The U.S. Department of Commerce puts forward two main indicators for determining the high-tech industry: one is the intensity of research and development (R&D), i.e., the proportion of R&D expenses in sales revenue; and the other is the proportion of R&D personnel (including scientists, engineers, and technical workers) in the total number of employees. In addition, the dominant technology of the product must belong to the identified high-technology field, and it must include processes or technological breakthroughs that are at the forefront of technology in the high-technology field. According to this criterion, the high-tech industry mainly includes the three major fields of information technology, biotechnology and new material technology.
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), for the sake of international comparison, also uses the intensity of research and development to define and divide the high-tech industry, and in 1994, it chose to use the total cost of R&D (direct R&D costs plus indirect R&D costs) as a proportion of total output value, the proportion of direct R&D funds as a proportion of the value of output and direct R&D as a proportion of value added. D accounted for the proportion of value-added 3 indicators to re-propose the high-tech industry 4 classification: that is, the aerospace manufacturing industry, computer and office equipment manufacturing, electronics and communications equipment manufacturing, pharmaceutical manufacturing industry identified as high-tech industries. This classification is accepted by most countries in the world.
In addition, Canada believes that the identification of high-tech industries depends on the research and development funds and the technical quality of the labor force to reflect the level of technology. France, on the other hand, believes that only when a new product using standard production lines, with high-quality labor force, has a certain market and has formed a new branch of industry, can be called high-tech industry. In Australia, the application of new technology and the manufacture of new products are regarded as the distinguishing marks of the judgment.
China currently has no clear definition of high-tech industries and definition standards, usually according to the industry's technology intensity and complexity as a measure. According to the Notice on the Statistical Classification Catalog of High-Tech Industries issued by the National Bureau of Statistics in July 2002, the statistical scope of China's high-tech industries includes such industries as aerospace and aircraft manufacturing, electronics and communication equipment manufacturing, electronic computer and office equipment manufacturing, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and medical equipment and instrumentation manufacturing.
What is high-tech? What are the legal conditions and scope of high-tech certification?
In 1991, the former Ministry of Science and Technology stipulated that the science and technology management department determines high and new technology within the following scope:
(1) Microelectronics and electronic information technology.
(2) Space science and aerospace technology.
(3) Optoelectronics and opto-electro-mechanical integration technology.
(4) Life science and bioengineering technology.
(5) Materials science and new materials technology.
(6) Energy science and new energy technology.
(7) Ecological science and environmental protection technology.
(8) Earth science and ocean engineering technology.
(9) Basic material science and radiation technology.
(10) Pharmaceutical sciences and biomedical engineering technology.
(11) Other new processes and technologies applied on the basis of traditional industries.
High-tech enterprises are knowledge-intensive and technology-intensive economic entities. The determination of the scope of high and new technology will be supplemented and revised according to the continuous development of high and new technology at home and abroad, and will be promulgated by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China.
How to define high-tech enterprises?
Article 1 In order to further promote the sustained, rapid and healthy development of the city's high-tech industry, these measures are formulated in accordance with the relevant policies and regulations, with reference to the national Ministry of Science and Technology and the Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology's relevant measures for the identification and management of high-tech enterprises, and in the light of the actual situation in Shenzhen.
Article II of this approach applies to the Shenzhen Administration for Industry and Commerce in the registration of various types of enterprises or enterprise management of research and development institutions.
Article III of the measures referred to in the "Shenzhen high-tech enterprises" for the special name, high-tech products refers to the Shenzhen Municipal Bureau of Science, Technology and Information according to the Ministry of Science and Technology and other departments of the Chinese high-tech product catalog published by the Shenzhen actual Shenzhen High-tech Product Catalog announced in combination with the products listed in the Shenzhen High-tech Product Catalog.
Article 4 Shenzhen high-tech enterprises recognized standards:
(1) the applicant enterprise's R & D and production of products belong to the scope of the "Shenzhen High-tech Product Catalog";
(2) mainly engaged in high-tech product research, development, production of high-tech products of the applicant enterprise's high-tech products should be more than 5 million yuan of annual sales revenue, its own high-tech products sales revenue accounted for the enterprise's total sales of that year. Product sales revenue accounted for more than 50% of the enterprise's total sales revenue for the year;
(c) enterprises engaged in research and development of high-tech products must have independent intellectual property rights or expected independent intellectual property rights; enterprises mainly engaged in the production of high-tech products must have clear intellectual property rights relationship;
(d) enterprises engaged in the research and development of high-tech products with college degree or above accounted for more than 30% of the total number of employees, of which scientific and technological personnel engaged in high-tech products research, development of scientific and technological personnel should account for more than 10% of the total number of employees, and have a specialized research and development institutions; or mainly engaged in the production of high-tech products of the enterprise has a college degree or above accounted for more than 10% of the total number of employees, of which scientific and technological personnel engaged in high-tech products research, development of scientific and technological personnel accounted for more than 3% of the total number of employees, and there are More than 3% of the total number of employees, and there is a specialized research and development institution;
(v) annual per capita gross output value or expected annual per capita gross output value of more than 150,000 yuan;
(vi) sales profit and tax rate or expected sales profit and tax rate is higher than the average level of the same industry;
(vii) annual research and development expenditures for enterprises engaged in the research and development of high-tech products account for more than 8% of the annual sales revenue Or mainly engaged in the production of high-tech products of the annual expenditure on research and development of enterprises accounted for more than 3% of annual sales revenue;
(viii) with modern management of the organization, measures and methods;
(ix) engaged in the research and development of major high-tech products production of the applicant unit does not meet the above criteria, but its products do make a significant contribution to the development of the city's high-tech industry by the Recognition procedures can also be recognized as high-tech enterprises.
(j) mainly engaged in software development, production has been recognized by the Shenzhen Municipality of software enterprises whose annual sales revenue should be greater than 5 million yuan, of which the registered sales revenue of self-produced software products accounted for more than 50% of the total sales revenue of the enterprise, you can directly apply for conversion to high-tech enterprises.