Medical imaging technology thesis

Keywords: medical imaging; status quo; future; review

Classification number R473 Document identification code A Article number 1672-3783(2012)04-0140-01

With the rapid development of medical imaging, it has been increasing its status in the clinical medicine by X-ray, ultrasound, radionuclide imaging, CT, digital subtraction angiography and interventional devices. By X-ray, ultrasound, radionuclide imaging, CT, digital subtraction angiography and interventional devices, magnetic *** vibration imaging composed of medical imaging family has become the main clinical diagnostic and differential diagnostic methods, hospitals are now an important symbol of scientific research and the main means of hospitals and an important source of economic income. The development and prospects of medical imaging are summarized below.

1 historical review of the development of medical imaging technology

November 8, 1895, the German physicist Roentgen discovered a new type of ray (a kind of new rays). And on November 22nd, he took an x-ray picture of his wife's hand, which was also the first human x-ray image. Subsequently, x-rays have been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, forming the diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy. x-rays are also used for disease prevention, rehabilitation and prognosis follow-up. Outside of medicine, x-rays are also used for a variety of purposes, such as x-ray diffraction analysis and industrial flaw detection. Therefore, the discovery of x-rays has made a significant contribution to mankind. 1971 Heinz Field invented CT, which transformed the traditional direct imaging of x-rays into indirect imaging, thus laying the foundation of the present imaging, followed by MRI, positron emission tomography and other imaging techniques, as well as the recent emergence of molecular imaging and photographic imaging, so that medical imaging, in addition to displaying the morphology of the state, can also be used for the functional examination of tissues and organs, and ultimately, to complete the examination of tissue and organ function. complete the functional examination of tissues and organs, and ultimately show the chemical composition and metabolic changes of tissues and organs at the molecular and cellular levels.

2 Current status of medical imaging

The application of x-ray fluoroscopy, which has been used for a long time in China, has been decreasing year by year, and large hospitals or small and medium-sized hospitals in developed areas have gradually canceled fluoroscopy and replaced it with x-ray photographic examinations, with DR examinations taking the lead. Traditional X-ray imaging is replaced by multi-row spiral CT and magnetic **** vibration imaging Firstly, X-ray spinal cord imaging is replaced by MRI; secondly, multi-row spiral CT and MRI combined with optical endoscopy are gradually replacing X-ray gastrointestinal imaging, transvenous pyelography and cholangiography; and then the diagnostic angiography of DSA is gradually replaced by CT angiography and MR angiography. Along with the gradual popularization of equipment, CT has become the most important clinical (especially emergency) imaging method. MRI has the significant advantages of non-invasive, non-radiation radiation, multiple imaging parameters, large amount of information obtained, and optimal soft tissue contrast, etc. It is the most active means of imaging research, and has already become a confirmatory diagnostic method for many important diseases. Ultrasound has become the most important imaging screening technique in clinical application because of the popularity of its equipment, low price, non-invasive, non-radiation, can be performed next to the bed, and easy to review. Starting with CT in the early years, CT, MRI and other devices began to provide cross-sectional images. At the same time, thanks to advances in computer technology, it is now possible to reorganize the above information in a relatively short period of time. Reorganization (reformation) into three-dimensional, separately displaying the structure of interest, with simulation color, and even endoscopic information mode display. Intuitive information. For example, a severely traumatized patient may have fractures, craniocerebral injuries, internal organ injuries, vascular injuries, and other complications. Today, with just a CT acquisition from head to toe in tens of seconds, the patient can be returned to the ward for acute care, and the radiologist can use the information acquired at one time to show the structures and lesions of the bones, cranial, visceral, and vascular structures, respectively, and give the acute care physician ? intuitive? three-dimensional, color-simulated diagnostic information on structures of interest. Such information has surpassed the visualization capabilities of gross anatomy, reaching a level of complete insight that is impossible even with a scalpel or scalpel.

3 Trends in Medical Imaging Technology

Various medical imaging devices are developing in the direction of miniaturization, specialization, high resolution, and ultra-fast speed, and the whole-organ perfusion imaging of MRI and CT has been popularized and applied in clinical practice. Although the design concepts and main directions of the main manufacturers of MSCT are not consistent, resulting in huge differences in each other's equipment, it can be predicted that in the near future, the structure of the CT machine (including the generator, the structure and number of X-ray bulb tubes, detector types and rows, etc.) will undergo substantial changes, and the bulb tubes and detectors may rotate at a faster speed, so that the temporal resolution of the MSCT will break through the 50 ms mark, and the heart will get a true cardiac perfusion imaging. Maybe faster rotation of the bulbs and detectors to push the time resolution of MSCT past the 50 ms mark, so that the heart can be truly frozen? Freeze? and improved detector materials will dramatically improve the spatial resolution of MSCT. Various interventional therapies have become conventional and effective treatments. The medical imaging equipment integrating diagnosis and treatment is also maturing and popularizing, which makes the diagnosis of diseases more timely and accurate, and the treatment effect is better. The application of computer simulation technology to design surgical plans, direct guidance of surgical access by image navigation systems, determine the scope of surgical resection, and the direct application of MRI to evaluate the scope of resection of the lesion during the operation will be gradually popularized and applied. On the basis of networked imaging, medical image processing will become routine, while server software replaces workstations, realizing multi-point simultaneous post-processing and further improving the automation of image post-processing. With the popularization of tele-imaging and the application of broadband network, the remote transmission of medical imaging images is faster, the images are clearer, and the imaging doctors can complete the diagnostic report at home or on a business trip.

Molecular imaging is one of the hot research directions in medical imaging. With the progress of molecular imaging research, there will be a variety of tissue- and organ-specific contrast agents, which can show specific gene expression, specific metabolic processes, and special physiological functions, with less toxic side effects, better contrast enhancement, and better diagnostic specificity, which can truly realize early diagnosis of diseases. Developing efficacy-monitoring contrast agents (or molecular probes) in order to get the feedback information of the treatment in the shortest time, and carry out targeted treatment of diseases at the molecular level. In addition to PET, other medical imaging technologies can also be used directly for drug discovery and efficacy monitoring, to observe the mechanism and effect of drug or gene therapy at an early stage and continuously in vivo for drug screening and new drug development. In addition, molecular imaging methods and image post-processing techniques will continue to improve, and new imaging technologies for molecular imaging will be developed. Advances in medical imaging technology will also lead to changes in the composition of personnel within the imaging discipline, physicists, mathematicians, biomedical engineers, computer specialists and evidence-based medicine experts account for an increasing proportion of imaging department personnel, for a major disease can be formed to include internal medicine, surgery and imaging doctors of a new type of department. Medical imaging not only plays a role in diagnosis and treatment, but also plays an increasing role in disease prevention, health checkups, screening for major diseases, health management, early diagnosis, assessment of disease severity, treatment selection, evaluation of therapeutic efficacy, and rehabilitation, etc., and the status of the medical imaging discipline is bound to continue to improve. References

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The Application of Digital Imaging in Medical Imaging

Abstract Medical imaging technology has entered the digital era from the 70s, and in the past two decades, there have been MR, B ultrasound, DR, DSA, ECT, CR and other digital imaging equipment into use. It has played a great role in advancing medical imaging diagnosis. Objectively, it has prompted various imaging technologies to compete for development by virtue of their own advantages. Taking the long and making up for the short, comprehensive utilization, so that the early diagnosis of disease rate has improved significantly.

Keywords digital image; medical imaging; application

Digital image in medicine image application

Rao Tianquan

Abstractmedicine phantom technology enters the Digital Age from the 70's, 20 for many years successively have had MR, B ultra, digitized image equipment and so on DR, DSA, ECT, R put into the use. Diagnosed the very big advancement function to the medicine image. In on is objective urges each kind of imagery technology to rely on own superiority unexpectedly to develop. Makes up for one's deficiency by learning from others' strong points, the comprehensive utilization, enable the disease the early diagnosis rate to have the distinct enhancement.

key worddigital image; Medicine image; Using

Image is a kind of impression of the objective world around us, and digital image is a new kind of imagery technology that appeared in the 60s. The digital image is a new, highly technological product that emerged in the 1960s. Its appearance has greatly challenged the traditional analog image. Digital image and analog image compared to the difference between the two are: First: analog image is an intuitive method of physical quantities to continuously express our expectations of the characteristics of another physical field. Digital images, on the other hand, express the physical image we are confronted with in terms of a regular set of digital quantities. Second: the analog image method to display the image with intuitive, convenient characteristics, once the design of an image processing method has the advantages of full-field and real-time processing and so on. But the analog image also has poor anti-interference, poor repeatability, limited processing capabilities, processing flexibility shortcomings. The digital image has a very good anti-interference, image processing convenience, adaptability and other advantages, especially with the development of computer technology, digital image processing speed has become faster and faster, more and more show its development potential and advantages. Third: digital image and analog image compared to its image more clear, no distortion, more convenient to store and transmit.

From the late 70s, medical imaging technology has entered the digital era. Over the past two decades, MR, ultrasound, DR, DSA, ECT, CR and other digital imaging equipment have been put into use. It has played a great role in advancing medical imaging diagnosis. Some of these advances are not fundamentally break the original form of information carriers and imaging principles of the bondage, to open up new paths and achieved. At the same time, this also objectively prompted a variety of imaging technology by virtue of its own advantages competing for development. Not only do they not replace each other, but also complement each other's strengths and weaknesses, comprehensive utilization, so that the early diagnosis of disease rate has significantly improved.

1 Digital X-ray image formation

X-ray transmission imaging is based on the different structures in the body of the organs of the X-ray absorption differences. When a beam of uniform energy X-ray irradiation to different parts of the body, due to the different parts of the X-ray absorption of different parts of the body, through the body of the X-ray intensity of different parts of the X-ray, the remaining X-ray penetration through the human body carries the irradiated part of the human body's tissue density and thickness of the information. This information is projected onto a detection plane, which forms an X-ray transmission image of the human body. If this detection plane is a fluorescent screen, then we have an analog image. This image is then captured using different methods (e.g., photography, video, photographic, etc.). The detector can also be other, such as an ionization chamber, a photocell, a crystal piezoelectric, and so on. Then the collected signals for analog-to-digital conversion to form a set of different numbers represent the X-ray strength of the digital signal arrangement. Finally, the group of signals to the computer processing by digital to analog conversion that becomes clear, no interference, no distortion, no distortion of the digital X-ray image.

2 digital image technology in the X-ray examination

2.1 X-ray television system: mainly by the image intensifier and X-ray closed-circuit television system, the image intensifier to convert the X-ray image into a visible light image, and the brightness of the image has been greatly enhanced, and then through the television system to observe and analyze the image, which is to achieve the digitalization of the X-ray image of the foundation.

2.2 digital photography: (DR) of the image intensifier obtained by the television signal, with a high signal-to-noise ratio picked up by the camera television signals for digitization, and then a variety of computer processing, to get different effects of the image, this technology is mostly used for gastrointestinal fluoroscopy and angiographic imaging. This kind of examination can get the image immediately after shooting. There is no need to wait for rinsing, but also dynamic observation.

2.3 Computed Photography: (CR) It is an image board (IP) instead of film exposure, and then stored on the IP board of X-ray latent image with a laser scanning picked up and converted into electrical signals, and then processed by the computer to get an X-ray digital image, and ultimately, the laser like a machine to record the X-ray image on film. This method is highly sensitive, sensitive range, clear image.

2.4 Digital Subtraction: (DSA) used for angiography, the principle is that the examination department is located before and after imaging with a video camera to capture images, and then digitize the image stored in the computer, computer processing, the two captured images corresponding pixel by pixel subtraction, subtracted image only leaves the image of the blood vessels filled, so that the overlap of the tissue interference is removed, you can clearly The vascularization can be clearly observed.

2.5 Computerized cross-section device: (CT) X-rays are irradiated in all directions on the cross-section of the human body, and the detector collects the absorption curves of the X-rays on each side of the body layer, and then processes the data obtained by the computer and finally expresses the density values of the points on the cross-section in the form of digital matrices, so that the density of the points on the cross-section is expressed in a definite numerical value. This quantification of tissue density can numerically distinguish between healthy and diseased tissue, greatly improving the scientific nature of diagnosis.

In addition; digital images are also used in MIR, ECT, ultrasound and other medical imaging disciplines, in our daily life are inseparable from the digital image.

References

[1] Wang Rongquan. Medical X-ray machine system

[2] Liang Zhensheng. Structure and maintenance of medical X-ray machine

[3] Zou Zhong. X-ray examination technology

[4] Wu, E. H.. Head CT Diagnostics

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