From the first application of ozone for hospital room disinfection in Paris in 1856, to 1902, Hurion passed the defense of his thesis on inhaling ozone to treat whooping cough at the Paris Medical School and became the first person to obtain a doctorate using ozone. . In 1936, French doctor P. Aubourg first advocated intrarectal ozone insufflation to treat chronic colitis. Over the past 60 years, more than a dozen ozone application cases in health care have been developed. The development of ozone in China began in 2000. Since then, ozone medicine has taken root, blossomed and bore fruit in the land of China, and has made remarkable achievements. Such achievements are inseparable from the promotion of famous experts such as Ni Jiaxiang and He Xiaofeng. Ozone can be used in the healthcare field of surgery, internal medicine, etc.
In addition, ozone is also widely used in the field of gynecological treatment. The strong oxidizing property of ozone can kill most pathogenic bacteria of gynecological diseases. In addition, ozone is composed of oxygen atoms and will not have any impact on the pH value in women's bodies. Application fields of ozone in agriculture
Ozone is a colorless and slightly smelly gas. When dissolved in water, it becomes a strong oxidant and has a strong killing effect on living cells. The ozone generator can convert oxygen in the air into ozone under the ionization of high-voltage and high-frequency electricity, and then use it in production. The author used an ozone generator to carry out a trial demonstration of using ozone to prevent and control vegetable diseases and insect pests in greenhouses around Xi'an, and achieved good results.
1. Advantages of ozone for pest control 1. Safe, efficient and low cost. Ozone can be used for multiple purposes, preventing and controlling multiple diseases and insect pests at the same time, and the cost of prevention and control is low. Compared with spraying pesticides, applying ozone is more convenient, efficient and safe. It can greatly reduce the amount of pesticides used and avoid vegetable farmers from applying highly toxic and high-residue pesticides, thus reducing the cost of pesticides. 2. No pollution. Ozone is unstable in dry air and can be quickly decomposed and reduced to oxygen. Therefore, there is no pollution or residue in the plants and fruits. It is an important way to achieve pollution-free vegetable production. 3. Improve quality and increase production. After testing, the use of ozone in greenhouse tomatoes has significantly reduced deformed fruits, increased yield by about 20%, and the fruits are large, well-colored, and taste good.
2. How to use 1. Seed treatment. Introduce ozone gas into clean water and stir continuously. After 10 minutes, an ozone solution is obtained. Pour the seeds into it and soak it for 15-20 minutes to kill viruses, bacteria and insect eggs on the surface of the seeds. 2. Greenhouse pest control ① Fumigation shed disinfection. 10 days before planting, you can use an ozone generator to centralize ozone in the greenhouse using a high-temperature stuffy greenhouse. The application time should be no less than 2 hours. ②Prevent and control seedbed diseases and insect pests. Seal the seedbed tightly first, spray for 1 minute per 10 square meters, fumigate for 10 minutes, and then ventilate for 30 minutes. ③Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests after planting facility vegetables. After the seedlings are planted and slowed down, ozone is continuously applied to each acre of greenhouse for 7-10 minutes, then airtight and fumigated for 15-20 minutes, and then ventilated for 30 minutes. For pest-free greenhouses, apply once every 5-7 days, and apply 5 times continuously. After every 2-3 times, increase the application time by 5 minutes, until it increases to 25 minutes per acre. The fumigation time also increases by 5-10 minutes every 2-3 times. Tests have proven that ozone has a good control effect on tomato gray mold, leaf mold, early blight, late blight, cucumber downy mildew, blight, etc., as well as greenhouse whitefly, leafminer, aphids and other diseases and insect pests. However, for diseases and insect pests in greenhouse soil, because the amount of ozone gas penetrating into the soil is too small and the concentration is too low, it has no effect.
3. Precautions 1. Reasonably determine the amount of application and fumigation time. The amount of ozone application and closed fumigation time should be appropriately adjusted according to different crops and their growth periods. Generally, crops in the adult stage are more adaptable to ozone than crops in the seedling stage. During production, if the amount of ozone applied is too large or the fumigation time of the greenhouse is too long, it will cause the leaves and flowers of the greenhouse vegetables to dry up, and in severe cases, it will cause the death of the plants. As the plants grow, the amount of application and fumigation time can be gradually increased to achieve the purpose of controlling diseases and insect pests without harming vegetable crops. The release should be as uniform as possible, and the air jet should not be directly facing the vegetables, but should be at least 0.8-1 meters away from the vegetable plants. Ventilation should be carried out in time after the fumigation time is reached. Generally, the ventilation time should not be less than 30 minutes.
2. Temperature and humidity control. When ozone is applied, the indoor temperature in the greenhouse should be kept within the range of 10-30°C. The prevention and control effect will be better when the air humidity is high. 3. When fumigating the shed, people and animals must be strictly prevented from entering to avoid poisoning or other adverse reactions. ?
The basic principle of ozone removal of pesticide residues
Ozone is a strong oxidant, and pesticides are organic compounds. Ozone disinfection water destroys the chemical bonds of organic pesticides through strong oxidation, making them It loses its medicinal properties and simultaneously kills various bacteria and viruses on the surface to achieve the purpose of detoxification.
The canteen fruit and vegetable tableware sterilizer is a special equipment for canteens developed by taking advantage of the characteristics and performance of ozone. This equipment can quickly sterilize, disinfect and deodorize and produce high-concentration ozone water in a short time, ensuring Canteen food is safe to eat. This type of equipment is generally implemented using ozone germicidal lamps or ozone machines.
1. It can effectively degrade pesticide residues in rice, vegetables, melons and fruits and extend the shelf life.
2. It is used for tableware disinfection, air disinfection, freezer and storage room disinfection, removes odors, and prevents mildew. It can effectively kill bacteria and viruses and prevent the spread of diseases.
Ozone is an allotrope of oxygen and is a strong oxidant; its effect of reducing pesticides and removing bacteria is 1.5 times that of chlorine, and its sterilization speed is 600-3000 times faster than chlorine. Ozone naturally decays into oxygen at room temperature, with a decay period of 15 to 25 minutes. Ozone is quickly converted into "ecological oxygen" in water, and there is no residual problem. Ozone is an efficient and fast pesticide removal and bactericide. It can quickly dissolve pesticide residues in a short time and eliminate bacteria and viruses quickly.
Ozone not only has the functions of disinfection, sterilization, deodorization, decolorization, etc., but also changes the respiratory state of plants, activates plant cells, detoxifies, differentiates organic impure substances, and many other benefits to humans and the environment." Forward” effect. Ozone can effectively reduce and destroy pesticides, chemical fertilizers, biohormone residues and various germs and pathogenic bacteria in food through water media, reducing the harm of pollution to humans.
1) Soaking vegetables and fruits in the odorous water generated by the ozone machine can kill bacteria and viruses from the outside to the inside, degrade chemical fertilizers and pesticide residues, and activate plant cells, allowing you to enjoy natural taste and Nutritious fruits and vegetables are more reliable to eat. More than 95% of pesticide residues can be removed, nutrients are not lost, and they stay fresh for a long time.
2) Soaking broilers, raw meat, frozen fish, and frozen shrimps with ozone water generated by the ozone machine can kill harmful bacteria carried during slaughtering and transportation, and degrade biohormones and antibiotics absorbed during the feeding process. , hormones and other harmful substances to the human body, and can also remove the fishy smell, allowing you to eat chicken, fish, meat, and eggs with confidence and a more delicious taste.
3) The ozone water generated by the ozone machine can bleach the dirt on the surface of the clothes and the color of the dye, and can sterilize and decompose impurities, reducing water pollution, and there will be no chemical detergent residues that can irritate the skin. , and has the effect of preventing skin diseases and athlete's foot.
4) Rinse the rice with water, which can degrade pesticide and fertilizer residues, and then use the purified water to cook. The cooked rice is delicious and nutritious. (Do not use aluminum containers)
Since ozone will eventually be reduced to oxygen and water without leaving any residual substances, it will not cause any pollution to the environment.
5 (Ozone, with its strong oxidation, bactericidal, easy decomposition and no residue characteristics, has broad application prospects in the removal of pesticide residues, sterilization, antisepsis and preservation.
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Air cleanliness level requirements for sterile pharmaceutical production environments: In order to meet the above requirements, what kind of purification and sterilization process should we choose? There are currently four sterilization methods, among which ozone sterilization is one of them. Important method. But no matter what kind of disinfection method is used, the above requirements must be met, and ozone sterilization is no exception. As a disinfection method that replaces traditional disinfection methods, people have stricter requirements for it and it is easier to implement. , otherwise, it will be difficult to gain a foothold. The main advantages of ozone in the catering industry
The disinfection method of ozone in the catering industry is flexible, low-cost, effective and has no side effects.
1. Ozone disinfection method: 1. Use ozone water for cleaning and soaking; 2. Use ozone for disinfection
2. Advantages of ozone disinfection
1. Not only It can sterilize tableware, and has the ability to sterilize catering venues and kitchen equipment that other disinfection equipment and methods do not have. It can degrade pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables and harmful hormones contained in meat products to avoid the occurrence of food poisoning.
(1) Ozone can directly disinfect kitchens, dining rooms, kitchen utensils, refrigerators, vegetable racks, breeding areas, and storage rooms, and it can also be cleaned and disinfected with ozone water;
( 2) Ozone or ozone water can be used to sterilize tableware that cannot withstand high temperatures, such as plastics, colored porcelain products, etc.
(3) Ozone water washing of vegetables can degrade residual pesticides in fruits and vegetables and harmful hormones in meat products.
2. Ozone disinfection requires a short time and is simple to operate. There is no need to wash after disinfection. If you want to disinfect 100 pieces of tableware (for 8-10 people to eat):
(1 ) The routine procedure takes about 140 minutes, and the process is as follows:
Decontamination (15 minutes) Detoxification and soaking (90 minutes) Cleaning (15 minutes) Disinfection cabinet (20 minutes) Use
(2) If ozone is used for disinfection, it usually only takes 38 minutes. The process is as follows:
Decontamination (15 minutes) Cleaning (15 minutes) Disinfection and soaking (8 minutes) Use
(3) If ozone water is used for disinfection, it only takes 30 minutes. The process is as follows:
Decontamination (15 minutes) Cleaning, disinfection and soaking (15 minutes) Use
3. Ozone disinfection has no harmful residues and no secondary pollution.
Ozone decomposes into oxygen by itself after disinfection. It has no peculiar smell, no pollution, and the disinfection is comprehensive and effective.
4. Ozone disinfection has low cost.
Ozone disinfection mainly uses air as raw material, and the power consumption is much lower than that of disinfection cabinets. Tableware can be used directly after ozone disinfection without drying.
The principle of ozone disinfection can be considered as an oxidation reaction.
(1) The mechanism of ozone inactivation of bacteria:
The inactivation reaction of ozone on bacteria always proceeds very quickly. What is different from other bactericides is that ozone can react with the double bonds of bacterial cell wall lipids, penetrate into the interior of the bacteria, act on proteins and lipopolysaccharides, change the permeability of cells, and cause bacterial death. Ozone also acts on nuclear substances in cells, such as purines and pyrimidines in nucleic acids, damaging DNA.
(2) The mechanism of ozone inactivation of viruses:
The effect of ozone on viruses is first to damage the four polypeptide chains of the virus’s capsid protein, especially the RNA. is the protein from which it is formed. After the phage is oxidized by ozone, electron microscopy observation shows that its epidermis is broken into many fragments, from which a lot of ribonucleic acid is released, interfering with its adsorption to the host. The thoroughness of ozone sterilization is beyond doubt. ① After the lamp is turned on, the indoor dirty air gradually becomes cleaner due to the action of ozone and ultraviolet rays. Therefore, the lamp continuously supplies a source of fresh air. Free bacteria in the air are also killed when ozone is decomposed, which can prevent colds and other diseases. Airborne infectious diseases, preventing the spread of hepatitis and tuberculosis. It is suitable for disinfection and sterilization in public places, vehicle compartments, central air-conditioning, etc.
② Anti-odor and mildew-proof. Lighting this lamp in public places and bathrooms can not only prevent odor, but also kill flies, mosquitoes and other larvae. Prevents items from getting moldy in dark, damp rooms.
③ Application in hospital operating rooms and sterile rooms.
④ In addition to sterilization and disinfection, food hygiene can delay food deterioration.
⑤ Water disinfection. It can kill bacteria in the water, does not produce permanent residual substances, does not produce carcinogens, and the water has no peculiar smell. After the ultraviolet ozone germicidal lamp is lit, special attention must be paid to protecting people's eyes and it is not suitable to irradiate the human body.
In addition, some items are not suitable for disinfection and sterilization with ultraviolet ozone germicidal lamps. Therefore, you can use ozone-free ultraviolet germicidal lamps, which use titanium-doped quartz glass. When the lamp is lit, it can filter out the light of the 185nm wavelength that generates ozone, so that the lamp does not Generates or produces very little ozone. Low concentrations of ozone can disinfect. In general, the ozone concentration in forest areas can reach 0.1ppm, but excessive ozone is an invisible killer!
In the summer, surface ozone will form and accumulate due to the influence of industrial and vehicle exhaust gases, especially around large cities and in agricultural and forestry areas. Surface ozone has corrosive and damaging effects on the human body, especially the eyes and respiratory tract. Surface ozone can also be harmful to crops or forests.
▲Ozone can irritate mucus membranes and is toxic to the human body. It is unsafe to breathe in air containing 0.1ppm ozone for a long time.
▲ It strongly stimulates the human respiratory tract, causing sore throat, chest tightness and cough, bronchitis and emphysema;
▲ Ozone can cause neurotoxicity, dizziness, headache, Decreased vision, memory loss, shortness of breath, fatigue, nose bleeding;
▲ Ozone will damage the vitamin E in human skin, causing wrinkles and dark spots on the skin;
▲ Ozone can also destroy the human body’s immune function, induce chromosomal lesions in lymphocytes, accelerate aging, and cause pregnant women to give birth to deformed babies;
Therefore, the harm caused by ozone and organic waste gas must be caused by people’s attention. attach great importance to it. Ultraviolet rays affect human health in many ways. The human body can develop sun spots, eye diseases, changes in the immune system, photoreactive reactions, and skin diseases (including skin cancer). Skin cancer is a stubborn disease, and increased exposure to UV rays increases the risk of developing the disease. UV photons have enough energy to break double bonds. Mid- and short-wave ultraviolet rays penetrate deep into the skin, causing inflammation in the skin and damaging the body's genetic material DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), causing normally growing cells to transform into cancer cells and continue to grow into full-blown skin cancer. It is also said that sunlight penetrates into the surface layer of the skin. Ultraviolet radiation bombards the basic units of DNA in the nuclei of skin cells, causing many units to dissolve into useless fragments. The repair process of these defects may become abnormal, leading to cancer. Epidemiology has confirmed that the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer is closely related to sun exposure. People with all skin types are at risk for non-melanoma skin cancer, but the incidence is higher in people with light skin. Animal experiments have found that among ultraviolet rays, the ultraviolet B wavelength region is the wavelength region with the strongest carcinogenic effect.
It is estimated that if the total ozone amount decreases by 1 (i.e., ultraviolet B is enhanced by 2), the basic cell cancer rate will increase by approximately 4. Studies have found that ultraviolet B can cause changes in immune system function. Some experimental results show that infectious skin diseases may also be related to the enhancement of ultraviolet B caused by the reduction of ozone. It is estimated that if the total ozone amount decreases by 1, the incidence of skin cancer will increase by 5-7, and the number of cataract patients will increase by 0.2-0.6. Since 1983, the incidence of skin cancer in Canada has increased by 235%. In 1991, there were as many as 47,000 skin disease patients. The head of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency said that 200,000 more people in the United States will die from skin cancer in the next 50 years than previously expected. Australians like to sunbathe and get a tan. Although scientists have repeatedly warned that too much sun exposure can cause skin cancer, they are still happy to have dark skin. As a result, Australians didn't wake up until skin cancer rates were twice as high as elsewhere in the world. People suffering from skin cancer account for 1/3 of the total number of cancer patients worldwide.
The United Nations Environment Program has warned that if the earth's ozone layer continues to decrease and thin at this rate, the proportion of skin cancers worldwide will increase by 26 to 300,000 by the year 2000. If the ozone layer decreases by another 10% at the beginning of the next century, the number of people suffering from cataracts worldwide every year may reach 1.6 million to 1.75 million.
Exposure to ultraviolet rays may also induce measles, chickenpox, malaria, rash, fungal diseases, tuberculosis, leprosy, and lymphoma.
The increase in ultraviolet rays will also cause massive death of marine plankton, shrimp, crab larvae, and shellfish, causing the extinction of certain organisms. Ultraviolet radiation will also cause groups of rabbits to suffer from myopia, and thousands of sheep will go blind. According to experiments in the African coast, it is speculated that under enhanced ultraviolet B irradiation, the photosynthesis of plankton is weakened by about 5. Enhanced ultraviolet B can also cause changes in freshwater ecosystems by destroying microorganisms in the water, thereby weakening the self-purification effect of water bodies. Enhanced UVB can also kill juvenile fish, shrimp and crabs. If the original plankton in the Antarctic ocean declines extremely, marine life as a whole will change greatly. However, some plankton are sensitive to UV rays, while others are not. The degree of damage to the DNA of different organisms by ultraviolet rays varies 100 times.
Severely hinders the normal growth of various crops and trees. Some plants, such as peanuts and wheat, have good resistance to ultraviolet B, while other plants, such as lettuce, tomatoes, soybeans and cotton, are very resistant to ultraviolet B. Sensitive. Tremora of the Center for Agricultural Biotechnology at the University of Maryland conducted an observation experiment on six soybean varieties using a solar lamp. The results showed that three of the soybean varieties were extremely sensitive to ultraviolet radiation. Specifically, the photosynthesis intensity of soybean leaves decreases, resulting in reduced yield, and at the same time, the protein and oil content of soybean seeds decreases. The ozone layer in the atmosphere will be lost by 1, and soybean production will also be reduced by 1.
Trenmola also spent four years observing the effects of high doses of ultraviolet radiation on tree growth. The results showed that wood accumulation was significantly reduced and their root growth was stunted.
Adverse disruptive effects on the global climate. The large reduction in ozone in the upper stratosphere and the associated increase in the amount of ozone in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere may have adverse disruptive effects on the global climate. Longitudinal redistribution of ozone may warm the low-altitude atmosphere and exacerbate the greenhouse effect caused by increased amounts of carbon dioxide.
Photochemical air pollution Excessive ultraviolet rays make polymer materials such as plastics prone to aging and decomposition, resulting in new pollution - photochemical air pollution.
Ozone molecular structure: There is a π bond with 3 centers and 4 electrons in the center. The 4 electrons are used by 3 oxygen atoms. The other two black lines are normal valent bonds. Ozone molecules It's asymmetrical so it's polar.
But please note: Although ozone and carbon dioxide have similar electronic formulas, they have different molecular structures. Ozone has a zigzag shape and carbon dioxide has a straight shape. The explanation for this requires the use of university knowledge of inorganic chemistry.
NASA scientists discovered that the huge ozone hole over Antarctica changed significantly in September, from the original spiral shape to an "amoeba" with two large heads and a small middle. shape.
Although the area of ??the ozone hole seems to be shrinking in the past two years, scientists warn that it is too early to conclude that the ozone layer is "repairing and restoring". NASA's ozone expert Paul Newman said that the rising temperature of the atmosphere has caused the hole to shrink. In 2000, the area of ??the ozone hole in Antarctica once reached 28 million square kilometers, equivalent to the area of ??three continents of the United States; in early September 2002, scientists from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration estimated that the hole had shrunk to 20.54 million square kilometers.
An Australian ozone research team has reported good news to the world: due to the effective implementation of environmental protection measures over the years, the ozone hole over Antarctica is shrinking, and it is expected that by 2050, this "notorious" The huge hole can be completely "filled".
According to reports, the ozone hole over Antarctica has been one of the problems that has troubled environmentalists around the world. At its most severe, the ozone hole was once as large as three Australia. Scientists have found that the culprit of "eating" ozone turns out to be chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere - an organic compound containing three elements: chlorine, fluorine, and carbon (commonly known as "Freon").
In order to prevent the further exacerbation of the ozone hole and protect the ecological environment and human health, countries formulated the Montreal Protocol in 1990, which set strict limits on the emission of chlorofluorocarbons. Now, the unremitting efforts of environmental groups over the years have finally paid off: Ozone is back! Paul Fleisher, an atmospheric research expert at Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), said excitedly: "This is big news. We have been looking forward to this day for a long time!" He said that although the impact on the progress of the ozone hole shrinking There are many factors, such as the greenhouse effect, climate change, etc., "But after taking various factors into consideration, we have come to this conclusion: the ozone hole over Antarctica will completely disappear in less than 50 years."
It is reported that since the 1950s, with the widespread popularity of refrigerators and air conditioners (the main production source of chlorofluorocarbons), the content of chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere has increased year by year, reaching a peak in 2000. Later, due to the birth of new fluorine-free refrigerators, the content of chlorofluorocarbons began to decrease significantly. Playing a role in protecting humans and other living things, ozone is formed by the combination of oxygen atoms and oxygen molecules partially decomposed by oxygen molecules under the action of solar ultraviolet radiation and lightning. In 1913, French physicist Fabry discovered that due to the lack of oxygen atoms in the lower atmosphere (below an altitude of 20 kilometers), there are fewer opportunities to generate ozone; at an altitude of 20 to 27 kilometers, due to enhanced solar radiation, oxygen molecules Decomposition occurs under the action of ultraviolet radiation, which increases the number of oxygen atoms, resulting in an increased chance of oxygen atoms and oxygen molecules combining to form ozone, causing this layer to form the maximum ozone content, that is, the ozone layer.
The ozone layer can absorb most short-wavelength rays (such as absorbing ultraviolet rays with wavelengths shorter than 0.29 microns), which increases the temperature of the atmosphere and protects organisms on the earth from excessive ultraviolet rays, so it is called As "the protective umbrella of all living things on earth". However, chlorine and fluoride cause ozone to decompose into oxygen, destroying the ozone protective layer and becoming one of the important environmental issues of human concern.