In a chemical battery, the direct conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy is the result of spontaneous chemical reactions such as oxidation and reduction within the battery, which take place on two electrodes respectively. The negative electrode active material consists of the reducing agent with negative potential and stable in the electrolyte, such as zinc, cadmium, lead and other active metals and hydrogen or hydrocarbons.
The positive active substance consists of oxidizing agents with more positive potential and stable in the electrolyte, such as manganese dioxide, lead dioxide, nickel oxide and other metal oxides, oxygen or air, halogens and their salts, oxygen-containing acids and their salts and so on. The electrolyte, on the other hand, is a material with good ionic conductivity, such as aqueous solutions of acids, bases, and salts, organic or inorganic non-aqueous solutions, molten salts, or solid electrolytes.
When the external circuit is disconnected, although there is a potential difference between the two poles (open-circuit voltage), but there is no current, the chemical energy stored in the battery is not converted into electrical energy.
When the external circuit is closed, a current flows through the external circuit under the action of the potential difference between the two electrodes. At the same time in the battery, due to the electrolyte does not exist in the free electrons, the transfer of charge must be accompanied by the two poles of the active material and electrolyte interface oxidation or reduction reaction, as well as the reactants and reaction products of the material migration.
Extended informationBatteries can be converted into chemical energy into electrical energy device. Has a positive electrode, negative electrode. With the progress of science and technology, the battery refers to a small device that can produce electrical energy. Such as solar cells.
The main performance parameters of the battery are electric potential, capacity, specific energy and resistance. The use of batteries as a source of energy, you can get a stable voltage, stable current, stable power supply for a long time, by the outside world has very little influence on the current, and the battery structure is simple, easy to carry, charging and discharging operation is simple and easy to carry, not subject to the influence of external climate and temperature, stable and reliable performance.
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