A, the current construction quality control points in the process of construction.
The supervision engineer should distinguish between primary and secondary in the construction process, grasp the key points and rely on improving the quality system and quality inspection system.
First of all, establish a quality control plan for the construction process of the construction project, which should specify the quality control working procedures and quality inspection system.
Secondly, it is necessary to set up quality control points for the construction process activities of building projects and conduct pre-control. The setting principle of control points mainly depends on its influence on quality characteristics, the degree of harm and the difficulty of quality assurance. The construction process of building engineering is the specific stage of production and inspection. The quality control of materials, parts, divisions and subdivisional works in the construction process of building engineering is the most frequent and massive quality management activity of enterprises and the basic guarantee for enterprises to achieve quality objectives.
Second, the realistic analysis of quality control in the construction process of building engineering
At present, the main characteristics of the construction process of building engineering are short construction period, wide range of engineering projects and numerous and miscellaneous projects, which bring certain difficulties to project management and quality control. However, the engineering quality of the construction project is the most fundamental guarantee to ensure that the project can create benefits for the enterprise, and it is also the prerequisite for us to provide high-quality business services for the majority of users. The quality of the construction process of building projects directly restricts some business development of enterprises themselves. All these put forward more acute problems for engineers and technicians engaged in construction and management of construction projects. How to link the quality of the project we are responsible for with the fate of the enterprise and how to improve the construction quality of the project is a new topic we are facing under the new construction situation. Practice has proved that effective engineering quality control is the most effective method to ensure engineering quality.
(A) the relationship between quality control and investment control, schedule control
Quality control, investment control and schedule control are three important control objectives in construction project management, which are interdependent and mutually restrictive. The ultimate goal of our project management is to complete the construction project that meets the quality index of the construction process with less investment within the scheduled time limit. However, simple high-quality requirements will lead to increased investment and prolonged progress; On the other hand, if the quality requirements are too low, it will lead to a sharp increase in quality accidents, seriously delay the construction period, increase the investment cost, and have serious consequences for the output quality of the whole project, as shown in figure 1. This requires us to proceed from reality and determine the quality standards that meet the actual needs according to the type and scale of construction projects.
Relationship diagram of mutual restriction among quality control, investment control and schedule control
(B) the main factors affecting the quality of construction projects.
There are many factors that affect the quality of construction projects, and we often say five aspects: people, materials, machinery, methods and environment. The personnel involved in the construction project mainly come from the construction unit, construction unit, design unit and supervision unit; The materials used in building engineering construction are also varied, sometimes restricted by special environment, and even non-standard materials and equipment are used; Equipment performance of construction machinery and proficiency of operators; The management ideas, design safety and construction organization of the participants in the construction process of the construction project. Construction engineering construction engineering is also different from other industries, such as: large-scale construction engineering involves a wide range of fields, sometimes even very complicated; Construction machinery and equipment are mostly industry-specific; Most building materials and tools also belong to this industry.
Third, the countermeasures to strengthen the quality control in the construction process
In view of the difficulties of quality control in the construction process, I think the control effect should be comprehensive, real-time and effective. To achieve this control goal, it is necessary to effectively monitor the whole process before, during and after the control process, and take timely management, organization and technical measures in the control process. In order to reduce the loss caused by product quality deviation in the process of building engineering, we must pay attention to beforehand control. The following lawyers put forward quality monitoring countermeasures according to the construction process of building projects:
(a) to do a good job of quality monitoring before the construction process.
1. Be familiar with the key points of process operation and master the key points through process analysis. Such as mortar plumpness, levelness, mortar joint thickness, and arrangement of Rachel reinforcement in bricklaying. Another example is the vibrating insertion point and vibrating time during concrete pouring. In this way, supervisors will have clear standards and key objectives in monitoring the future process, and the control work will be more directional and targeted.
2. Check the establishment of the contractor's quality management system, focusing on whether the personnel are in place and whether the responsibilities are clear to the people. We must choose the quality engineer and receiver, because in practice, in order to save management fees, contractors often change the quality engineer into the builder and the material engineer into the receiver. However, there are often contradictions between these two types of job responsibilities, which is not conducive to the implementation of quality control.
3. Establish two systems, namely, material sample system and reward and punishment system. It is very important to control the factors of people and things in the quality control of construction engineering process. The control difficulty of these problems lies in the wide range and large quantity, and it is difficult to achieve the expected control effect without standardizing the system. This paper introduces the sample system that lawyers strive to promote in supervision work as follows: This system mainly has two aspects. The first is to establish sample files, that is, to establish written technical files and physical sample files for incoming materials. Second, check the incoming materials according to the sample standards, and accept them if they meet the standards, otherwise they will be rejected. In this way, the standard of raw materials entering the site is standardized, which is intuitive and easy to operate. The responsibility of material inspection lies with the receiving party, and the supervision engineer should check it regularly. For the deviation, it is solved through the reward and punishment system. In this way, through the implementation of the monitoring sample system, the material factors in the difficulty of quality monitoring can be basically solved. For the implementation of the reward and punishment system, the operator's illegal operation will be punished. The responsibility for inspection and handling lies with the quality inspector, so that the quality inspector has considerable veto power and control over quality. In this way, the supervision engineer effectively controls the human factors in the difficulty of quality monitoring by controlling the implementation of the reward and punishment system.
(two) to strengthen the quality control work in the process of building construction.
Implementation of 1. model system. In the process of building construction, it is often impossible to control the process quality in advance by setting control points. Practice shows that the implementation of model system is a very effective measure. Before the large-scale process activities are carried out, the quality inspection and analysis of the template can play the following four roles: first, the possible problems in future operations can be determined through analysis, and key controls can be implemented in future operations; Second, the quality of operators can be assessed, and those who fail the assessment will be removed to reduce the burden of quality control in the future; Third, make operators and inspectors have clear and intuitive physical standards in their future work, so that everyone has standards in mind; Fourth, avoid extensive rework caused by extensive operation problems. Therefore, the supervision engineer must inspect and accept the products of the sample process before the construction process is started.
Carry out necessary work to prevent large-scale rework; At the same time, it also effectively controls the quality of process operators.
2. Intensify on-site inspection, try to master first-hand information, try to control it in time, find and correct problems as soon as possible, and avoid heavy accumulation and loss of returning to work. For example, in the inspection of Rachel reinforcement in masonry engineering, it is not only difficult to check whether the masonry is drilled after completion, but also difficult to remedy the problems found. However, it can be solved in time during on-site inspection, which can not only ensure the quality and avoid heavy losses, but also easily get the cooperation of contractors, and effectively solve the problems raised by the above-mentioned difficulties in quality control of construction engineering procedures.
3. Monitor the implementation of the contractor's quality management system, model system and reward and punishment system in the construction process. Lawyers found that contractors often have perfect quality control systems and supporting quality management systems, but if they don't implement them, the effect will be little or no, which will seriously affect the effect of process activities. Therefore, the supervision engineer should supervise the implementation of the contractor's quality control system in his work and strengthen the implementation of the system to ensure that the construction process activities are carried out under normal conditions and prevent the occurrence of quality out of control.
4. The working methods that supervision engineers should pay attention to in quality monitoring. In fact, without the cooperation of the contractor, it is difficult for the supervision engineer to achieve the expected results. Therefore, in the process of quality supervision, we must seek truth from facts, handle it impartially, and combine supervision with help. In the work, we should convince people by reasoning and let the facts speak, so as to have a good cooperation atmosphere, and the work effect is often twice the result with half the effort.
(3) Strengthen the monitoring of product quality after the completion of construction projects.
The main work is: the evaluation of process product effect and the comprehensive investigation of product quality hidden dangers, with the focus on reducing the missed inspection of quality hidden dangers as much as possible. According to the summary of practical experience, lawyers implement multi-level inspection and cross-inspection system in the inspection process. Here are two systems: multi-level inspection system, that is, self-inspection by operation team, inspection by quality inspector, inspection by operators of next working procedure and acceptance by supervision engineer. Cross-inspection system is that after the process products are completed, each operation team checks each other, and each professional supervision engineer checks the process products separately, which is beneficial to multi-angle and multi-viewpoint inspection. Practice has proved that the implementation of the two kinds of inspection systems has basically realized the comprehensive inspection of the products in the construction process, and effectively solved the problems caused by the above-mentioned difficulties in quality control of the construction process.
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