This tunnel is geologically complex, mainly containing soil ice layer, full of frozen soil, rich frozen soil and other properties of the soil. When the excavation of the tunnel after the first gun blast, chiseling through many tunnels of China Railway Bureau of the 20th construction technicians, the first time to see the soil full of ice, for the surprise. Tunnel permafrost layer up to 150 meters thick, the thinnest cover of only 8 meters, the construction of the slightest carelessness, will lead to a major collapse. Wind volcano area of harsh natural conditions, the average altitude of 4900 meters here, the average annual temperature -7 ℃, the lowest temperature in the cold season -41 ℃, the oxygen content in the air is only 50% of the mainland about 50%, is referred to as the "forbidden zone of life". Wind volcano tunnel has more than 7 ministry-level scientific research projects, is the Qinghai-Tibet Railway scientific research projects most of the plateau tundra tunnel, the engineering difficulty of the unprecedented.
On October 18, 2001, the construction of Wind Volcano Tunnel started. The General Command Department of Qinghai-Tibet Railway Construction strengthened the leadership, China Railway Twenty Bureau Group Company organized the project scientifically, and the relevant units cooperated with each other vigorously, and in accordance with the guiding ideology of "relying on science and technology, people-oriented, and focusing on environmental protection", the project was constructed scientifically, managed strictly, and fought strenuously, and all the work made important breakthroughs and promising results.
To carry out joint research, breakthroughs in key difficulties. In order to overcome the difficult problem of plateau tundra construction, the General Command of Qinghai-Tibet Railway Construction set up a leading group of scientific and technological research with construction, design, construction and supervision as its members, and the Command of China Railway Bureau 20 set up a research group with the commanding officer as the leader, and carried out joint researches with the academy of railway sciences, institute of permafrost research of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and southwestern Jiaotong University. Adapted to the tundra tunnel construction of low-temperature early-strength concrete, the use of waterproofing, insulation and other new technologies and new techniques, to overcome the shallow buried tundra tunnel into the hole, ice rock light explosion and other technical difficulties, mastered the plateau tundra roadbed and tunnel construction of an effective approach.
Adhering to the identification and treatment, to solve the permafrost hot melt. Tunneling in the wind volcano adverse geological areas, the key is to solve the problem of hot melt surrounding rock. China Railway Bureau 20 command to overcome the saturated frozen ground construction as the primary goal, drawing on domestic and international experience in tundra tunnel construction, and Shijiazhuang Railway Institute *** with the development, production of two extra large tunnel air-conditioning unit, the formation of the cave air freezer and air-conditioning room, the cave temperature is controlled within plus or minus 5 degrees Celsius, so as to solve the problem of different tundra geological conditions of heat melt, to ensure smooth progress of the project. progress explored a new way.
To find out the advanced technology, promote advanced work method. The wind volcano tunnel shallow buried layer is long, in order to avoid the occurrence of collapse, they for different geological spraying and support put forward the work method program. In the ice-rich frozen soil section, the use of large pipe shed and small pipe shed of double-layer over the front super-strength support method, the use of hollow anchors and warmed cement slurry anchoring, so that the upper layer of the surrounding rock to form a relatively stable environment. At the same time, the implementation of "weak blasting, fast support, fast initial lining", safe through the ice-rich frozen soil section. And for the fissure ice geology, it adopts the method of "grabbing the grill first, welding the steel mesh quickly, and spraying the protection while welding", which has achieved good results. Also on the thawed mudstone geology to take "water glass for two-liquid grouting, first stabilize the structure of the mountain, to be water glass and cement slurry solidification, and then cautious excavation", soon stopped the thawed mudstone collapse, to ensure the normal progress of the construction.
Emphasis on project quality, improve labor efficiency. They implement the "start must be excellent, once into the excellent, the overall excellence" policy, the project acceptance rate of 100%, the excellent rate of 90% or more, reducing the quality of the disease, did not occur a level of safety accidents. Also has purchased more than 400 sets (sets) of first-class plateau construction machinery, the realization of mechanized operations, greatly reducing the labor intensity of workers, improve productivity, accelerate the progress of tunnel construction.
Adhering to the "people-oriented", health protection first. The wind volcano tunnel air thin, strict lack of oxygen gas. In order to ensure that the team to go, stand firm, win, they start from the geographical environment, climatic conditions, technical difficulties, materials and equipment, medical and health care and other aspects of protection. Has invested funds to set up a high-pressure oxygen warehouse, B ultrasound and other advanced medical equipment "site hospital" and 9 grass-roots site health center, equipped with 34 medical personnel, formed a sound secondary health protection network; they cooperate with scientific research units, developed and built 3 production, life medical oxygen station, to the wind volcano tunnel for diffuse oxygen supply, each oxygen station each time, the oxygen supply, the oxygen supply, the oxygen supply, the oxygen supply, the oxygen supply. Oxygen supply, each oxygen station can produce 20 cubic meters of oxygen per hour, the purity of oxygen reaches 94%%, and installed an oxygen bar car in the cave, which is convenient for the operating personnel to inhale oxygen at any time. Solve the problem of more than 3,000 construction workers and civilian laborers in construction and living with oxygen. Created a miracle that none of the construction workers and laborers died of plateau sickness.
On October 19, 2002, the wind volcano tunnel of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway passed through, marking the important progress in the battle of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway construction, and the Ministry of Railways sent a special telegram to express its congratulations.
On July 29, 2003, the main project of the tunnel was completed. The successful breakthrough of the Wind Volcano Tunnel in the technical problems of plateau permafrost was awarded as one of the "Top Ten Scientific and Technological Events of China in 2002" by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China in the selection activities organized by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China and other organizations. Source: Huang Yang, Propaganda Department, General Command of Qinghai-Tibet Railway Construction. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has a total length of 1,956 kilometers, with 960 kilometers of elevation above 4,000 meters, of which 550 kilometers cross the perennial permafrost zone of the plateau. Its highest point is located at an altitude of 5,072 meters, always snow-capped Tanggula Mountain Pass, known as "the closest railroad to the sky" and "the highest railroad in the world". The construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is a major strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council as it enters the new century, and it is one of the four major landmark projects of the Tenth Five-Year Plan of the country, and it is the first of the key projects for the development of the western region.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway starts from Xining City of Qinghai Province in the north and ends in Lhasa City of Tibet Autonomous Region in the south, with a total length of about 1956 kilometers, of which about 846 kilometers from Xining to Golmud was completed in 1984. Will start the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Golmud to Lhasa section, from the western town of Qinghai Province, Golmud City Railway Station, over the southern mountain pass, on the Tibetan plateau hinterland, through the Nachitai, five Liang, Tuo Tuo River, Yan Shi Ping, over the Tanggula Mountains into the Tibet Autonomous Region, and then through the Amdo, Nagchu, Dangxiong, Yangbajing, to the Tibet Autonomous Region, the capital of Lhasa City. The line direction is basically parallel to the Qinghai-Tibet Highway. Qinghai-Tibet Railway through the Coco Sicily, the source of the Three Rivers, Qiangtang and other nature reserves, because of its unique environmental design and construction, also known as China's first "environmental protection railroad".