1, the characteristics of the SARS ward building
Contagious atypical pneumonia caused by coronavirus is highly contagious, the main means of transmission is the droplet proximity, while the patient's feces, secretions contaminated water, food and goods, etc. is also an important means of transmission. In the ward building design demonstration, the hospital specifically invited a number of experts in related fields, academicians for discussion, we agreed that: the ward building renovation to reflect the level of the 21st century, emphasizing people-oriented, not only to achieve comfort and warmth, conducive to the recovery of patients and physical and mental health, but also to prevent cross-infection, and at the same time to reflect the technological sophistication and security of use.
2, water supply and drainage design measures
2.1 water supply, hot water according to the functional areas of water supply
According to the distribution of the building's various medical functional areas and the need to prevent water contamination, clean and contaminated areas of living water and hot water with the use of zoned water supply. Its starting point in the connection with the external pipe network, in addition to installing the necessary maintenance valves, but also set up a pipe backflow preventer to prevent water backflow pollution. The backflow preventer consists of three parts: inlet check valve, outlet check valve and drain valve, which can effectively prevent the external network from being contaminated.
2.2 The design of the bathroom adopts the overall
The bathroom is one of the key sources of pollution in the entire ward building, in order to ensure the cleanliness of the bathroom, easy to disinfect, the design of the overall bathroom was selected. The bathroom is assembled by SMC plate, with rounded corners, no dead ends, no dirt hiding, no odor. It can be customized on site, with all pipes concealed, sitting toilet in the heavy ward and squatting toilet in the light ward. The surface of the whole bathroom is smooth, good corrosion resistance, easy to flush and disinfect, clean and hygienic.
2.3 Sanitary fittings adopt non-manual switch
In order to prevent cross infection through contact, the relevant sanitary appliances in the ward building adopt non-manual switch. Washbasin, washbasin, washing basin, urinal using infrared sensor device; shower using mixing valve, foot switch; squatting commode using foot switch. The use of infrared sensing device, and electric professional cooperation, reserved power.
2.4 Sewage and waste diversion, patients' excreta are collected and treated separately
Washing wastewater and fecal wastewater in the ward building take the diversion system, and for the excreta (feces, urine, etc.) and secretions (sputum, drainage fluid, vomit, etc.) of bedridden heavy patients, they are collected separately by using the special closed containers (special plastic bags for infectious diseases), and then incineration is carried out; and for the light patient excreta, they are disinfected and treated (by using 1500~1500 plastic bags), and then burned. Disinfection treatment (using 1500 ~ 2500mg / L effective chlorine disinfectant, the role of 30 ~ 60min), and then poured into the ward bathroom or centralized special disposal.
2.5 Drainage pipe adopts core layer foam PVC-U pipe
The SARS ward has high requirements for corrosion resistance and sound insulation performance of drainage pipe. On the current commonly used drainage pipe material, plastic pipe than the mechanism of cast iron pipe acid and alkali resistance, but its sound insulation effect is poor, it is difficult to meet the quiet environment required by the ward. In view of this, we chose the acid and alkali resistance, corrosion resistance, sound insulation effect is good PVC-U core layer foam thickening (its wall thickness DN = 100 pipe from the original 5mm to 8mm) drainage plastic pipe.
2.6 SARS ward building sewage disinfection using a combination of heating and adding disinfectant solution
(1) fecal wastewater using heating disinfection. Taking into account the SARS virus in feces, urine survival time is long, and SARS virus sensitivity to heat radiation, after coordination with the hospital, set up two heating disinfection pool (1 with a backup, alternating operation, the specific volume is determined by the calculation) on the diversion of fecal wastewater collection, disinfection. Steam is used for direct heating, which lasts for 30min at 80℃ (because the virus survives for only 20min at 80℃). After warming up the sewage, the corresponding cooling measures are used to reduce the temperature to below 40℃, and then discharged to the existing hospital secondary biochemical sewage treatment station with other sewage for re-treatment using a separate pipeline.
(2) Other wastewater is disinfected with disinfectant solution. Compared with the fecal wastewater, this part of the drainage water volume is larger, if then the use of heating disinfection is uneconomical. For this reason, in our design, in accordance with the requirements of the Ministry of Health and the State Environmental Protection Administration of the relevant documents, the use of disinfection solution disinfection method. Specifically, chlorine-containing disinfectant (effective chlorine dosage of 80mg/L, contact time ≥ 1.5h, residual chlorine greater than 6.5mg/L) is applied to the collected wastewater. The treated wastewater together with the fecal wastewater that has been heated and disinfected is discharged to the existing hospital wastewater treatment station using a separate pipeline to be re-treated together with other wastewater.
3, fire design measures
(1) fire protection system and water supply system separately. The fire-fighting system is connected with the external network in the outdoor area, and a backflow preventer is set up to prevent the fire-fighting system from contaminating the water source of the external network.
(2) The design of the fire fighting system emphasizes on self-rescue and combines with external fire fighting, the system is set up with indoor fire hydrant according to the specification, meanwhile, the fire reel is added, the configuration of the building fire extinguisher is strengthened, and part of the outdoor fire hydrant is encrypted.
4, rinse disinfection measures
The SARS ward should be frequently rinsed and disinfected, ward air, surface disinfection is usually used mainly by ultraviolet light, ozone and disinfectants. Disinfection methods are wiping, soaking and spraying, labor-intensive and time-consuming. In order to reduce labor intensity and realize that modern hospitals should have modern equipment, this project sets up an automated disinfection system in the ward building. The system is controlled by PLC automatic microcomputer; in the hallway, ward installation of fixed pipeline (similar to water spray fire extinguishing system); spray nozzle using low-capacity spray head, sprayed into a mist; microcomputer console located at the nurses' station, can be manually also can be automatic. When operating manually, the nurse on duty can choose the room or aisle to be disinfected according to the need and start the switch to complete the disinfection work. When operated automatically, manually set the time and the room, the equipment starts to close the nozzle at regular intervals. The pipeline of the system requires high pressure (2 to 2.5MPa), the nozzle is a needle-type nozzle, and the high-pressure liquid can form an atomized state only when it passes through the tiny nozzle. In order to prevent clogging of the nozzle, the disinfectant liquid should be filtered through the secondary filter before pressurization. Due to the high pressure of the system pipeline, in order to prevent the system from overpressure, a bypass pressure relief valve is set up, which can make the disinfectant liquid flow back to the solution tank when overpressure occurs.
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