Editor's note: Dust is an inevitable source of mess at home. In the past, people used brooms to
Editor's note: Dust is an inevitable source of mess at home. In the past, people used brooms to fight it. In modern times, with vacuum cleaners, the war between man and dust is still going on.
Save the mess with science. Do you wash it? The title takes you through the history of human struggle with dust and the magical inventions that have appeared.
The Lunar New Year is coming, and it's time for annual cleaning. Looking at the broom and vacuum cleaner in your hand, are you curious about how these cleaning tools developed into your hands?
Today, let's learn about the story between dust, broom and vacuum cleaner!
Pexels records your life, but it also hides the dust of crisis. Before learning about cleaning tools, learn about their enemies: dust.
The term "dust" is very similar to rock. It is not a single substance, but a term to describe a whole mass, because the dust you see at home generally contains many things, such as dead (human) cells, hair, fibers, dust mites, insect debris, soil, plastic particles, bacteria ... Basically, everything you can think of in life should be found in the dust.
That's because dust is inextricably linked with our whole body and life. It is like a recorder of your life. Every time you roll up dust in an activity, it will circulate indoors, reloading your life footprint, such as the fibers of newly bought furniture, the food scraps you ate today ... and as long as the house is closed enough, the dust will not go far, and a dust can record the history of a certain area for several years.
Shutterstock scientists first began to study the effects of dust on health around 1940. At that time, medical staff wanted to know whether there were possible pathogens in the operating room environment, so dust became the target. Since 1970, the research on dust has been transferred from medical institutions to families. At first, it includes substances that are obviously harmful to human body, such as lead, paint and gasoline. It was not until the last decade that other potentially harmful substances in dust began to be taken seriously. Scientists have also found various substances that may appear in dust, many of which are unrecognizable, because any tiny biological substances, such as plastics, paints and solvents, will mix with each other and even come into contact with hot flames.
Before the vacuum cleaner, man's forever good friend: broom. Although we can only rely on modern science to reveal some secrets of dust, our ancestors didn't know it. They just found it annoying and uncomfortable to have dust at home.
So before the vacuum cleaner, human beings invented the magic weapon to deal with dust thousands of years ago: broom.
Phshygiene, no matter in the two river basins, India and Egypt, every ancient civilization invented the broom without any communication. The earliest brooms were made of sorghum and gramineous plants tied into a bundle, and the Roman Empire also made its own special brooms from peach wood and plant fibers.
In the Middle Ages, the buildings were mostly stone floors covered with replaceable reeds or hay, so the broom with hard branches and similar bamboo broom became the best tool for cleaning at home (by the way, it also became the representative means of transportation for witches). When tiles, wood and carpet pavements became popular, brooms were more suitable to be made of soft materials, such as animal hair.
However, people have been looking for tools that can surpass brooms. For example, in the19th century, someone invented a broom with a rotating shaft. This broom is very similar to a drag bottle, but it is not easy to use when sweeping the floor, and it can even be said to be very troublesome. Others invented the earliest hand-propelled sweeper (or carpet sweeper), but it was not better and more efficient than broom when the mechanical technology was not mature at that time.
But without the sweeper, we wouldn't have today's protagonist: the vacuum cleaner.
The predecessor of vacuum cleaner: all kinds of magical machinery On the eve of the American Civil War, an inventor named Daniel Hess reluctantly became the first person to apply for a patent for "something similar to a vacuum cleaner". He added a tube in the middle of the chassis of the manual sweeper at that time, hoping to collect the dust swept up-in this way, there was no other power and no special design.
The invention of Hess. Vacuumcleaner.umwblogs Time is up 1869, another American inventor Ives McGaffey invented another ancient vacuum cleaner. This machine has a tube, but this time it is connected to a device that needs to be rotated by hand, similar to a bellows. So when you are sweeping the floor, you should simply turn the machine by hand to generate suction-of course, this is not a very effective invention, and no one wants to be more sour when cleaning the housework.
The invention of Michael Garfield. In fact, the ideas of the first two grandfathers are very good, but without electricity, it is impossible to generate enough stable negative pressure to create suction.
Before the vacuum cleaner, another important thing was invented at the end of 19: a blower that can blow out strong winds. The use of blower in cleaning is similar to that of leaf blower, which blows dust to a corner and collects it, but at that time, in order to drive a blower, a device as big as a carriage was needed. But in the invention story of vacuum cleaner, blower has an absolutely important position ~
Now the predecessor of household vacuum cleaner. Story Time of vacuumcleaner.umwblogs Vacuum Cleaner When you come to the streets of London in the early 20th century, you are likely to see unimaginable scenes ... A huge mechanical carriage makes noise on the road, attracting people to watch, and enters the high-class residence with a fire hose-like pipe.
The great man who invented the vacuum cleaner was Hubert Cecil Booth. He may be the most famous engineer in Britain at the beginning of the 20th century. His occupation is to design large structures, such as suspension bridges and ferris wheels. His most famous work is the landmark of the Austrian capital: the Vienna Ferris wheel, which has a history of 100 years.
Booth's masterpiece: the Vienna Ferris wheel, which has been running for a hundred years. Wikipedia and a product demonstration of a blower gave him an opportunity to invent a vacuum cleaner: "Would it be better to use suction instead of blowing?" 」
At that time, most people said it was impossible, but Booth was determined to invent a machine that could breathe in the air. By reversing the internal motor, Booth finally completed his invention, and established the British vacuum cleaner company in 190 1. A huge vacuum cleaner with a long pipe pulled by a horse appeared on the streets of London.
As you can imagine, this is not a cleaning tool for everyone, so the British vacuum cleaning company provides expensive vacuum cleaning services. Whenever you call for service, they will come to your house in a carriage with fire brigade color matching, announce to the neighbors on the street that you are going to hold a "vacuuming party" and call on everyone to watch. And the dust bag in the carriage has a glass wall, so that everyone can see how much dust there is in your house. All this sounds inexplicably huge, and at that time, the cost of such a service was equivalent to a cleaner's salary for a whole year.
Booth's old vacuum cleaner. The vacuuming motorcade of Wikipedia booth attracted a large number of upper-class people, including Buckingham Palace, Royal Mint, British Parliament, Russian Emperor Nicholas II and German Emperor William II, and even received a request to clean the British Crystal Palace, and removed 26 metric tons of dust from the building.
Although it is as big as a car, the principle of Booth vacuum cleaner is actually the same as that of the small vacuum cleaner that every household has now, and the suction is not much worse than it is now ~
And it is as eye-catching as the color scheme of the fire brigade. Wikipedia vacuum cleaners will enter the home market in a few years, come 1905. Another British inventor, Walter Griffiths, improved the vacuum cleaner, making it really portable at home, powered by pedals, and different shapes of suction nozzles-yes, a bit like a reverse blower.
The real mass production was in 1908, when American inventor James Spangler sold his portable electric vacuum cleaner design to entrepreneur William Hoover. His vacuum cleaner has a long pole with a dust bag on it, wheels, a flat suction nozzle at the bottom-the predecessor of modern household vacuum cleaner, and a fan inside the machine to collect dust. Hoover also quickly carried forward his design, and the appearance of the product also dominated the image of the vacuum cleaner for decades.
Hoover vacuum cleaner 19 19. Even so, vacuum cleaner was not a popular household cleaning tool before World War II, because although there was nothing wrong with the design of the machine itself, the power supply was limited and the price was also a problem in the early 20th century, so most families still chose the old method of 1940 to clean their homes. However, with the popularity of electricity and the decline in prices, vacuum cleaners began to occupy a place in household cleaning after World War II.
In addition, there are several interesting inventions in the evolution of vacuum cleaner, such as the design of dust-free bag and filter screen. But the most impressive thing for everyone is the most interesting automatic recovery plug of cable vacuum cleaner. Frankly speaking, this is a small but genius invention around 1990, which makes the wired vacuum cleaner as unrestricted as possible.
1956 Hoover space style vacuum cleaning and accessories set. In this way, 100 years passed and was collected in the British Science Museum. The principle of vacuum cleaner hasn't changed much, but there are many kinds, such as sweeping robot or super mini handheld vacuum cleaner. In this process, the power has increased significantly. The motor of the vacuum cleaner about 65,438+0,965,438+00 years ago was only 65,438+0,000-3,000 revolutions per minute, while the current vacuum cleaner takes off at 65,438+0,000 revolutions, but this does not mean that the suction becomes stronger, but it runs more efficiently, because it does not need high suction to suck.
Knowing the story of vacuum cleaner in this way, do you think cleaning is more intellectual? I wish you all a happy Spring Festival cleaning. You can recall this story when you use the vacuum cleaner, and then remember to clean the floor with a wet rag or mop after each use of the vacuum cleaner. This is the most correct order!