academy of Sciences and other famous domestic universities, research institutes, industry-university-research cooperation has been strengthened. Facing the western region, a series of economic and trade exhibitions and sales activities such as Lanzhou Exhibition and Sales Fair of Henan products, Urumqi Trade Fair and Guangxi Investment Fair have been successfully organized to expand the market share of Henan products in the western region. Some advantageous enterprises began to implement mergers and acquisitions or set up factories in the western region. Second, vigorously implement policies to encourage exports, foreign trade exports grew at a high rate. 2004, the province's foreign trade exports totaled 4.17 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 40.1% over the previous year. The structure of export commodities is more optimized, in 2004, primary products accounted for 10.5% of exports, accounting for a proportion of 2.4 percentage points lower than the previous year; exports of manufactured goods accounted for 89.2%, accounting for a proportion of 2.1 percentage points higher than the previous year, electromechanical products, high-tech products are becoming a new export growth point. Export commodity markets to diversify, to the United States, Hong Kong, the European Union, South Korea, Japan and ASEAN and other six traditional countries (regions) export growth of only 39.2%, while the emerging export commodities market growth is strong, the export growth of 144.4% to Singapore, exports to Canada increased by 98.2%, exports to the Netherlands increased by 80.8%, exports to Mexico increased by 51.1%. Third, vigorously implement a full range of multi-channel investment policy, the use of foreign investment in the scale and quality of a significant increase. 2004, the province's newly approved 478 foreign-invested enterprises, an increase of 48.0% over the previous year; the amount of contracted foreign investment of 2.054 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 62.9% over the previous year; the actual use of foreign direct investment of 874 million U.S. dollars, an increase of 36.7% over the previous year. Hitachi, Toshiba, Philips, Pulsmart, Lyon Water, Germany MAN (MAN) and other 24 of the world's top 500 multinational companies have settled in the Central Plains. Fourth, continue to implement the "going out" strategy, foreign economic and technical cooperation is growing rapidly. 2004, the province's contracted projects, labor cooperation and design and consulting business of the newly signed contracts amounted to $ 507 million, an increase of 45.5% over the previous year; completed turnover of $ 271 million, an increase of 40.1% over the previous year. A number of enterprises have also begun to use strategic collaboration, OEM production and other means to actively participate in the international market competition, more than 50 Henan enterprises out of the country, set up branches or invest in factories abroad.
Three points of inspiration
In the process of analyzing the economic development of Henan, it can be seen that many practices to accelerate the economic development of Henan can be used as a reference for our province, there are at least the following points of inspiration:
1, the development of the Changjiu Industrial Corridor as the focus, to create a growth pole in the regional economic competition. In recent years, Henan proposed the construction of the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration (the center of Zhengzhou, Luoyang as a sub-center, Kaifeng, Xinxiang, Jiaozuo, Xuchang, Pingdingshan, Luohe, Jiyuan and other 9 cities as a node. With an area of 59,000 square kilometers and a population of 38 million, the GDP accounts for about 56% of the province). The implementation of the strategy of the rise of the Central Plains has had a positive impact on the creation of a regional economic growth pole in Henan, enhancing the competitiveness of the eastern part of the country and even international industrial transfers, and improving the status and role of the national strategy for the rise of central China. 1992, the province began to implement the strategy of the "Changjiu Industrial Corridor", which has been in the process of giving full play to the integrated advantages of Nanchang and Jiujiang's proximity to the river. In 1992, the province began to implement the "Changjiu Industrial Corridor" strategy, in the full play of Nanchang's comprehensive advantages and Jiujiang's advantages of the river, on the basis of the formation of a large cross of the internal industrial layout, and externally through the participation of the development of the river, can better integrate into the Yangtze River Delta and globalization. At present, should focus on the construction of the Changjiu Industrial Corridor, accelerate the docking of the Yangtze River Delta and Fujian, integration into the globalization process, and strive to promote the rise of Jiangxi in the central region.
2, industrialization of agriculture as a means to improve the efficiency and strength of agricultural growth. Industrialization is the key to the transformation of Henan from a large agricultural province to a strong agricultural province. In the Sanquan, Si Nian, Shuanghui and other food enterprises in the initial stage, Henan's rich agricultural resources to provide the conditions for its development, and now, these growing food processing enterprises, has been the leading force in Henan's agricultural growth and structural adjustment. Jiangxi as a proportion of agricultural output and agricultural population in the province, the current lack of Henan so that the sales revenue of more than 10 billion yuan of food processing enterprises, to establish support for leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization is to support the concept of agriculture and farmers, carefully selected to have international and domestic comparative advantages and the province's radiation power of the agricultural industrialization project, focus on support.
3, to develop manufacturing industry as the main line, the formation of distinctive urban industrial support system.
Cities in Henan have distinctive and complementary industrial characteristics. Zhengzhou is the meeting point of the north-south and east-west corridor, the comprehensive advantages of a better; Luoyang is China's manufacturing base; Kaifeng is a historic city; Xuchang has power equipment, tobacco, diamond and other advantageous industries; Luohe's food, textile, paper famous; Pingdingshan to coal, machinery, electric power pillar industries; Xinxiang's textile, electronics, electrical appliances; Jiaozuo's chemical industry, the energy industry and automotive parts; Jiyuan's power and aluminum industry, and so on. Industry, and so on, constitute a more complete and more developed industrial system in Henan.
Nanchang to enhance the status of the manufacturing industry; Jiujiang to actively develop the heavy chemical industry; Xinyu, Pingxiang, Yingtan, to the existing black and non-ferrous metallurgical base bigger and stronger; Shangrao, Ganzhou, Fuzhou to take advantage of location, and actively undertake the transfer of manufacturing industry; Yichun, Ji'an, to take advantage of the local conditions and the use of a variety of factors conducive to the development of processing and manufacturing industry; Jingdezhen to revitalize the ceramics industrialization. And accelerate the development of automobile, aviation, compressor and other manufacturing industries. Need to strengthen from three aspects: First, accelerate the pace of restructuring and transformation of the state-owned economy, to achieve the goal of rapid strengthening and expansion. In some important areas to change the passive reform to active reform, accelerate the reform process, to promote market-oriented selection and employment mechanism, the implementation of more effective incentives and constraints mechanism to enhance the vitality of enterprise development. Secondly, we should take a more open attitude and actively undertake the gradient transfer of industries in the east. Thirdly, from the national interest, to fight for the country has more infrastructure and basic industrial layout of Jiangxi.
4, to build a technological innovation system as the driving force to improve the core competitiveness of enterprises. Shuanghui with advanced technology to shape the "assured meat" image, to win the hearts of the people, to win the market, last year to achieve sales income of 14 billion yuan; Ancai Group with leading technology, the glass shell production scale of the world's first, the domestic market share of 46%, and one-third of the products exported last year, the enterprise achieved sales income of 7.8 billion yuan. Technological innovation is the foundation and guarantee for the development and growth of enterprises. Our province should focus on supporting the establishment of enterprise technology centers as the main form of technological innovation system, to industry-university-research union as the link between the transformation of scientific and technological achievements system for small and medium-sized technological innovation services intermediary system. We should concentrate our efforts on obtaining major breakthroughs in optoelectronics, proprietary Chinese medicines, digital display industry, etc., forming a number of core technologies with independent knowledge of the industry, fostering a number of core competitiveness of enterprises and products, enhancing the competitiveness of the six pillar industries and developing a number of pioneering industries.