Chlorine-containing disinfectants refer to disinfectants that can dissolve in water to produce hypochlorous acid. The index of "available chlorine" is used to measure its oxidation ability. Common chlorine-containing disinfectants include sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, hypochlorous acid, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, trichloroisocyanuric acid and dichlorohydantoin.
Chlorine-containing disinfectant is one of the commonly used disinfectants because it is convenient and cheap, and it is also one of the most widely used disinfectants to deal with new respiratory infectious diseases. It belongs to advanced disinfectant and can kill various microorganisms including bacterial spores. However, it also has some shortcomings, such as pungent smell, corrosiveness, bleaching effect, damage to sterilized items, and environmental pollution caused by excessive use.
1. species
(1) sodium hypochlorite: it can be mixed with water phase, the diluent is unstable, and the available chlorine decreases rapidly. According to the product instructions, 84 disinfectant is usually 2%-5%.
(2) Calcium hypochlorite: also known as bleaching powder and bleaching powder essence, the available chlorine content of bleaching powder is ≥20%, and the available chlorine content of bleaching powder essence is 56%-60%. Soluble in water, the solution is easy to be turbid and has a lot of residue. The stability of aqueous solution is poor, and it will accelerate decomposition when exposed to sunlight, heat and humidity.
(3) hypochlorous acid water: refers to the aqueous solution containing stable hypochlorous acid molecules in the stock solution. It is a new high-grade disinfectant with a light smell. The content of available chlorine is generally 50-200mg/L, the pH is 4.0-6.8, and the redox potential is above 1040mV. It has good stability in room temperature, closed and light-proof environment.
(4) sodium dichloroisocyanurate: The content of available chlorine is ≥55%, which is often used for preventive disinfection and epidemic disinfection, mainly used for disinfection of hospital environment and medical supplies. The dosage forms are tablets, powders and granules. Solid preparation is relatively stable, and the stability of aqueous solution is poor.
(5) Trichloroisocyanuric acid: commonly used for disinfection of swimming pool water and hospital sewage. The dosage forms are tablets, effervescent tablets, sustained-release tablets, powders and granules. The effective chlorine content of effervescent tablets is 250mg, 500mg or 1000mg, and the most commonly used is 500 mg. Sustained release tablets usually contain 88% available chlorine; The effective chlorine content of powder and granules accounts for 10%-90%, and the common chlorine content accounts for 20%.
(6) Dichlorohydantoin: white crystalline or crystalline powder with an odor similar to bleaching powder. Soluble in most organic solvents and concentrated sulfuric acid, insoluble in water. The content of available chlorine is 60%-70%, which is stable after drying and crystallization.
2。 Chlorine-containing disinfectants are generally suitable for disinfection of medical instruments, medical wastes, tableware, fabrics, fruits and vegetables, water and other pollutants in epidemic areas, such as tables and chairs, nightstands, sanitary ware, door and window handles, stair handrails, bus seats, handles, toys, etc. Except hypochlorous acid water, it is not suitable for disinfection of air, hands, skin and mucous membranes. In addition to the above purposes, hypochlorous acid water can also be used to disinfect indoor air, hands, skin, mucous membranes and the surface of secondary water supply equipment.
Chlorine-containing disinfectant should be used now, and the specific use method should be carried out according to the product instructions. According to the characteristics of disinfected articles, disinfection methods such as spraying wine, soaking, wiping and washing can be adopted.
(1) General object surface: During preventive disinfection, the surface of various clean objects can be wiped, soaked and sprayed with disinfectant with the concentration of available chlorine of 250-500mg/L 10-30min. The surface of the object contaminated by infectious disease pathogens can be wiped, soaked and sprayed with disinfectant with effective chlorine concentration of 1000-2000mg/L for10-30min; When the surface of the object is polluted by blood, mucus and other organic substances, the concentration of available chlorine in the disinfectant can be increased to 2000-1000 mg/L.
(2) Tableware: Preventive disinfection is not recommended. On the basis of cleaning, the tableware used by patients with infectious diseases can be soaked and disinfected with disinfectant with effective chlorine concentration of 500mg/L for 20 minutes, and then the residual disinfectant can be washed with clear water after disinfection.
(3) Fabric: The concentration of available chlorine can be 250-400mg/L for preventive disinfection. Soak the fabric with disinfectant for 20 minutes, and rinse the residual disinfectant with clean water after disinfection. Disinfect the fabric contaminated by infectious disease pathogens. The fabric can be completely soaked in the disinfectant with the concentration of available chlorine of 500mg/L for 30 minutes, and then the residual disinfectant can be washed off with clean water.
(4) Fruits and vegetables: During preventive disinfection, the fruits and vegetables should be washed first, then soaked with disinfectant with effective chlorine concentration of 100-200mg/L, washed and disinfected for10min, and then the residual disinfectant should be washed with clear water after disinfection.
(5) Secretion and excreta: 50g or 2000ml{ of bleaching powder (disinfectant with available chlorine concentration of 20000mg/L) can be added to the thin secretion and/or excreta of patients; and 4000mg of bleaching powder 100g or disinfectant with available chlorine (bromine) concentration of 20000ml can be added to the excreta and vomit of patients in novel coronavirus. Viscous secretions and/or excreta can be treated with disinfectant with effective chlorine concentration of 50,000 mg/L, mixed and stirred with 2 parts of disinfectant and 1 part of secretions and/or excreta, and then left standing for 120 minutes or more.
(6) Water: A proper amount of chlorine-containing disinfectant (about 0.5- 10g) is added to each cubic meter of water, and the residual chlorine is 0.3-05mg/L after 30min. If drinking water is disinfected, the disinfected water quality should meet the drinking water standard.
(7) Air: Generally speaking, other disinfectants should not be used for air disinfection except hypochlorous acid water. Clean up the pollution source, close the doors and windows, use the hypochlorous acid aqueous solution with the effective concentration of 100mg/L and cooperate with the special aerosol atomizer, and use 10~20ml/m? Dosage, spray disinfection, 30 minutes, can be put into use.
(8) Hand: Generally speaking, other chlorine-containing disinfectants should not be used for hand disinfection except hypochlorous acid water. Use hypochlorous acid aqueous solution with effective concentration of 150mg/. Sanitary hand disinfection: take enough disinfectant to completely cover or immerse the part to be disinfected 1 min; Disinfection of surgical hands: After surgical hand washing, apply a proper amount of disinfectant evenly to the skin of hands, forearms and lower arms for 3 minutes.
(9) Skin mucosa: Generally speaking, other chlorine-containing disinfectants should not be used to disinfect skin mucosa except hypochlorous acid water. Spray the wine on the parts to be disinfected with hypochlorous acid aqueous solution with effective concentration of 100mg/L until it is evenly covered; Or wipe it with a sterile cotton swab or gauze soaked with disinfectant.
3。 Matters needing attention
(1) Disinfectants for external use shall not be taken orally. Please keep it out of the reach of children. The package should be marked with corresponding safety warning signs.
(2) When preparing and repackaging concentrated disinfectant, masks and gloves should be worn; Wear gloves when using, and avoid contact with skin. If you accidentally splash it into your eyes, you should immediately wash it with water, and if it is serious, you should seek medical attention.
(3) Keep away from light and moisture, and seal in a cool place; It is now on the market.
(4) It has bleaching effect on fabrics and is not suitable for disinfection of colored fabrics. For corrosion of metals and other items, wash them in time after disinfection.
(5) After tableware and medical devices are disinfected, the residual disinfectant should be washed with clear water in time before it can be used in human body.
(6) When the organic pollution of the disinfected articles is serious, the use concentration should be appropriately increased or the action time should be prolonged, or disinfection should be carried out twice.
(7) Use in accordance with the scope of use, method of use, validity period and safety test results indicated in the specific product manual.