The urban domestic waste treatment methods widely used at home and abroad mainly include sanitary landfill, high-temperature composting and incineration. The proportion of these three main waste treatment methods depends on the geographical environment, waste composition, economic development level, etc. The factors vary.
Because the composition of urban waste is complex and is affected by factors such as the level of economic development, energy structure, natural conditions, and traditional habits, the treatment of urban waste in foreign countries generally varies according to national conditions, often within a country. Each region also adopts different processing methods, and it is difficult to have a unified model. But in the end, the treatment goals are harmlessness, resource utilization, and reduction.
From the perspective of application technology, foreign countries mainly use landfill, incineration, composting, comprehensive utilization and other methods, with a high degree of mechanization and the formation of systems and complete sets of equipment.
From the situation of various treatment methods abroad, there are the following trends:
1. Due to the increasing shortage of energy and land resources in industrially developed countries, the proportion of incineration treatment is gradually increasing;
2. Landfill has always occupied a large proportion as the final disposal method of garbage;
3. Most agricultural developing countries mainly use compost;
4. Some other new technologies, such as pyrolysis, reclamation, mountain landscaping and other technologies, are making continuous progress.
Incineration is a municipal waste treatment technology widely used in countries around the world. Large-scale waste incineration treatment systems equipped with heat energy recovery and utilization devices are gradually becoming the mainstream of incineration treatment because they comply with the requirements for energy recovery. . Foreign industrially developed countries, especially Japan and Western Europe, are generally committed to promoting the application of waste incineration technology.
The wide application of foreign incineration technology is not only due to the developed economy, strong investment power and high calorific value of waste, but also due to the maturity and advanced incineration technology and equipment. Many famous companies in the world have invested in the development of incineration technology and equipment, and the main equipment and ancillary devices have been finalized and matched.
Foreign industrialized countries are mainly committed to improving various original incineration devices and developing new incinerators to develop them in the direction of high efficiency, energy saving, low cost and low pollution, and the degree of automation is increasing. high.
China's urban garbage treatment started late. By the end of 1992, the national garbage and feces removal volume had reached 112.64 million, but there were only 371 harmless treatment plants for garbage and feces, with a total processing capacity of 71,501t/ d.
In recent years, various places have carried out useful exploration of urban waste treatment technology based on actual conditions and starting from countermeasures and planning. Hangzhou, Changzhou, Tianjin, Mianyang, Beijing, Wuhan and other cities have designed their own mechanized garbage composting production lines with Chinese characteristics based on learning from foreign experience in urban waste treatment technology;
Cities such as Shenzhen and Leshan The success of building waste incineration plants has also provided experience for cities to apply incineration technology; cities such as Shenyang and Anshan have implemented unified management of hospital waste and centralized incineration, and have also found a new path for special waste treatment.
The technical countermeasures for urban waste treatment in China are: focusing on sanitary landfill and high-temperature composting technologies, and promoting the development of incineration technology in cities with conditions, especially in economically developed coastal areas.
In recent years, cities have begun to carry out basic and applied research on waste incineration treatment, and have developed NF series reverse combustion furnaces, RF series pyrolysis furnaces, HL series rotary small garbage combustion furnaces and a A batch of special incinerators for hospital waste were built, and a number of small and medium-sized urban simple incineration plants (stations) were built.
Extended information:
Garbage classification:
Since urban garbage contains a large amount of renewable resources, environmental protection enterprises will be a new economic growth point, why implement The classification of garbage from the source has not yet been fully implemented? First, the source does not cooperate well, and the people have not seen the benefits of classification; second, there is the problem of collection and transportation after classification; third, recycling technology is backward. To this end, we must do the following:
1. Regularize publicity and education. Improving environmental awareness among every citizen is a top priority.
The classification of garbage from the source involves thousands of households and every citizen. We must make people realize that they are both victims and producers of pollution, and they should also be the controllers of pollution. To improve the ecological awareness and environmental ethics of Chinese citizens, we need to vigorously publicize the benefits of classification and take resolute measures to improve the quality of citizens.
2. Corporate garbage removal. The removal and treatment of garbage has transformed into an enterprise-style operation, with equal competition between public and private entities. Zhang Shuying from Pinggu uses waste foam and other materials to produce high-quality building materials. She said at the Beijing Municipal People's Congress that she can get as much as she wants at 1.2 yuan per kilogram. But who can send it to Pinggu? Can the factory set up a purchasing station at the junction of urban and rural areas? A collection and transportation team composed of laid-off workers will collect the goods from residential areas for free and deliver them to the corporate purchasing station. The factory will discuss the price based on quality.
3. Environmental protection enterprises are technologically advanced. Arm environmental protection companies with high technology to avoid secondary pollution. Although environmental protection enterprises will become a new economic growth point in the 21st century and can absorb a large number of laid-off workers, the government still needs active support for environmental protection enterprises. If the government can formulate relevant incentive preferential policies like the development zones, garbage disposal This emerging industry will surely develop rapidly.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Municipal Waste