Analysis of the current situation of agricultural irrigation and the development of ideas to explore the paper
1 Overview
Yangcheng County is located in the southeastern part of Shanxi Province, the county covers a total area of 1,968km2. the region has complex topography, mountainous ditch depth, land fragmentation, high ground and water is low, and the spatial and temporal distribution of annual rainfall is very uneven, resulting in alternating droughts and floods. The topography of the region is complex, with deep mountains and ditches, broken land, high ground and low water, and very uneven spatial and temporal distribution of annual rainfall, resulting in droughts and floods. There are mainly 12 rivers in the county, such as Qin River and Jizhe River, and more than 70% of surface water resources are concentrated in June-September, with an average rainfall of 627.4 mm. The per capita water resources in the county is 809.2 m3, which is higher than the per capita water resources in Shanxi Province and Jincheng City, but accounts for only 36.78% of the national per capita water resources. In recent years, Yangcheng County, the contradiction between the supply and demand of water resources is becoming increasingly prominent, industrial and agricultural competition for water problems gradually appeared. The reason for this is mainly due to the inherent shortage of water resources, coupled with the water intake year by year, water use efficiency is not high, resulting in a shortage of water resources. With the economic and social development, the contradiction of water shortage will be particularly obvious, rural drinking water security, irrigation water security problems will be particularly prominent. To this end, analyze the county's agricultural irrigation status quo, to explore the next step in the development of ideas is very necessary.
2 Status of Agricultural Irrigation
Since the founding of New China, Yangcheng County, the rapid development of agricultural irrigation, has experienced a large flood irrigation, furrow irrigation, border irrigation and water-saving irrigation sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, seepage irrigation, tube irrigation, etc. Since the 1980s, Yangcheng County, agricultural irrigation has entered a period of rapid development. During the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, Yangcheng County was listed as a key county in the country to save water and increase production, and water-saving irrigation technology has been popularized and popularized on a large scale. In recent years, adhere to the agricultural production, grasp the water-saving irrigation project construction, Beiliu Town, Huangcheng Village, Celery Pond Town, Beiyi Village, the second camp town of Su Village, a number of mulberry, fruit trees, greenhouses and other water-saving vegetable parks were built one after another. As of the end of 2012, the county watered land area of 0.91 million hm2, the actual irrigated area of 0.83 million hm2, water-saving area of 0.56 million hm2, of which: 0.16 million hm2 sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation of 0.05 million hm2, tube irrigation 0.33 million hm2, channel seepage control of 0.02 million hm2. 1,276 irrigation facilities, of which: 66 small-scale diversion of water irrigation, water lifting station 125, 372 electromechanical wells, 713 water storage projects.
3 problems
3.1 Mass awareness is not in place
affected by the traditional concepts, most of the rural masses of water conservation awareness is weak, the phenomenon of waste of water for agricultural irrigation is very serious; and irrigated food crops are not obvious economic benefits, leading to the masses, "only watering the life-saving water, not watering! Yield water", affecting crop yields.
3.2 water security is not in place
As a result of many years of operation, Yangcheng County, the original .26 reservoirs silted up seriously, the benefits of attenuation, the recent application for scrapping 3, downgrade 3, applying for registration of reservoirs, 1; most of the reservoirs are built in the limestone area, more than 70% of the reservoir leakage, can only play a stagnant flood, flood storage; 18 ponds and dams, 15 with the disease Operation, water storage, irrigation function seriously reduced; by the reduction of rainfall and the impact of human activities, the amount of small springs on the ground year after year, and some even dry, resulting in water diversion project efficiency declined year after year.
3.3 Facilities management is not in place
The county's farmland water conservancy infrastructure is mostly built in the 1960s, for the typical side of the survey, the side design, the side of the construction of the "three side" project, the design standard is low, the construction quality is poor, the project is not supporting the facilities, resulting in a lot of aging and dilapidation of the project, the benefits The newest addition to the list is the newest addition to the list, which is the newest addition to the list.
4 development ideas
For the problems of agricultural irrigation in Yangcheng County, first of all, we must further increase the publicity to raise awareness of water conservation in rural areas; secondly, we must formulate a water conservation policy, innovative water conservation mechanisms, improve the utilization of irrigation water, stimulate the rural masses of irrigation enthusiasm; again, according to the distribution of water resources and arable land resources in the county. Thirdly, according to the distribution of water resources and arable land resources in the county, water conservation projects should be carried out according to local conditions. In the south of the county water-scarce mountainous areas to rainwater storage irrigation, water resources along the river townships to develop tube irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, small springs, small water-rich areas to develop efficient water-saving micro-irrigation is given priority to. Project construction ideas are as follows:
4.1 New Water Project Construction
Construction of the Reed River water supply, Mill Beach Reservoir pumping station, Zhangfeng Reservoir Diversion Project and other key water projects; new ditch bottom, East Iron, Garden River, bamboo garden, Yangling, on the river, West Cuolu, Cave Hill, Hongshui, Yangbai and other projects; full development of scattered small springs small water.
4.2 large and medium-sized irrigation construction and renovation
The implementation of the Dongfeng irrigation district, the North stay irrigation district to continue supporting and water-saving renovation projects, the new Zhangfeng Reservoir Yangcheng irrigation project. Dry branch canal construction 18.52km, dry canal refurbishment 12km, branch canal supporting and field water-saving support, etc., after the completion of the new water can be 0.56 million hm2, improve the water 0.01 million hm2, an annual increase of 25.4 million yuan.
4.3 Coal Mine Wastewater Utilization
The county's existing 29 coal mines, available to the development of agricultural irrigation in 20 coal mines, the annual drainage capacity of 2.8 million m3; the use of the existing 6 coal mine pit water development of water-saving irrigation, the completion of the Beiliu Town, Shi Shan Village, Guo Yu Village, and other coal mine wastewater utilization projects. Undeveloped 14 coal mines, the annual drainage capacity of 1.96 million m3, mainly distributed in the Reed River, Qinhe River Basin Beiliu, Runcheng, Celery Pond and other townships. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the planning of 7 coal mine wastewater utilization, 15 new water-saving projects, 20 new cisterns, new water-saving irrigation area of 0.05 million hm2.
4.4 Rainwater Harvesting and Storage Utilization
Rainwater Harvesting and Storage Utilization to the county's south-central limestone mountainous areas of the Driving Ridge Township, Dongye Township, Hebei Township and other five townships. Affected by climate, geology, geomorphology and other factors, these townships lack of surface groundwater resources, and do not have the conditions for the construction of backbone water projects, is the main drought in Yangcheng County water shortage area. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, we should make full use of the hardening area of the village cement (oil) road and rural street hardening project to build rainwater storage and utilization projects, develop an irrigated area of 0.07 million hm2, and build 0.5 million dry wells.
4.5 water reuse
In order to reduce environmental pollution and alleviate the problem of insufficient water resources, Yangcheng County, Fengcheng Township, South Anyang Village, Beiliu Township, and Run Township planning for three sewage treatment plant >:Please remember my station domain name /<, the South Anyang Sewage Treatment Plant has been completed and is now in operation. South Anyang sewage treatment plant designed to deal with sewage 18,000t / d, the actual treatment of 13,500t / d, the annual treatment of sewage 4.9 million t. Planning to meet the standards of wastewater as the main source of water to build water-saving parks, the new pumping station, a 45m3, paving water pipeline 2,300m, the new water reservoirs, two *** count 5,000m3, maintenance of water reservoirs, two *** count 4,000m3, and so on. After the completion of the new water land can be 0.02 million hm2, annual income of 1.2 million yuan. In addition, in the construction of agricultural irrigation projects at the same time, to strengthen project management and maintenance, to ensure that the project healthy operation. To further develop management and maintenance standards, clear management and maintenance responsibilities, the implementation of management and maintenance funds, through auctions, leases, contracting and joint-stock cooperation and other forms of clear ownership of the project, the right to operate, the right to use, so that it can play a long-term benefit.
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