1 The necessity and urgency of cross-basin water transfer
1.1 The current situation of water resources and development and utilization in Shandong Province
Shandong Province is one of the provinces with the most serious resource water shortage in the northern region of China. According to the analysis and calculation, the average total water resources for many years is 30.6 billion m3, the per capita possession of 344 m3, even with the national allocation of 7 billion m3 of Yellow River water, the per capita possession of only 423 m3, less than 1/6 of the country, for the world's average per capita 1/25, is the world's water crisis area. Since the founding of the country, Shandong Province has built a large number of blocking, storage, water diversion projects and groundwater mining projects, irrigation and urban water supply projects, has formed 26.5 billion m3 of annual water supply capacity, the design capacity of the Yellow River has reached 2,155 m3/s. Since 1987, the actual average annual water supply of 24.313 billion m3, of which 5.346 billion m3 of surface water, 11.513 billion m3 of groundwater. 7.156 billion m3 of Yellow River water, the Yellow River water, The utilization rate of the province's water resources has reached 64.66%, of which the utilization rate of groundwater has exceeded 90% (some areas have been over-exploited or seriously over-exploited). It can be seen that the degree of development and utilization of water resources in Shandong Province, the current situation has reached a high level, in general, has been close to or slightly more than the realistic conditions of reasonable water resources carrying capacity.
1.2 The serious situation of water scarcity
Since the 1980s in Shandong Province, industrial and agricultural water supply situation continues to be tense, a serious shortage of surface water resources, groundwater resources continue to be over-exploitation of urban and rural water supply frequently emergency, to industrial and agricultural production has caused huge losses to the people's lives, social stability and the ecological environment has brought about serious consequences, Shandong Province, the most water-scarce Jiaodong area The most water-scarce area in Shandong Province is Jiaodong. According to the 1980-2000 drought statistics, the province's average annual farmland affected area of 2.654 million hm2, the disaster area of 1.163 million hm2, the area of 163,000 hm2, harvest area, a reduction of 2.7 million tons of grain production, the affected population of 9.65 million people. 2003 Northwest Shandong Province, Southwest Shandong Province, Lutong and other places in the persistent drought, to Shandong Province, the losses caused by agricultural production is extremely tragic. The loss of agricultural production in Shandong Province is extremely heavy.
Drought and water shortages in addition to agricultural production pose a serious threat to the city, industrial and mining enterprises, water supply also has a significant impact. 20 century, the early 1980s, Qingdao, that is, water shortages; 1988, 1989, after the continuous drought, Weifang, Yantai, Weihai, Zibo and other cities have occurred in the water supply crisis. Especially in 1998-2001 continuous drought water shortage, resulting in most cities in Shandong Province, especially the Jiaodong region of the city appeared extremely serious water supply crisis, Weihai, Yantai, Jinan, Zibo, Weifang, Dongying and other 30 cities (including counties), 4 million people in the water difficulties, the residents of living water was forced to implement the regular water supply in a limited number of Weihai, Yantai per person Limited to 1 m3 and 1.5 m3 per person per month, more than a limited amount of water to implement punitive water price of 40 yuan / m3, industrial water had to implement the key and mandatory measures to water production, and shut down a large number of industrial and mining enterprises, the preliminary estimates of the annual direct economic losses due to insufficient water supply of more than 5 billion yuan.
In the future, with the development of industrial and agricultural production in Shandong Province, the people's living standards and urbanization level, the water demand will continue to increase in all aspects, if strong measures are not taken, the future of Shandong Province, the drought situation will become increasingly serious water shortage, drought damage will be greater.
1.3 The necessity and urgency of cross-basin water transfer
At present, the development and utilization of water resources in Shandong Province has reached a high level, and all over the country are facing the serious over-exploitation of groundwater, pollution of water quality, and deterioration of the environment. In order to maintain the water demand of the city and the development of industry and agriculture, the government has been forced to sacrifice the environment, and to sacrifice the water in rural areas in order to guarantee the water of the city's daily life and the industrial use. In the future, with the economic development and social progress, the social demand for water will become larger and larger, and the contradiction between the supply and demand of water resources will become more and more serious. Scarcity of water resources has seriously constrained the sustainable development of Shandong Province's economy and the process of reform and opening up, and has caused extremely negative impacts on social stability and ecological environment. In order to completely change the situation of water shortage in Shandong Province, support the sustainable development of the economy and society, in strengthening water conservation, increase the sewage treatment to achieve sewage resources, and in further rational allocation and development of local water resources at the same time, the implementation of cross-basin transfer of water, the early commencement of construction of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, is very necessary and urgent.
2 South-North Water Diversion Project in Shandong Province
South-North Water Diversion Project in Shandong Province by the north-south trunk line and east-west trunk line composed of the completion of the formation of the north-south and east-west across Shandong Province, "T" type water artery, Shandong Province, can be optimized for the allocation of water resources and the unified scheduling of laying a good foundation for the project.
2.1 Project Layout
2.1.1 North-South Water Transmission Trunk Line The main trunk line of the Shandong section of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project enters Hanzhuang Canal in Shandong Province from the border of Suzhou and Lu Province, and the North-South Water Transmission Trunk Line is divided into three parts from bottom to top. 1) Lunan Water Transmission Trunk Line: Located in the south of the Yellow River, the main trunk line enters into Shandong Province from the Middle Canal in Jiangsu Province and then utilizes the Hanzhuang Canal, the Nansihu Lake, the Liangji-Canal, and the Liuchang River as the transmission trunk line. The trunk line is 249.5 km long, of which the length of Hanzhuang Canal is 42.6 km; from Hanzhuang Canal to Nansihu through the old canal, the line is 115.5 km long, utilizing Nansihu for water transfer and storage; after going out of Nansihu, it will go up along Liangji Canal and enter Liuchang River via Changgou and Denglou pump stations. After leaving Nansihu, it goes northward along Liangji Canal, through Changgou and Denglou pumping stations to lift water into Liu Chang River step by step, utilizing Liangji Canal with a length of 57.2 km and Liu Chang River with a length of 21.2 km; and at the end of Liu Chang River, it builds Baliwan pumping station to lift water into Dongping Lake (the old lake area), utilizing Dongping Lake for storage and water transfer, with a line length of 13.0 km.2) Huangjian Junction Project: The Huangjian Junction Project is a project of the South-North Water Diversion to transfer water through Huanghe River from the outlet gate of Dongping Lake at the southern bank of the Yellow River to the northern bank of the Yellow River connecting to the Xiaoyun River. South-to-North Water Diversion Project is an important hub for water transmission to the north of the Yellow River. The hub consists of three parts: the water transmission canal section on the south bank, the section through the Yellow Junction, and the section through the Yellow Diversion Main Canal on the north bank of the Yellow River, with a total length of 16.89 km. (3) North Shandong Water Transmission Main Line: after crossing the Yellow River, the water is transmitted through Liaocheng to Linqing via the Small Canal, with a length of 112 km; the water is sent to Dezhou via the self-flow of the Qiyi River and the Sixty-five Rivers, with a length of 109 km; and the total length of the transmission line of Shandong section to the north of the Yellow River is 221 km. In order to ensure the water supply of Dezhou city and its nearby industrial and mining enterprises and towns, a new Datun Reservoir is planned to be built in Enxianwa, Datun Township, Wucheng County. The total length of the north-south trunk line of the Shandong section of the South-to-North Water Diversion is about 487.39 km.
2.1.2 East-West Trunk Line The East-West Trunk Line, i.e. Jiaodong Trunk Line, starts from the west at the diversion gate of the head canal of Dongping Lake, which is the last level of storage lake south of the Yellow River in the South-to-North Water Diversion, and goes to the east to Mishan Reservoir of Weihai City, and the trunk line has a total length of 704.5km. From west to east, it consists of three sections: west, center and east.
(1) the west section of the project: from the Dongping Lake canal head diversion gates since the flow of water to the Xiaoqing River flood diversion of HuangJiQing sub-trough on the throttle gate, along the way by Tai'an, Jinan, Binzhou, Zibo 4 cities, the transmission line is 240.4 km, is the communication of the north-south section of the South-North Water Diversion of Shandong Province, and the Jiaodong trunk line of the North-South Water Transfer and JiaoDong transmission trunk line in the east section of the project and diversion of HuangJiQing project is the key project. The section of the Xiaoqing River Mulizhuang gate as the boundary, the upper section is 89.89 km long, of which the use of the original Jiping Main Canal expansion of 42.0 km, the new water conveyance 47.2 km; Xiaoqing River Mulizhuang gate under the use of the Xiaoqing River main stream water conveyance section of 31.3 km long (clean and sewage diversion) to the Mengjiazhuang control gate in the left bank of the Xiaoqing River, the new water conveyance 84.65 km, into the floodway of the Xiaoqing River, the floodway excavation dredging Sub-slot 34.57 km, with the diversion of yellow to Qingdao project. In order to improve the degree of assurance of water supply, planning for the new Donghu, Shuangwangcheng two storage reservoirs.
(2) the middle section of the project: the main use of the project to divert HuangJiqing tapping transformation, a project from the diversion of HuangJiqing sub-slot on the throttle gate to the diversion of HuangJiqing SongZhuang sub-sluice gate, in the middle of the way through the SongZhuang, WangHoe two-level pumping station to lift the water, the water line total length of 142.1 km; the second phase of the project to be to expand the scale of the water supply to the JiaoDong region, in the middle of the section of the channel using the diversion of HuangJiqing by the SongZhuang sub-sluice gate to continue down to the planning of the new TingLan Reservoir Sub-sludge. The second phase of the project will expand the water supply to the Jiaodong area after the expansion of the scale of water supply to the Jiaodong region. From the floodway sub-slot on the control gate to the Tinglan Reservoir water diversion, the use of Huanghuang-Jiqing water transmission river total length of 206.7 km.
(3) the eastern section of the project: the eastern section of the project is divided into the north line project and the south line project, the near-term implementation of the northern line project, and then the implementation of the southern line project in the long term, when the Yangtze River water can be covered by the entire Jiaodong Peninsula. The recent northern line project is the state has approved the project will be implemented in the Jiaodong region to attract yellow water transfer project. The project from the diversion of HuangJiQing water transfer river design mileage 160 +240 at the new SongZhuang diversion, new nullah along the YanWei highway to the Huangshui River, water transfer nullah length of 161.4 km; over the Huangshui River through the pressure pipeline, culvert to the city of Yantai's Menlou Reservoir, Weihai City, the Mishan Reservoir, water supply, along the way through the gray port, DongSong, XinZhuang, the Huangshui River, WenShiShang, HuangWu, XingShiBo 7 pumping station step by step to raise water, the water transfer line is 160.6 km long, and the water transfer line is 160.6 km long. Water transmission line length of 160.6 km; the eastern section of the northern water transmission line length of 322.0 km. Long-term southern project, the use of Huangjianqing line continues to extend south to the planning of the new Tinglan reservoir, through the pressure pipeline to the east through Jimo, Laixi, Laiyang, Haiyang, Yushan, Wendeng to the Rongcheng City, Wan Tou Reservoir, a total length of 288.0 km, of which Tinglan Reservoir below the length of 222.8 km.
2.2 Project Scope
2.2 Scale of the project
According to the South-to-North Water Diversion Project Master Plan prepared by the Ministry of Water Resources in July 2002, the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is initially proposed to be implemented in three phases in accordance with the principle of passing through the project first and then smooth and phased implementation.
The first phase of the project: the main water supply to Shandong and Jiangsu provinces. Project scale for the pumping river 500 m3 / s, into the lower South Lake 200 m3 / s, into the upper lake 125 m3 / s, into the LiangJi Canal 100 m3 / s, into the DongPingLake 100 m3 / s, across the Yellow River 50 m3 / s, sent to JiaoDong area 50 m3 / s. JiaoDong water transmission trunk project DongPingLake canal head diversion design flow of 50.0 m3 / s, which JiaoDong water transmission trunk line western section scale 50.0 m3/s, 37.0-29.0 m3/s in the middle section, the east section 22.0-4.8 m3/s. This phase of the project is scheduled to start in 2002, the construction period of five years, completed in 2007, the main project static total investment of 17.7 billion yuan.
The second phase of the project: expansion on the basis of the first phase of the project, continue to extend the water transmission line to the north, send water to the southeastern part of Hebei and Tianjin City. The scale of the project is to expand the pumping river to 600 m3 / s, into the lower South Lake 270 m3 / s, into the upper lake 220 m3 / s, into the Liangji Canal 200 m3 / s, into the Dongping Lake 170 m3 / s, over the Yellow River 100 m3 / s, sent to the Jiaodong area is still 50 m3 / s. This phase of the project and the first phase of the project is implemented in succession, the duration of 3 years, started in early 2008, 2010, the main project static total investment of 100 million yuan. Completed, the main project static total investment of 12.4 billion yuan.
The third phase of the project: on the basis of the second phase of the project, continue to expand the scale of pumping and transmission of water to increase the water supply of the provinces and cities along the route. Expand the pumping river to 800 m3 / s, into the lower South Lake 425 m3 / s, into the upper lake 375 m3 / s, into the LiangJi Canal 350 m3 / s, into the DongPing Lake 325 m3 / s, across the Yellow River 200 m3 / s, sent to JiaoDong area of 90 m3 / s. JiaoDong water transmission trunk line of the DongPing Lake head of the canal design flow of 90.0 m3 / s, of which the JiaoDong water transmission trunk canal western section of the transmission flow of water for 90.0 ~ 70.0 m3 / s, 51.0 ~ 40.0 m3 / s, the eastern section of the project in the basic to maintain the original scale of the northern line of water transmission (pipeline section of the appropriate expansion of the project scale) on the basis of the construction of additional southern pipeline water transmission project, the scale of its transmission of 2.26 m3 / s. The current phase of the project is planned to be completed by 2030, the main project static total investment of 12.5 billion yuan.
2.3 Scope of water supply, water supply targets and water supply
2.3.1 Scope of water supply South-North Water Diversion East Shandong water supply area scope involves Jinan, Qingdao, Zibo, Zaozhuang, Dongying, Yantai, Weifang, Jining, Tai'an, Weihai, Dezhou, Liaocheng, Binzhou, Heze **** 14 cities, 107 counties, municipalities, districts (which includes 39 districts, 28 county-level municipal district and 40 county urban areas), the water supply area of 113,000km2, accounting for 73.7% of the total land area of the province, the water supply area of the province's GDP accounted for 80.8%.
2.3.2 Water Supply Objectives The near-term water supply objectives of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project are to supply water mainly to cities, taking into account the agricultural and ecological water supply, prioritizing to meet the water needs of prefecture-level cities and above, and focusing on the more economically developed county-level cities and county urban areas where water shortage is more serious. Through the use of Yangtze River water in the city, gradually return the agricultural water and ecological water used in the city, and effectively control the over-exploitation of groundwater and protect water resources, establish a water-saving anti-pollution cities, basically curbing the deterioration of the ecological environment caused by water shortages, easing the contradiction between urban and rural water use, and realizing the sustainable development of the society and the economy.
2.3.3 Water Supply After a comprehensive analysis and demonstration, the average amount of water needed to be transferred to the river in the water supply area of South-to-North Water Diversion of Shandong Province for many years in 2010 and 2030 will be 1,412 million m3 and 3,454 million m3 (the cumulative amount of water in the water distribution ports of each city of the water transmission trunk line) respectively. Among them, 837 million m3 and 2.329 billion m3 in Jiaodong water supply area; 380 million m3 and 614 million m3 in Lubei water supply area; 195 million m3 and 511 million m3 in Lunan water supply area.
3 The status and role of the project of south-to-north water diversion in Shandong Province's economic and social development
3.1 The project of south-to-north water diversion is an important guarantee for the realization of the Shandong Province's economic sustainable development strategy
3.1 South-to-north water diversion project is an important guarantee for the realization of Shandong's economic development strategy.
Shandong Province is a resource-based water shortage of economic provinces, per capita water resources possession is only 344 m3, far below the internationally recognized per capita possession of 1,000 m3 necessary to maintain the sustainable socio-economic development of a region's critical value, belonging to the per capita possession of less than 500 m3 of the water resources crisis area. From the Qingdao water supply crisis in the early 1980s to the late 1990s to Yantai, Weihai as the representative of the province's water supply crisis and this year's drought in northwestern Shandong, southwestern Shandong, Shandong and other places can be seen, water has become a constraint on the sustainable socio-economic development of Shandong Province is an important factor. South-to-North Water Diversion East Project implementation, accounting for 73.7% of the province's land area of the water supply area in 2010, 2030, respectively, can be adjusted to lead the Yangtze River water 1.412 billion m3 and 3.454 billion m3, can greatly alleviate the serious shortage of water resources water shortage. Therefore, the construction of the East Route Project is the implementation of Shandong Province's sustainable economic development strategy, to promote its sustained and stable socio-economic development, to promote the transformation of Shandong Province from a large economic province to a strong economic province, is the construction of the 21st century, "big and strong, rich and beautiful" of Shandong's important guarantee.
3.2 South-to-North Water Diversion Project is an important infrastructure to realize the optimal allocation of water resources in Shandong Province
South-to-North Water Diversion Project enters Shandong Province from Hanzhuang Canal, Hanzhuang Canal, Nansihu, Liangji-Canal, Liuchang River, Dongping Lake, through the Yellow Hub Project, the Little Canal, the Seven First River, Sixty-five River water to the north of Shandong Province, Dezhou, to form the north-south water transmission trunk line.
From Dongping Lake, the first gate to the east of the Economic Flat Canal, the Xiaoqing River and its floodway and the Huanghuang-Jiqing project connected to the diversion of water in the diversion of Huanghuang-Jiqing River 160 + 240 at the new Songzhuang diversion gates along the Yen-Wei-Highway to create a new water transmission line to Yantai City, Yantai City, Gate House Reservoir and Weihai City Mishan Reservoir; the long-term project by the newly built Pavilion Lan Reservoir eastward to the water supply to the city of Rongcheng, Wan Tou Reservoir, forming the east-west water pipeline in Shandong Province. East-West Water Transmission Trunk Line.
The planned Yishu River Water Resources Utilization Project will divert water from the Daguanzhuang lock of the Shu River to the Nansihu via the Liudaokou lock of the Yi River, forming another east-west water transmission trunk line, which can transfer the richer water resources of the Yishu River in Shandong Province to the Nansihu, and then transfer them to the areas where they are in shortage of water through the South-to-North Water Diversion Transmission Route.
Thus, the north-south water transmission trunk line of Shandong section of the South-to-North Water Diversion, the east-west water transmission trunk line and the Yishu River Water Resources Utilization Project will form a "T"-shaped water transmission artery in Shandong province, connecting the province's municipalities and cross-municipal water transmission, storage and distribution projects to form a huge water supply network, which can basically realize the four major water supply networks of the Huaihe River, the Yellow River, the Haihe River and the Jiaodong Peninsula within the territory of Shandong province, namely the Huaihe River, the Yellow River and the Haihe River. The water resources of the four major basins in Shandong Province, namely the Huaihe River, the Haihe River and the Jiaodong Peninsula, can be uniformly dispatched to achieve the goal of water supply for the north-south deployment of water resources and the east-west complementation to maximize the province's economic and social demand for water resources to meet the province's economic and social demand for the province's economic and social development in a rapid, sustained and stable manner to provide reliable water resources.
3.3 South-to-North Water Diversion Project can effectively pull Shandong Province's sustained economic growth
South-to-North Water Diversion Project is a fundamental solution to the shortage of water resources in Shandong Province mega-infrastructure, the project is completed on the province's economic, social and ecological environment will have a significant impact, and at the same time in the period of project construction, can effectively pull the province's economic growth.
South-to-north water transfer east a project in Shandong Province, the investment trunk line project for 11.003 billion yuan, Jiaodong region to divert yellow water transfer project for 2.789 billion yuan, the province's first phase of the supporting projects for 10.15 billion yuan, plus water pollution prevention and control project 10.336 billion yuan, the South-to-North Water Transfer East a project in Shandong Province, a total of 34.278 billion yuan of investment. A project started at the end of 2002 to the completion of the average annual investment of 7 billion yuan, according to the 2001 statistics each year can pull Shandong Province GDP growth rate of 0.28 percentage points.
3.4 South-to-North Water Diversion Project can create more job opportunities
Whether in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project construction period or the operation period, will help to alleviate the employment pressure in the process of modernization of Shandong Province. In the construction period, the huge investment can not only directly absorb a considerable number of labor force employment, but also with the associated development of related industries will create more jobs. According to every 5 ~ 100,000 yuan investment to create a job estimate, in the first phase of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project construction period, an annual increase of 7 ~ 140,000 jobs. In the operation period after the completion of the project, the expansion of employment opportunities will further increase, especially with the continuous improvement of water resources in the majority of receiving areas, will increase the development of new land and mineral resources, the scale of production of enterprises will also be expanded, and some new industries will be the rapid development of these can absorb a large number of labor force employment.
So, the construction of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, the province's overall situation, the project is not only to realize the Shandong Province's economic and social sustainable development strategy is an important safeguard, but also can effectively pull Shandong Province's sustained economic growth, and promote the healthy development of all sectors of society.
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