I, the new situation
China's special equipment safety supervision has a history of 57 years, after the reform and opening up into the fast lane of development. National regulatory system, improve the specialized agencies, improve the legal system, the formation of the whole process of safety monitoring work system, the implementation of a combination of safety monitoring and inspection and testing of the dual-track system. Over the years, the number of accidents in special equipment, equipment, deaths continue to decline, to promote China's rapid and sustained economic and social development has played an important role. Into the new period, special equipment safety supervision work has appeared a series of new situations, facing a new situation, mainly in:
(a) the rapid growth in the number of equipment. With China's economic and social development, especially industrialization, urbanization process accelerated, the total amount of special equipment is growing rapidly. 10 years, China's special equipment, the average growth rate of 10% or more, as of the end of 2012, the country's total amount of special equipment in use has reached 7,880,000 units, the total amount of equipment into the new century nearly quadrupled. At the same time, the use of a wider and wider range, from the city to the countryside, from industrial production to people's lives, special equipment has been covered to all geographical areas, all walks of life. The traditional regulatory model, obviously can not adapt to the requirements of the new situation, to explore the "rights and responsibilities corresponding to the multiple **** governance" of the new model of supervision has become an urgent issue.
(ii) the rapid progress of science and technology. Technological innovation to promote special equipment to large-scale, high-parameter, high-risk development, new materials, new structures, new processes emerge in an endless stream of in-service equipment, such as long-cycle use of the safety monitoring has put forward new requirements. In particular, the application of modern information technology, giving birth to innovation in the supervision of special equipment and connotation, for example, dynamic supervision based on information technology, based on the credit collection of the classification of supervision, based on the classification of risk analysis supervision, etc., will y affect the mode of safety supervision and effectiveness.
(3) safety supervision and energy-saving supervision. 2007 China's newly revised "Chinese People's *** and State Energy Conservation Law", the high energy-consuming special equipment into the scope of national supervision; 2009 the State Council's newly revised "Regulations on the Safety Supervision of Special Equipment," the energy-saving supervision of energy-consuming special equipment, this is the optimization of the government's management of resources, to promote the development of special equipment safety and energy-saving coordination of a legal law. This is a legal measure to optimize government management resources and promote the coordinated development of special equipment safety and energy saving. In view of the safety supervision is mainly embodied in the regulatory constraints, while the development of energy saving is more embodied in incentives to guide, so we need to accelerate the realization of the regulatory approach and mechanism of coordination and convergence. In this sense, the energy-saving supervision work not only gives the new functions of the safety inspection agency, but also puts forward the new requirements of the innovative regulatory model.
(D) the open economic system to accelerate the construction. In the context of globalization and marketization, efforts to cultivate new advantages in open economic development involves a number of areas. Countries around the world special equipment safety supervision model is not the same, but **** the same point is to attach importance to the fundamental role of the market in the allocation of resources, including access system, sampling system, inspection system and social supervision system. The establishment of these basic systems in China originated in the planned economy, the current stage of the orderly promotion of special equipment manufacturing licenses, personnel qualifications, standards development, inspection and testing of international standards, to create a non-discriminatory, efficient market environment, for the enhancement of core competitiveness of the industry, to safeguard the interests of the country, and promote the development of foreign trade are important. Changes in the mode of supervision of special equipment is not only the transformation of the mode of economic development requirements, but also the open economic system to cultivate the need for perfection.
Two, new thinking
Transformation of government functions is the core of administrative reform. In accordance with the direction of the reform of the socialist market economy, we must respect the laws more, change government functions, deal with the relationship between the government and the market, the government and society, in order to promote the sustainable development of special equipment safety and energy conservation.
(I) deepen the reform of the regulatory model. Reform of the regulatory model, is to promote the transformation of government functions is an important element. China's special equipment administrative approval system was established at the beginning of the reform and opening up, the implementation of more than 30 years, in promoting the quality of special equipment to enhance the safe use of special equipment has played an important role. In recent years, special equipment safety supervision departments to explore the review, approval, supervision, "three separate" administrative licensing reform, in the standardization of operation, supervision and control, improve efficiency and other aspects of the effectiveness of the obvious results, but there is also a reform is not complete, the rights and responsibilities do not correspond to the problem. In the long run, the fundamental way out is in accordance with the direction of the State Council administrative approval system reform, and gradually explore the change of the main body of the examination and approval, the specific approval of the work to intermediaries, social organizations to undertake, and the government departments are mainly to perform the formulation of rules, supervision and law enforcement, consulting services, etc., to truly realize the safety inspection of special equipment by the "regulatory" Back to the "monitoring" role. This shift has the thoroughness of the approval system reform, and international practice.
(ii) to promote the inspection reform. Special equipment inspection and testing force consists of two parts, one is subordinate to the government's inspection agency, the second is including enterprise self-test, industry inspection organizations and other social inspection force. Supervisory departments belonging to the inspection agency currently has a twofold nature: on the one hand, the government to perform regulatory functions based on the safety supervision of special equipment to provide technical support; on the other hand, the market-oriented, to provide technical services for the community to provide inspection and testing. In the full development of the market economy under the conditions of the two inspection functions should be separated, should not be confused. In view of the special equipment related to national life, public safety, governments at all levels must retain a sufficient to support the supervision of the performance of inspection and technical force, mainly responsible for supervision and inspection, risk monitoring, early warning and assessment, accident investigation and basic research, etc., such inspection agencies, governments at all levels should be given adequate financial protection and policy support to become a strong technical support for the administrative supervision department. In addition, a large number of social entrusted with the task of inspection and testing institutions, in accordance with the State Council put forward the direction of the development of high-tech service areas, service-oriented market, to break the geographical constraints, to explore the new direction of development of inspection and testing institutions (such as non-governmental organizations), the implementation of cross-regional, cross-industry joint restructuring model, at a higher level, a broader range of areas to achieve the inspection and testing institutions to bigger and stronger and intensive development, to create a "China Special Inspection". "China Special Inspection" of the world brand.
(C) the role of social organizations. In recent years, the special equipment safety supervision departments in this regard has carried out a useful exploration, through the government commissioned, purchase of services and other ways to play the role of social organizations, strengthen the guidance and management, standardize the operation of social organizations, and achieved better results. The future can be further strengthened in the following areas, seeking greater breakthroughs: First, the study of special equipment regulatory model of the top-level design, in accordance with the direction of the construction of social governance structure compatible with the market economy, and to clarify the positioning of the relevant social organizations in the institutional framework; second is to choose the entry point, according to the development of social organizations, and gradually allow them to undertake the government entrusted or transferred in an orderly manner of the management of the social work to support the examination and approval system reform, to promote the transformation of government functions system reform, and promote the transformation of government functions; third, to guide and supervise social organizations to accelerate the formation of industry self-regulation, healthy development of the operating mechanism, so that they really become an important part of social management; fourth, to promote social organizations to provide more high-quality public **** services, including policy advice, technical support, information exchanges, international cooperation, and so on, to play the role of a bridge between the government and the enterprise as it should be.
Three, the new exploration
Guangdong Province is at the forefront of reform and opening up, a high degree of market development, economic and social development is fully into the transition, deepening the reform of the administrative approval system, and further change in government functions is very urgent. Guangdong Province at the end of 2012 in the use of special equipment reached 960,000 units (sets), the total number of units and the increase in the country's forefront, the contradiction in safety supervision is very prominent. In Guangdong Province to carry out reform of special equipment safety supervision work to explore, has a strong demonstration significance. By the State Administration of Quality Supervision agreed, approved by the Guangdong Provincial Government, Guangdong Provincial Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision to choose the largest number of public concern, the highest degree of influence of the elevator equipment, as a breakthrough in the reform of special equipment safety supervision work to explore.
Guangdong elevator safety supervision mode reform direction is: resolutely change to strengthen the administrative means as the main way of traditional supervision concept, clear the boundaries between government and market, the formation of elevator safety as the core responsibility for the implementation of the main social assistance in a timely manner, all parties to monitor the operation of a strong mechanism, to create self-restraint, the survival of the fittest market environment. Specific reform program is: a clear responsibility, the implementation of two reforms, the establishment of two systems. That is, the implementation of the main responsibility of enterprises, each elevator must be clear that a "right to use the person", by which the safety of the first responsible; reform of the elevator maintenance model, to promote the main body of manufacturing enterprises maintenance system; reform of the elevator inspection model, play the role of the social inspection force; construction of the elevator safety liability insurance system, to play the role of the insurance mechanism in the Accident compensation and risk prevention in the role; build the implementation of elevator maintenance and renovation funds system, to solve the elevator maintenance and renovation funds to protect the channel.
At present, Guangdong Province has fully rolled out the reforms in Guangzhou and Dongguan cities. The two cities 70380 elevator clear use of the management of the main responsibility, "the right to use" the "first responsible for" gradually in-depth; in accordance with the State Council approved the Guangdong Provincial Administrative Approval Reform for early and pilot implementation of the views of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province, no longer implement the installation of elevators, remodeling, The provincial Housing and Construction Department has guided the localities to extract residential special maintenance funds for elevator maintenance and renewal and reconstruction to solve the problem of elevator maintenance fund shortage.
Guangdong Province, the exploration of special equipment safety supervision system reform has just begun, although the choice of one of the eight types of special equipment, and only two cities in the current pilot, but demonstrates the concept of reform, the direction of development of far-reaching significance, at least reflects the following three points: First, more prominent in the main responsibility for enterprise safety. In accordance with the "rights and responsibilities correspond to" principle, the enterprise bears the primary responsibility, but also empowers enterprises to choose the power of the inspection agency in accordance with the law. Second, more prominent role of social organizations. Relevant social parties in the competition to provide safety technology services, while accelerating the establishment of social relief and liability insurance system. Third, more prominent is the scientific positioning of government supervision. Under the conditions of market economy, the government regulatory function is mainly manifested in the formulation of rules, supervision and inspection, to create and maintain a level playing field