1. Medicine, pharmacology, biochemistry: Vitamins C, abbreviated VC, phonetic translation "vitamin C", the Chinese translation for vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid.
In 1907, the Norwegian chemist Holst found it in lemon juice, and in 1934 it was obtained as a pure product. It is a colorless crystal, which is a water-soluble vitamin, easily soluble in water, and the aqueous solution is acidic, so it is called ascorbic acid. It is stable in acidic solution and easily oxidized and decomposed in neutral or alkaline solution. Metal ions such as iron and copper can accelerate its oxidation rate.
The main functions of vitamin C in the human body are: to participate in the redox process in the body, to promote the growth and development of the human body, to enhance the body's resistance to disease, to promote the formation of collagen in the interstitial matrix of the cells, to maintain the normal function of the teeth, bones, blood vessels and muscles, and to enhance the liver's detoxification ability. When there is a lack of vitamin C in the human body, there will be bleeding gums, loose teeth, fragile bones, mucous membranes and subcutaneous bleeding easily, wounds are not easy to heal and other symptoms. In recent years, scientists have also found that vitamin C can prevent nitrites and secondary amines from combining into carcinogens in the stomach - subtractamine, thus reducing the incidence of cancer.
2. Software, Computer Science, Windows Development: Visual C and Visual C++, an important member of Visual Studio, the visual integrated development environment (IDE) developed by Microsoft, whose programming specifications conform to the ANSI C/C++ standard, and which integrates the Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC, or Microsoft Foundation Classes) and the visual development environment, VC provides a large number of APIs of the Microsoft Windows operating system, thus making the development efficiency greatly improved over other languages. However, the program written using its MFC can only run under the Windows operating system.
3. Economic and financial fields, company operations: Venture Capitalist, venture capitalists, venture capital, also known as "venture capital", generally refers to investment in high-tech industries. As an investment field outside the mature market with great investment risk, its capital comes from financial capital, personal capital, corporate capital, as well as pension funds and health insurance funds. As far as the practice of various countries is concerned, venture capital is mostly operated in the form of investment funds.
Venture capital has different characteristics from general investment, as follows:
1) High risk. Venture capital is mainly targeted at small and medium-sized high-tech enterprises that have just started or have not yet started, with small scale and no fixed assets or funds as collateral or guarantee. As the investment target is often "seed" technology or a conceptualization of ideas, and they are in the beginning of the design stage, has not been tested by the market, can be transformed into real productivity, there are many uncertainties. Therefore, high risk is the essence of venture capital.
2) High yield. Venture capital is a forward-looking investment strategy, the expected high growth and high value-added enterprises is the intrinsic motivation of its investment. Once the investment is successful, it will bring ten times or even a hundred times the return on investment. High-risk, high-yield in the risky investment process is fully reflected.
3) Low liquidity. Venture capital is invested in the early stage of the high-tech enterprise, and when the enterprise develops and matures, it can realize the equity through the capital market and get the return, and then carry out a new round of investment operation. Therefore, the investment period is long, usually 4-8 years. In addition, in the final exit of venture capital, if the exit is not good, it will be very difficult to withdraw, resulting in reduced liquidity of venture capital.
In essence, venture capital is a support system for the high-tech industry in the process of capital investment and effective use, which accelerates the transformation of high-tech achievements, strengthens the high-tech industry, and catalyzes the vigorous development of the knowledge-based economy, which is its main role. Of course, for the whole national economy, venture capital is of great significance in promoting technological innovation of enterprises, facilitating the adjustment of industrial organizations, changing the social employment structure, expanding the channels of personal investment choices, and strengthening the depth of the capital market, etc.
VCVC is the largest venture capital firm in China.
VC stands for Vision Components Corporation and is well known in the industry.
German vision components company is recognized as the world's leading manufacturer of intelligent cameras. Its camera products will image acquisition, processing, I\O control and communication in one. And the use of the current performance of the most powerful image processing special DSP, high degree of intelligence, build the system cost is low, is the user to construct the ideal choice of machine vision system.
VC Intelligent Camera Features:
1. Comparable computing speed with PC
2. Convenient connection with other equipment on the production line
3. SVGA or SXGA video images can be output directly on the monitor
4. Highly open image processing libraries and common libraries are provided
5. Source-level secondary development
6. The work process can be completely detached from the PC
VC is also a famous NBA player Vince Carter (Vince Carter) abbreviation
Some people come to ask "what is the Portfolio Company, and VC and whether it means the same thing". Portfolio of course means "briefcase", Portfolio company is not a purse company, but refers to a member of the investment package of a VC. From the VC's point of view, what companies are in their Portfolio indicates the VC's portfolio and investment strategy. Generally speaking, we either use the term "member firm" or "institutional firm" for the Chinese name of a Portfolio company.
* In education, Portfolio is a learner's personal portfolio, that is, a learner's personal data and learning record, Portfoilio can help educators to more comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of the learner's learning, rather than relying on test scores alone.
Venture Capital
VC means Venture Capital
The so-called venture capital, according to the definition of the National Venture Capital Association, refers to a kind of equity capital invested by professional financiers in new, rapidly growing enterprises with great competitive potential. Venture capital can also be understood as a dynamic cyclical process. Venture investors use their own professional knowledge and practical experience in related industries or sectors, combined with efficient business management skills and financial expertise, to proactively participate in the management and operation of the venture enterprise or venture project, until the venture enterprise or venture project is publicly traded or through mergers and acquisitions to realize the capital appreciation and liquidity of funds. After the exit of one round of venture capital investment, the capital will be invested in the next selected venture enterprise or venture project, and so on, continuously obtaining the value-added venture capital.
VCs are accelerating into the Chinese market, with $1.07 billion in venture capital invested in Chinese companies in 2005. Venture capital adviser Zero2IPO predicts that figure will rise to $1.5 billion in 2006.
VC stands for venture capital, and refers to the investment behavior of venture fund firms that use the money they raise to invest in sectors and industries they believe will make money. For example, RAND in the United States, Zero2IPO in China, and many others, most of their investment means is to invest money into a company, participate in the operation, the company's assets will rapidly increase in value, and then see the opportunity to sell the assets or shares to recover the investment and make a profit.
VCs are divided into financial VCs and corporate VCs, with financial VCs pursuing a pure return on investment, while corporate VCs require a return on investment as well as the creation of benefits for the rest of their business. This is the biggest difference between financial VCs and corporate VCs.
Venture Capital Organizations: /vc.html
Venture Capital Organizations
China Venture Capital Network | Invest in China | Internet Labs | Zero2IPO | Vertical Harmony | China Venture Capital Research Institute | PUK Venture Capital | Venture Capital Homeland
Econet | Overseas Scholars Venture Capital Fund | China Venture Capital | Arena Markets Consulting | Acorn Shanghai Incubator | Guangdong Venture Capital Promotion Association
Peking University Venture Capital and Entrepreneurship Forum | China Private Investment Network | China Venture Capital Network | Sina Enterprise Service Investment Channel | China Investment Information Network
China Investment Project Network
Angel Investment Institutions
Super Angel Investment Club | Shanghai Angel Investment Management Co. Ltd | China Private Capital Network | Angel Investment | Zhejiang Angel Venture Capital Co.
Hebei Angel Investment Consultant Co Ltd | Snowline International High-Tech Venture Alliance | Fujian Angel Investors Club | Jiaxing Nankai Angel Investment Co Ltd
Angel Investment | Shanghai Venture Capital Management Co Ltd | Maple Valley Investment | Shenzhen Angel Investment Crown Venture Salon
LAVA - Los Angeles Venture Association | Tech Coast Angels
Venture Capital Institutions
Sequoia Fund | IDG Technology Venture Capital Fund | Acer Technology Investment Asia Pacific | Lenovo Investment | Softbank China Venture Capital Co. Vizz Venture Capital Group (China) Ltd | Shanghai Lianchuang Investment Management Co Ltd | Walden International | Become Fund | Fidelity International Venture Capital
Shenzhen Innovative Investment Group | Tianzengdi Chang (Shanghai) Venture Capital Management Co Ltd | China Venture Capital Co Ltd | Yuancheng Fundamental Co Ltd | Standard Chartered Venture Capital Group | CITIC Capital Co Ltd
Sunway Investment Limited | China Merchants Investment (Fund) Management Company | Wells Fargo Group | Taishan International Investment Company | DCM-Doll
China Hi-Tech Industrial Investment Management Company Limited | Tianjin TEDA Science & Technology Venture Capital Company Limited | China International Capital Corporation Limited
Shanghai Fudan Quantum Venture Capital Management Co. Ltd | Guangzhou Technology Venture Capital Co.
Henan High-Tech Venture Capital Co. Technology Investment Company | SK (China) Investment Co.
Zhejiang Paradise Silicon Valley Venture Group Ltd | Liaoning Science and Technology Venture Capital Co.
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What's a VC's Favorite Business Model -Original
Having been a VC for a few years, I have been involved in numerous projects, contacted countless entrepreneurs, and participated in the management of several startups. I have experienced the smooth sailing growth of a business, the torment of a long and slow night, and the collapse in the twinkling of an eye. I am very eager to share my experiences, experiences and ideas. What is VC's favorite business model? This topic is taken out as the opening sentence of my BLOG, and exchange with you.
VC, for some reason, is translated as "Venture Capital" in China, but this risk (venture) is not the other risk (risk), in fact, venture capitalists will deliberately avoid risk.
A new company or an investment project usually has three aspects of risk: one is the market, the second is technology, and the third is people.
Let's talk about the risk of "people" first, the United States after 25 years of development, there are very successful professional managers, so the risk of people is relatively small, while China's "people" risk is relatively large, which is the biggest problem faced by the Chinese entrepreneurial enterprises.
This is the biggest problem facing Chinese startups.
For the "market" risk, since the U.S. market has basically developed into a mature market, the entrepreneurial program is more to open up new markets. In China, the original market has not been fully tapped, so new projects in China can avoid this risk as long as the market is positioned in the existing market.
Similarly, the use of existing U.S. technology to develop new applications in China can avoid the risk of "technology".
So, from the perspective of venture capital, as shown above, the business model of mature technology + mature market is the best, followed by innovative technology + mature market, and then innovative market + mature technology, for the business model of innovative technology + innovative market, investors will be very cautious, and generally will not invest easily.
Innovative technology + innovative market projects, the market does not know when to get up, the total amount and value-added rate are uncertain, the stability of the technology, reliability need to be verified, and team members do not have ready-made business experience to learn from, the target users, charging mode, pricing strategy, marketing channels, product design and so on need to be groped for and verified, the project's risk will be very large, the cycle is long.
Taking an overview of China's enterprises, the forerunner usually can't share the fruits of victory, such as VCDs and cell phones. To put it more recently, there are many projects based on 3G, to cite a simple example, such as mobile TV, which is a typical innovative technology + innovative market project, although we all know that 3G will certainly come, we all know that mobile TV will certainly have a market. But when will 3G come, how many users will accept it, and how much they are willing to pay, these are all unknowns.
On the contrary, look at Ctrip, 51job, Focusmedia to do the industry are in fact very traditional, booking, job intermediary, advertising, with the technology is also very familiar, but the market is very clear, the capacity of a large value-added rate of speed, the business model is very clear, where the business and the capital market have a very good performance.
/tozhaomin/archive/2006/02/20/734575.aspx
What is VC-Classical
What is Venture Capital
Venture capital investment (venture capital investment) is a kind of capital investment in the form of equity capital. venture capital investment (venture capital investment) is a form of private equity investment that exists in the form of equity capital, and its investment operation is that the investment company (investor) invests in venture companies or high-growth enterprises (growth orientated) and takes possession of the investee's capital. The investment operation is that the investor invests in venture companies or growth oriented enterprises, takes possession of the investee's shares, and cashes out at the right time.
[u]Venture capital firms invest only in companies that are not yet publicly traded, and their interest is not in owning and operating the venture, but in eventually exiting and realizing a return on their investment. [/u]Because the capital of venture capital is called public *** stock market investment capital liquidity to be much lower, so its pursuit of the rate of return is also relatively high. Most of the venture capital companies in order to reduce the risk, do not seek a controlling position in the enterprise, only in the investment company seeks to control the business direction of the investee company will deliberately seek to become the largest shareholder; investment company managers are generally not involved in the day-to-day management of the investee enterprise, and mainly rely on the investment with a detailed set of project feasibility review process before the investment, to assess the likelihood of success of the investment. Dividends are not the goal of the venture capitalist's business operations. The sole purpose of a venture capital firm is to increase the value of its investment through the rapid development of the investee company, and to cash out at the right time. The way to exit can be public listing (IPO), sell equity to a third party (trade sale), entrepreneurs buy back (buy back), or liquidation (liquidation).
The capital investment market can be divided into four major segments:
Public bonds Private debt
Public equity Private equity
Entrepreneurial investment is a type of private equity, which is relative to *** equity (the public stock market) and private bonds (such as bank loans). Private equity investment in addition to venture capital there are leveraged buyouts, mergers and acquisitions, mezzanine investment (mezzanine), and turn around (turn around) and other forms. In fact, the difference between venture capital and private equity is not so obvious, and many venture capital funds are often involved in MBO/MBI and corporate restructuring investments. The position of venture capital funds in the financial capital system is shown in the following chart:
Venture capital firms invest in mostly start-up or fast-growing high-tech companies, and occasionally they also invest in traditional industries with promising market prospects, retailing with new business models, or special consumer goods industries. These industries generally offer high value-added technologies, products or services that are profitable in the long term and can be guaranteed. In this paper, venture is the process by which a company grows rapidly through technological, product or management innovation. In addition to entrepreneurial companies, VC firms are also interested in the following four types of situations:
Unprofitable company Turn around by bringing in capital, management and technology
Management buyout (MBO/MBI/Bimbos) Helping executives inside the company or (with) an outside management team. With) external management team to buy the company
Leveraged buyout (LBO/LBI) Internal financing acquisition or third-party financing acquisition
Recapitalization (refinancing) Changes in shareholders, the exchange of equity for debt, and part of the shareholders' cash
Each VC firm has its own characteristics and positioning ( Each VC firm has its own characteristics and positioning, which is differentiated by the size of the investment, regional focus, industry preference, types of investment deals, and the stage of the enterprise's development at which the investment is made. Specialized investment firms generally have a minimum investment limit, as they do not have the time and energy to consider and manage many small projects. They also have a maximum investment limit to avoid over-concentration of risk.
Venture capital firms can be viewed as retailers of funds, who raise funds from large funds of funds, such as pension funds, insurance funds, large banks, publicly traded companies, or government agencies (which can be viewed as wholesalers of funds), and set up a venture capital fund, which is then invested in promising, fast-growing companies. Venture capital firms then invest the money in promising, fast-growing companies (usually high-tech companies) and own shares in these invested companies. The investment period is usually between two and seven years.
Venture capital firms are interested in sources of capital, promising companies, and ways to cash out. The ways of making profit for Venture Capital firms is mainly to sell the equity invested upfront at a price higher than the original price. There are three main ways of exiting a VC, namely, stock listing, share transfer and liquidation. The recipients of these share transfers can be other investment firms, buyers in corporate mergers and acquisitions, or entrepreneurs.
Venture capital firms generally have their own investment funds and also act as agents for the investment business of other funds. For agency investment business, VC firms generally charge an agency fee of 1.5-3%, plus an additional 20-25% of the value-added portion of the funds. Venture capital firms' sources of income may include interest on bonds or debentures, stock investment income, and consulting income, in addition to value-added transfers of equity and investment management agent fees.
Because of the general history of entrepreneurial enterprises is not long, often management monitoring system is not yet perfect, and the liquidity of the equity is very low, so the investment in entrepreneurial enterprises has a great deal of speculative and risky, and the return on investment of venture capital funds is also a lot higher than that of the stock investment funds. The target return on investment (ROI) of European and American venture capital funds is 15-30%, and a well-done investment company can reach 40-60%. Considering the risk of a specific project, the target ROI for each project invested by the fund is higher, and the risk of investing in China is higher, so the expected return rate is also higher. According to the 2-6-2 principle in the venture capital industry, out of every ten investment projects, two may generate excessive returns (more than ten times the investment amount), six have mediocre returns, and two failures. Generally speaking, 80% of the return from 20% of the project, so for each specific project target return must be higher than the target return of the entire fund. Some people say that VC is to invest in ten projects, expect nine failures, rely on a successful project to make a lot of money, this is really a big misunderstanding. VC is hoping to invest in ten projects, ten all successful, where there is betting on the same as the success of only one project?
Vice City
VC is also known as Vice City (Grand Theft Auto: Sin City). It's an 18+ game from Rockstar.
This game is part of the Grand Theft Auto series, known as Grand Theft Auto: Sin City, or Grand Theft Auto: Sin City, or Grand Theft Auto: Sin City, or Grand Theft Auto: Sin City. ". It is not Grand Theft Auto 4, which is not yet available. Grand Theft Auto 4 i.e. IV, skipping VC and SA for easy counting.
The game is set in the 80's style Vice City, a fictionalized Vice City that is actually modeled after the city of Miami, USA in the 80's. The protagonist of the game, Tommy Vercetti, is a member of the Forelli Brothers gang, and becomes the master of the game after killing Forelli's boss, sonny, and VC's gang leader, dize, for various reasons. The game is twice the size of Grand Theft Auto 3, with over 100 vehicles to choose from, including helicopters and motorcycles. More than 90 '80s classics will be featured in the game's soundtrack.
Virtual Container
The so-called Virtual Container (VC: Virtual Container) is a kind of information structure that supports the connection of the channel layer, and when various businesses are processed and loaded into the Virtual Container, the system only needs to deal with the various Virtual Containers to achieve the purpose, regardless of the specific information structure, so it has a very good transparency of the information, and at the same time, reduces the number of management entities.
Virtual Containers
Virtual containers are information structures used to support SDH channel layer connections. It is the information endpoint of the SDH channel and consists of the information net load (output of the container) and the channel overhead (POH) arranged in a block frame structure with a repetition period of 125us or 500us, i.e.
VC-n=C-n+VC-n POH
VC is the most important type of information structure in the SDH, and its encapsulation rate is synchronized with that of the SDH network, so that different VCs have different packet rates. Its packet rate is synchronized with the SDH network, so different VCs are synchronized with each other, but asynchronous net loads from different containers are allowed to be loaded inside the VC. Since the VC always remains intact during transmission in the SDH network (except for the combination and disassembly points of the VCs), it can be inserted or removed at any point in the channel as an independent entity very easily and flexibly for synchronous multiplexing and cross-connect processing.
Virtual containers can be divided into two categories: low-order virtual containers and high-order virtual containers. VC11, VC12, VC2 and VC-3 before TU-3 are low-order virtual containers; VC-4 and AU-3 are high-order virtual containers.
Virtual Circuit
An abbreviation for Virtual Circuit, meaning virtual circuit, is a link between two or more endpoint sites on a packet-switched hash network. It provides temporary or dedicated connection-oriented sessions between two endpoints. It is inherently characterized by a predetermined path through a multipath network. Defining a path well in advance improves performance and increases throughput by eliminating the need for frame and packet headers. Technically, changes can be made to the physical path through the packet-switched network to avoid congestion and failed lines, but the two end systems maintain a single connection and change the path description as needed. Figure V-2 illustrates a virtual circuit between a LAN user and a remote location. Note how this virtual circuit spans this LAN connection, the multiplexed links between bridges/routers, the packet-switched network, and the links traversing the packet-switched network for User A.