SOP standard operating procedures:
SOP？ The essence of is to quantify the details, in more popular terms. SOP？ It is to refine and quantify the key control points in the program. From the right? SOP？ From the above basic definitions,? SOP？ Has the following inherent characteristics:
SOP？ This is a program. ? SOP？ It is a description of a process, not a description of a result. At the same time? SOP？ It is not a system or a form, but a procedure about how to standardize the control points in the next procedure of the process.
SOP？ This is an operating procedure. Standard operating instructions. ? SOP？ It is an operational scheme, which is real and concrete, not something at the conceptual level. If we combine the standards of ISO9000 system? SOP？ It belongs to the third-level file, that is, the operational file.
SOP is a standard operating procedure. The so-called standard, here is the concept of optimization, not just written operating procedures can be called SOP, but must be the optimal operating program design that can be realized under the current conditions after continuous practice. To put it bluntly, the so-called standard is to refine, quantify and optimize the operation steps as much as possible. Under normal circumstances, the degree of refinement, quantification and optimization is large.
Everyone can understand and will not be vague.
SOP？ Not a single one, but a system, although we can define each one separately? SOP？ , but really.
From the perspective of enterprise management, SOP? It can't be single, it must be a whole and a system, which is also indispensable for enterprises.
The so-called SOP is the capitalization of the first letter of the three words of the standard operating procedure, which is the standard operating procedure.
It describes the operation steps and matters that operators should abide by in the production process in the form of documents; Is the operator's work instruction; It is the basis for inspectors to guide their work.
"Manufacturing" refers to the production of products with the same quality and specifications at the specified cost and working hours. In order to achieve the above objectives, if we change the operation of the manufacturing site at will, such as the sequence of working procedures, or the operation methods or conditions that vary from person to person, we will certainly not be able to produce products that meet the above objectives.
Therefore, it is necessary to standardize the operation process, operation method and operation conditions through regulation and implementation. This is the role of SOP.
Record the technology and experience accumulated by enterprises in standard documents to avoid the loss of technology caused by the flow of technicians; After short-term training, operators can quickly master more advanced and reasonable operation technology, and it is easy to trace the causes of defective products according to operating standards; Establish a good production image and gain the trust and satisfaction of customers; Realize the standardization of production management, systematization, standardization, visualization and simplification of production process; It is the most basic and effective management tool and technical data for enterprises.
First, what is SOP?
SOP is also called "standard operating procedure" and "standard operating procedure", which is translated into English, and the capitalization of the first letters of the three words is SOP.
Definition: describe the standard operation steps and requirements of an event in a unified format to guide and standardize daily work.
The essence of SOP is to quantify the details. In more popular terms, SOP is the key control point in the refinement and quantification program.
Characteristics of 1 and SOP
(1)SOP is a program. SOP is a description of the process, not the result. At the same time, SOP is not a system or a form, but a procedure of how to standardize control points in a procedure below a process.
(2)SOP is an operating procedure. SOP is an operable program, which is concrete and operable, not something at the conceptual level. If combined with the standard of ISO9000 system, SOP is a third-order document, that is, an operational document.
(3)SOP is a standard operating procedure. The so-called standard has the concept of optimization, that is, not all the homework programs written casually can be called SOP, but the optimized homework program design that can be realized under the current conditions must be summarized through continuous practice. To put it bluntly, the so-called standard is to refine, quantify and optimize the relevant operation steps as much as possible. The degree of refinement, quantification and optimization is that everyone can understand it under normal circumstances and there will be no ambiguity.
(4)SOP is not single, but a system. Although we can define each SOP separately, from the perspective of enterprise management, SOP can't be just a single one, it must be a whole and a system, which is also indispensable for enterprises, and this standard operating procedure must be refined and quantified.
2, the role of SOP
(1) Record the technology and experience accumulated by the enterprise in standard documents to avoid technical losses caused by the flow of technicians;
(2) To enable operators to quickly master more advanced and reasonable operation technology after short-term training;
(3) According to the operation standard, it is easy to trace the reasons of the defective products;
(4) Establish a good production image and gain the trust and satisfaction of customers.
(5) It is the concrete embodiment of implementing the core of ISO spirit (saying, writing and doing the same), and realizing the standardization, systematization, standardization, visualization and simplification of production process.
(6) It is the most basic and effective management tool and technical data for enterprises.
Second, why do enterprises do SOP?
1, in order to improve the operational efficiency of enterprises.
Because the daily work of an enterprise has two basic characteristics, one is that the personnel in many positions often change, and the other is that the basic operation flow of some daily work is relatively stable.
Different people may do things in different ways and steps because of their different personalities, different knowledge and different experiences.
Even though the ways and steps of doing things are the same, there are still some differences in the standard and degree of doing everything. So we can quantify the smile through SOP, that is, quantify and standardize the details.
At the same time, because SOP itself is the product of continuous summary, optimization, perfection and continuous improvement in practice, and has accumulated the wisdom of many people in this process, relative optimization can improve work efficiency.
By improving the efficiency of each SOP to the corresponding work, enterprises will inevitably improve the overall operational efficiency through the overall SOP system.
2. In order to improve the operation effect of the enterprise.
Because SOP is the optimization of the control point operation of each operating procedure, so that every employee can do things according to the relevant provisions of SOP, there will be no big mistakes.
Even if there are mistakes, you can quickly check through SOP to find the problems and improve them.
At the same time, with SOP, the continuity of our daily work and the accumulation of relevant knowledge are guaranteed, which virtually saves some management input costs for enterprises.
Judging from the operating effect of each enterprise, the key competitive advantage lies in the lowest cost or differentiation. For competitive enterprises with the same conditions, differentiation is often not in hardware, but in software.
Software differentiation is often not in the grand strategy, but in the specific details. The difference in details is not reflected in understanding, but in whether these details can be quantified, that is, details determine success or failure.
Therefore, in this sense, SOP plays a very good role in promoting the operation effect of enterprises.
Third, how to do SOP
(1) Do the SOP writing process first. Clarify the number, process name, preparer, completion time of the first draft, group discussion time and finalization time of SOP.
(2) Determine the execution steps of each SOP work. The writing team should have team spirit, and can ask for the support of relevant departments: special time, providing relevant materials, etc.
(3) Apply the company template to make SOP.
(4) Discuss and revise SOP. Unified understanding, so that * * * know people.
(5) The trial operation of SOP. The rationality and operability of SOP are tested through practice.
(6) Finalization, approval and implementation of 6)SOP. Establish a checklist corresponding to SOP (two-level inspection by section chief and process engineer)
(7) Update in time. When process requirements and equipment conditions change and some operation methods need to be improved, SOP should be implemented.
Fourth, do the six elements of SOP well.
1) material name and quantity
2) Fixture
3) Equipment name and parameters
4) operation steps
5) Staffing
6) Safety factors
1. material
Before production, it is necessary to confirm whether the materials needed for this station are consistent with the prepared materials, whether the quantity is correct, and whether the materials pass IQC inspection. After confirmation, it can be put into production.
Never accept defective products in the production process, never produce defective products, and never pass defective products.
2. Fixing device
Check the fixture calibration before going to work every day to confirm whether the fixture can be used normally.
Step 3 equip
Equipment operators must be trained and qualified before they can operate the machine. Before turning on the equipment, please read the instruction manual of the equipment and the setting values of various parameters of the equipment carefully.
Then operate the machine according to the instructions and ensure that the set parameter values are the same as the required parameter values.
Step 4: Work Steps
The operation steps are the key points in the SOP content, which must be concise and clear, so that people can understand it at a glance and know how to operate it at a glance.
The effect that SOP needs to achieve is that a newcomer can operate independently and the product quality is qualified, which is also the highest realm of SOP.
5. Staffing
In SOP, personnel should be determined at each station, which can avoid the team leader sending people to work every day.
In this way, employees will know what preparations to make before going online every day, and they will be more skilled in their work. If the workstation is staffed, it can save time and ensure quality.
6. Safety factors
Any operation may lead to product quality problems, so we must include operating precautions, inspection items and some personnel safety instructions in SOP.