What is the gap between China and developed countries in science and technology?

Compared with developed countries, there are three major gaps in manufacturing technology in China. First, the manufacturing technology innovation ability is not strong. Aerospace, rail transit equipment and oil refining technology are mainly independent innovations, but the level is still far behind that of foreign countries. After the introduction of communication, household appliances, power generation equipment, ships, military aircraft, trucks and steel manufacturing, domestic enterprises developed independently and their innovation ability was significantly improved; Automobile, large-scale ethylene complete equipment, computer system software, etc. The imported technology is being digested and absorbed, and the system design and core technology have not yet been mastered; Large aircraft, special equipment for semiconductors and integrated circuits, optical fiber manufacturing equipment, large scientific instruments and large medical equipment mainly rely on the purchase of foreign products. Second, the manufacturing technology foundation is weak. The development of design technology, reliability technology, manufacturing technology, basic materials, basic mechanical parts and electronic components, basic manufacturing equipment, instruments and standards system lags behind, which restricts the development of manufacturing industry. Third, the technological innovation system of manufacturing industry has not yet formed. Most enterprises have weak technological development ability and have not yet become the main body of technological innovation. Lack of capable and relatively stable forces to engage in industrial technology research and development; The intermediary service system of science and technology is not perfect and has not fully played its role. Experts said that it is urgent to enhance the technological innovation capability of China's manufacturing industry.