First, the connotation of dumping transportation
Drop and Pull Transportation (Drop and Pull Transport) refers to a motor vehicle with power (the main vehicle) continuously towing more than two load-bearing devices (including semi-trailers, full trailers and even train chassis on the box), will be dumped in the trailer at the destination, and then towed to the other loaded devices to return to the original location or drive to a new location to improve the turnover rate of vehicle transportation and facilitate the owner of the goods to load the mode of transport. Other loaded cargo device to return to the original location, or drive to a new location, in order to improve the turnover rate of vehicle transportation and the convenience of the owner of the goods loaded mode of transportation. Dumping transportation has a broad and narrow sense, broadly speaking, a variety of transportation modes can be replaced trailer can be called dumping transportation. Narrowly speaking, dumping transportation is a tractor trailer with goods to the destination, the trailer will be replaced, replaced by a new trailer to another destination ` place of transportation. In dumping transportation, the tractor and trailer belong to two different types of vehicles, all have their own driving license and operating license, can realize the same tractor on the replacement of different trailers.
Second, the advantages of dumping transportation
With the rapid development of the economy, the limitations of traditional trucking is increasingly exposed, mainly in the following: long waiting time for the vehicle, loading, unloading will be half a day; low rate of real load, the average cost of transportation is high. The use of single-vehicle transportation, the actual load rate is generally more in 70% -75% or so. After the use of dumping transportation, the basic can reach more than 90%. Single-vehicle transport loading and unloading times, labor intensity, cargo loss and cargo difference is high; average fuel consumption, the number of drivers to configure a large number of labor management costs, logistics costs are high. It is under these drawbacks, dumping transportation came into being. At present, dumping transportation in the country to carry out more ways are: a line of two points, both ends of the dumping, some are at one end of the dumping, some are at both ends of the dumping, simple and easy to implement. There is also a cycle of dumping, three points, four points, five points of cyclic implementation. Specifically, dumping transportation has the following advantages:
1, dumping transportation can reduce the number of tractor trailers, reduce investment costs. First, the tractor trailer engaged in dumping transportation, generally equipped with three or so trailers to improve transport efficiency, transportation companies will reduce the demand for tractor trailers. The selling price of trailers is much cheaper than that of tractor-trailers. Under the same conditions, dumping transportation can reduce the number of tractor-trailer, reduce the company's acquisition, maintenance, management of tractor-trailer cost investment. Secondly, dumping transportation requires the tractor and trailer to be configured according to the ratio of 1:3, which can reduce the number of drivers and personnel expenses. Driver's expense is a big expense to keep the car. Dumping transportation reduces the number of tractor-trailers, which can also correspondingly reduce the number of drivers, thus reducing the expenditure on personnel.
2, dumping transportation can reduce logistics costs, improve transportation efficiency. First, because most of the dumping transportation using fully sealed vans or container trucks, so the security has been greatly guaranteed. At the same time, dumping transportation using automated auxiliary equipment loading and unloading of goods, cargo damage rate is very low. Secondly, the time benefit created by dumping transportation makes it possible for the materials to arrive as they are ordered, and the manufacturing enterprises basically do not have the problem of material backlog, which effectively enhances the mobility of the goods and creates the conditions for realizing zero inventory and saves the cost of storage of the goods. Third, the dumping transportation makes the tractor and trailer can be freely separated, reducing the waiting time for cargo loading and unloading, accelerating the turnover of the tractor, there is no "empty" situation, can save unnecessary fuel consumption, reduce costs, and improve the production efficiency of the tractor; Fourth, the trailer's unique compartments and axles, making the carrying capacity and volume is obviously much larger than the body of the wagon, and the trailer can be used to transport cargo. Much larger than the body of the truck compartment, long-distance freight transportation benefits are obvious. Reduce loading and unloading waiting time, accelerate tractor turnover, improve tractor utilization, accelerate cargo transit, alleviate inventory pressure, single-vehicle completion of cargo turnover can be increased by 30% -60%. Fifth, it can promote the development of automobile transport and railroad transport, waterway transport multimodal transport, the realization of automobile dumping transport based on the railroad pack transport, waterway roll-on/roll-off and other modes of joint transport, give full play to the technical and economic advantages of various modes of transport, reduce cargo loading and unloading operations, and improve the loading and unloading efficiency of railroad vehicles and ships.
3, improve the degree of intensification and logistics technology. On the one hand, the dumping of transport objectively need to establish a more perfect national or regional transport network, guide the cooperation between transport enterprises, and constantly meet the needs of production enterprises personalized transport services at the same time, the effective integration of logistics resources, to ensure that the supply chain to achieve the overall best. These objective requirements can effectively promote the construction and development of logistics distribution centers and cargo terminal logistics nodes to promote the steam transport industry real off the network operation, to intensification, organization, scale, network, information technology and standardization development, and constantly improve the logistics service capacity and level. On the other hand, the dumping transportation on the road freight industry as a whole has a high level of technical requirements. The need for specialized dumping operations station, to provide picking, parking, cargo handling, loading and unloading and other production process services, the need for information management systems, to provide vehicle management, vehicle monitoring and scheduling, order management, warehousing management, loading and unloading of cargo management, integrated management of the enterprise and other functions, but also the need for standardized vehicle equipment, to ensure that the different tractor and trailer can be freely combined between, so the dumping of the transport can promote the Therefore, the dumping transportation can promote the improvement of logistics technology level.
4, conducive to the realization of energy saving and emission reduction. On the one hand, dumping transportation tractor and trailer separation of technical characteristics can effectively reduce energy consumption. According to statistics, the transportation of the same weight of goods, van-type semi-trailer fuel consumption is only about half of the ordinary truck. On the other hand, the dumping transportation organization mode can reduce vehicle idling and ineffective transportation, and reduce energy consumption and exhaust emissions as a whole. According to the Ministry of Transportation and Communications calculations, the above Haihaibei Fang Logistics Company, for example, according to a tractor-trailer configuration of three trailers to calculate the operating costs will be reduced by more than 30%, of which 33% reduction in energy consumption, the company can save operating costs of about 60 million per year. If the national road freight industry can increase the proportion of dumping transport turnover to 10%, it can save fuel equivalent to 3 to 4 million tons of standard coal each year, and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 6.5 to 8.5 million tons. In addition, the U.S. study on the effectiveness of multi-axle heavy-duty trains shows that: combined multi-axle car trains can reduce wear and tear on highway surfaces by about 1/4-1/3 compared to small single trucks, and transporting the same amount of goods can reduce road traffic by up to 85%.
Expansion: Characteristics of the contract for the carriage of goods by rail
Railway transportation is the country's economic artery. It is one of the logistics modes of transportation. In comparison with other means of transportation. Let's take a look at the following characteristics.
1, the accuracy and continuity of railroad transportation. Railroad transportation is almost unaffected by the climate, and can operate regularly, regularly and accurately all year round, day and night.
2, railroad transportation speed is relatively fast. Railroad freight speed per day and night up to several hundred kilometers, the general truck up to 100km / h or so, much higher than the sea transport.
3, the transportation volume is relatively large. Railroad a cargo train can generally transport 3,000-5,000t of goods, much higher than air transportation and automobile transportation.
4, railroad transportation costs are lower. The cost of rail transportation is only a few to a dozen percent of the cost of automobile transportation; transport fuel consumption is about one twentieth of the automobile transportation.
5, railroad transportation security, risk is far smaller than sea transportation.
6, the initial investment. Railroad transportation needs to lay tracks, build bridges and tunnels, the construction of the road project is difficult and complex; need to consume a lot of steel, timber; occupy the land, its initial investment is much more than other modes of transportation.
In addition, railroad transportation by the transport, machinery, vehicles, engineering, electricity and other business sectors, to have a strong accuracy and coherence, the business sector must be coordinated, which requires the implementation of integrated arrangements in the transport command, unified leadership.