Solid waste disposal methods include ocean disposal and land disposal of two categories.
One, ocean disposal
Ocean disposal is mainly divided into ocean dumping and ocean burning two methods. With the deepening of people's understanding of the importance of protecting the environment and ecology and the improvement of the overall environmental awareness, marine disposal has been more and more restrictions.
Two, land disposal
Land disposal includes land cultivation, engineering bank or reservoir storage, landfill and deep well injection. Landfill is one of the most commonly used methods.
1, agricultural
That is, the use of surface soil ion exchange, adsorption, microbial degradation and leaching water leaching, volatilization of degradation products and other integrated action mechanism for the disposal of solid wastes, a method. This technology has the advantages of simple process, suitable cost, easy maintenance of equipment, very small impact on the environment, can improve soil structure, increase the effectiveness of fertilizer, etc. It is mainly used for disposal of low salt content, non-toxic, biodegradable solid wastes.
such as sludge and fly ash applied to agricultural land as a treatment method has attracted attention. Production practice and scientific research work has proved that the application of sludge, fly ash in the farmland can be fertilized, play a role in improving the soil and increase yields.
2, landfill disposal
It is from the traditional landfill and landfill disposal developed a final disposal technology. Because of its simple process, low cost, suitable for disposal of many types of waste, has become a major method of solid waste disposal.
There are many types of landfill disposal and different names are used. According to the landfill terrain characteristics can be divided into mountain landfill, flat landfill, waste pit landfill; according to the state of the landfill can be divided into anaerobic landfill, aerobic landfill, quasi-aerobic landfill; according to the law can be divided into sanitary landfill and security landfill, etc..
With the different types of landfill with its landfill structure and performance are also different. Generally speaking, landfills mainly include: waste dams, rainwater collection and drainage systems (including leachate collection and drainage systems, leachate treatment systems), release gas treatment systems, access management facilities, access roads, environmental monitoring systems, fly-away prevention facilities, disaster prevention facilities, management offices, and isolation facilities.
Sanitary landfills are suitable for the disposal of general solid waste. Using sanitary landfill to dispose of municipal waste is not only simple in operation, convenient in construction and inexpensive, but also can recover methane gas at the same time, which is widely used at home and abroad.
In the process of selecting, designing, constructing, operating and closing the sanitary landfill site, several major issues should be considered, such as the prevention of leachate leakage, the control of the release of degradation gases, the elimination of odor and pathogenic bacteria, and the development and utilization of the site.
3, deep well injection disposal
This refers to the injection of liquid into the ground and drinking water and vein layers separated from the permeable rock layer. General and hazardous wastes can be disposed of by deep well injection. However, it is mainly used to dispose of wastes that have proven to be difficult to destroy, difficult to transform, cannot be treated by other methods or are expensive to treat by other methods. Before disposal by deep well injection, the waste needs to be liquefied to form a true solution or emulsion.
The planning, design, construction and operation of a deep well injection disposal system is divided into several phases: waste pretreatment, site selection, well drilling and construction. As well as environmental monitoring and other phases.
Composition
The composition of municipal solid waste varies greatly from municipality to municipality and will it vary significantly with time. In municipalities with well-established waste recycling systems, the waste stream consists mainly of hard-to-treat wastes such as plastic film and non-recyclable packaging materials. At the beginning of the 20th century, most of the UK's household waste (53%) consisted of soot from open fires.
In developed areas without significant recycling activity, it consists primarily of food waste, market waste, yard waste, plastic containers and product packaging materials, and other miscellaneous solid waste from residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial sources. Most definitions of municipal solid waste do not include industrial waste, agricultural waste, medical waste, radioactive waste, or sewage sludge. Garbage collection is conducted by municipalities in specific areas.
The term "residual waste" refers to waste from household sources that contains materials that have not been separated or sent for disposal. Waste can be categorized in a number of ways, but the following list represents a typical categorization:
1.? Biodegradable waste: food and kitchen waste, green waste, paper (most can be recycled, but may exclude some plant material that is difficult to compost).
2.? Recyclable materials: paper, cardboard, glass, bottles, cans, tin cans, aluminum cans, aluminum foil, metals, some plastics, textiles, clothing, tires, batteries, etc.
3.? Inert waste: construction and demolition waste, dirt, rocks, debris.
4.? Electrical and electronic waste (WEEE) - appliances, light bulbs, washing machines, TVs, computers, screens, cell phones, alarm clocks, watches, etc.
5.? Composite waste: waste clothes, Tetra Pak food and drink cartons, toys and plastic garden furniture and other waste plastics.
6.? Hazardous waste, including most paints, chemicals, tires, batteries, light bulbs, appliances, fluorescent lights, aerosol spray cans and fertilizers.
7.? Toxic waste, including pesticides, herbicides and fungicides.
8.? Biomedical waste, expired drugs, etc.
The above references? Baidu Encyclopedia-Solid Waste