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- -Zhejiang township enterprises
Investigation of the use of renewable resources
Zhejiang Township Enterprise Bureau: He Rongfei Zhou Zhaohui
When it comes to township enterprises, people tend to associate it with the waste of resources and pollution of the environment. Unbeknownst to them, Zhejiang township enterprises can make full use of renewable resources, the development of circular economy, a major highlight of the construction of eco-zhejiang. Recently, we went into Ningbo, Shaoxing, Taizhou and other places to conduct some investigations, the results of the investigation is thought-provoking.
First, the utilization of renewable resources in Zhejiang characteristics
Zhejiang township enterprises on the recycling of renewable resources, experienced by small traders to professional enterprises, from the domestic recycling to go out of the country to recycle the development process.
1, the recycling of renewable resources on a large scale, high output value
At present, the province's copper processing directly using about 400,000 tons of copper scrap, aluminum processing, aluminum alloy casting parts and products industry use of scrap aluminum more than 40 million tons. Zhejiang small hardware annual output value of more than 10 billion yuan, the required copper, aluminum, iron and other raw materials are basically recycled from miscellaneous scrap metal. Taizhou motorcycle wheel annual output value of more than one billion yuan, the aluminum needed from the dismantling industry. Plastic products and plastic mold manufacturing industry using recycled plastics, only Taizhou, Yuyao, Cixi, Dongyang four places to use more than 1 million tons. Taizhou, in particular, in 2003, the total amount of imported waste hardware and electrical dismantling reached 2 million tons, access to waste copper 180,000 tons, waste aluminum 120,000 tons, 1.4 million tons of scrap iron and steel. Zhejiang has become China's renewable resources recycling province.
2, the formation of a number of renewable resources recycling backbone enterprises
Zhejiang part of the renewable resources utilization of enterprises, after more than 20 years of development, has completed the original accumulation of capital, and is in the process of expanding the scale, improve the efficiency of the goal of the second venture, the formation of a number of renewable resources recycling backbone of the townships and enterprises. Luqiao, for example, as of the end of 2003, by the State Environmental Protection Administration of the solid waste imported by the use of more than 20 units, in 2003, the total amount of solid waste utilization of 2 million tons, of which the largest of the top 10 enterprises imported the use of the volume accounted for 85% of the total amount of dismantling in Taizhou. The largest Taizhou Qihe Tiandi Metal Company has an annual dismantling capacity of more than 100,000 tons, with more than 600 dismantling workers and a dismantling site of 40,000 square meters, and the smelting capacity of aluminum scrap reached 160,000 tons in October 2004; the annual capacity of Taizhou Kailai Fenze Metal Company Limited has also reached 40,000 tons. Again, zhuji city zhejiang hailiang group, in 2003 the production of copper 166,000 tons, is the domestic copper production exceeded 100,000 tons of the first factory, to achieve sales revenue of 3.1 billion yuan, of which 55,000 tons of recycled copper. Another example, Yongkang's Wanjin copper annual output of more than 30,000 tons.
3, to professional parks as the basis for constantly bigger and stronger renewable resources recycling industry
In order to promote the healthy and orderly development of renewable resources recycling, around the local conditions, to strengthen the construction of renewable resources processing and development of professional parks. For example, Ningbo Zhenhai Renewable Resources Processing Park 39 existing domestic and foreign enterprises, June 2003 operation has been dismantled and processed 305,000 tons of scrap metal, the current annual production capacity of 1.25 million tons of processing, the enterprise centralized into the park, customs, commodity inspection, environmental protection and other departments to focus on supervision, project centralized gatekeeper, the "three wastes" centralized management. Management. Fuyang paper industry due to excessive consumption of bamboo, wood, grass and other natural resources, but also due to serious pollution, people for Fuyang once "talk about paper". Now, Fuyang paper industry to use recycled waste paper, the new paper industrial park, the enterprise unified sewage, centralized management, the implementation of cleaner production and water-saving processes, to achieve sewage live. Taizhou City, the establishment of two larger industrial parks, all waste materials are stacked in standard plants, processing and utilization, the need for incineration of waste motors must be entered into the use of the second incineration of the incinerator to be processed; manually stripped of waste wires and cables can not be carried out for wire crushing and processing system for the dismantling of the incineration is strictly prohibited through the dismantling of the incineration; produced by the park of wastewater and garbage centralized treatment, basically solving the problem of environmental pollution. Environmental pollution problems are basically solved. Practice has proved that "park management" is the comprehensive utilization of renewable resources, environmental protection and effective management mode.
4, the use of renewable resources is increasingly base, specialization, industrialization
Zhejiang township enterprises on the use of renewable resources, experienced by a single enterprise operation to the base of the operation, from part-time to the development of professional management process, has emerged Yongkang, Luqiao, Jiashan, Yuyao, Cixi and other large-scale scrap metal, scrap motor, scrap plastics dismantling base, Professional market, the operation of these bases has its own characteristics, there are mainly three business models: the Luqiao model, which is mainly based on recycling and dismantling; the Yongkang model, which is mainly based on acquiring and utilizing; and the Cixi model, which is based on recycling and utilizing to form a complete industrial cycle. The base operation not only breaks through the original pattern of small-scale part-time operation, but also connects with the market to form a professional market. Zhejiang township enterprises on the use of renewable resources, from the acquisition (buy), dismantling (processing), sale (sell), as a means of production into the industrialized production process, has formed a professional division of labor, the operation of the orderly industrial cycle pattern.
Second, the utilization of renewable resources on the development of the significance of the circular economy
Circular economy is the most advanced model of sustainable development of society, which requires economic activities in accordance with the natural ecosystem, the traditional "resources - products - waste" open material processes, into the "resources - products - renewable materials", into the "resources - products - renewable materials", into the "resources - products - renewable materials", into the "resources - products - renewable materials". It requires economic activities in accordance with the natural ecological system to transform the traditional "resource-product-waste" open-ended material flow into a "resource-product-renewable resource" recurring cyclic material flow, so that the entire economic system does not produce or produces only a small amount of waste in the process of production and consumption, and to fundamentally dissolve the sharp contradiction between the resources, the environment and the development of renewable resources recycling is an important link in the development of the circular economy.
1, the use of renewable resources to effectively protect the environment and maintain the ecological balance
Through the recycling of resources, reduce or do not emit pollutants, improve the utilization rate of resources, and play an important role in protecting the increasingly scarce natural resources and the increasingly fragile ecological environment. Experts on the use of renewable resources and primary resources development of environmental pollution analysis and comparison, Zhejiang township enterprises use every 10,000 tons of recycled copper, meaning that less tailings can be discharged 1.2-1.5 million tons, less smelting slag emissions of 40,000-60,000 tons, less sulfur emissions of 3600 tons, saving energy equivalent to 59,000 tons of standard coal, saving investment of more than 100 million yuan to reduce production costs of more than 6 million yuan. This does not take into account the damage to the ecological environment caused by mining and the waste water and other toxic substances produced by smelting and processing. Compared with primary aluminum, for every 10,000 tons of aluminum recycled, 20,000-40,000 tons of red mud can be discharged less, 119,000 tons of standard coal can be saved in energy, and 87% of investment can be saved. On the other hand, the utilization of recycled resources directly reduces the pollution caused by landfill or incineration of waste materials to the environment. At present, the cumulative amount of garbage piled up in China has reached more than 6 billion tons, occupying 500 million square meters of land, some toxic and hazardous waste on the soil, groundwater, the atmosphere caused by actual and potential pollution is quite serious. Recycling of renewable resources, turning waste into treasure, turning harm into profit, can effectively reduce waste emissions, is one of the important measures to combat pollution and improve the environment.
2, the use of renewable resources to solve the problem of resource scarcity
Zhejiang, more people, less land, lack of natural resources, energy, raw materials and other basic industries are weak, is a small province of resources, and the province's 700,000 townships and townships of the advantages of processing highlights the contradiction between the two is very prominent. Recycling and utilization of renewable resources, is undoubtedly an effective way to solve the shortage of resources. Yongkang small metal industry development needs a lot of metal resources, Yongkang people travel all over the country and even out of the country to Russia and other countries, recycling scrap copper, scrap aluminum and other renewable resources. Thousands of Yuyao, Cixi, Huangyan, Dongyang people, to all parts of the country to organize waste plastics to meet the needs of the development of plastic products industry and mold industry. 2003, Zhejiang copper production reached 1.208 million tons, accounting for 1/3 of the country's total output of copper, for six consecutive years, ranked first in the country's provinces and municipalities, of which recycled copper accounted for more than 50%; Yuhuan use of scrap brass, forming a from the production of copper tubing to copper plumbing hardware, Valve industry chain, Yuhuan is currently the country's largest low-pressure copper ball valve production and export base, nearly 30 varieties of more than 600 specifications, including valves, plumbing fittings, etc., the domestic market share of more than 50%, exports accounted for 60% of the country, the 2003 production of 700,000 tons of copper, including the use of scrap brass up to 200,000 tons.
3, the utilization of renewable resources to enterprises to bring competitive price advantage
Zhejiang products in the domestic and international markets have a strong competitiveness, to a large extent, thanks to the comprehensive utilization of renewable resources. For example, the production of low-voltage electrical appliances with copper sheet, the market in the past has been occupied by large state-owned enterprises, due to the processing of copper sheet in Zhejiang township enterprises in the same quality conditions under the price of low 2000 yuan / ton, the township enterprises to quickly occupy the market in and out of the province, and access to the space for industrial development. The nationally renowned Wenzhou Liu City, low-voltage electrical production base, is the use of waste transformers and other electrical equipment and the use of recycled metal casting fittings on the basis of the development. Another example, Yongkang is currently engaged in scrap metal processing and smelting enterprises have more than 200, the annual scrap metal trading volume of 6 billion -7 billion yuan, with the production of scrap aluminum alloy of about 250,000 tons of aluminum, the production of copper is also about 200,000 tons. It provides cheap resources for the pillar industries such as power tools, household hardware, motorcycle auto parts and so on. Again, Huangyan, Luqiao, Jiaojiang, Yuyao, Cixi plastic products industry's great development, but also thanks to the local domestic and foreign markets, the full use of cheap recycled plastic resources.
4, the use of renewable resources to promote the development of regional characteristics of the economy
Iron and steel, plastics and other renewable resources, greatly promoting the use of Zhejiang wire and cable, motors, pumps, motorcycles and automobile parts, sanitary ware, fitted with hardware and other related manufacturing and processing industries, the formation of a large number of renewable resources based on the use of the industry as the basis of the regional characteristics of the economy. For example, Yongkang through the use of aluminum, copper and other renewable resources, the formation of Zhiying Town to copper strip processing, Gushan Town to aluminum alloy casting, Qiaoxia Town to aluminum metallurgical casting of the main industry enterprise clusters. Following the extension of the industrial chain, the depth of product development, more than 10,000 hardware, machinery enterprises, the formation of power tools, household hardware, motorcycle and auto parts and other pillar industries, to create a "China Hardware Science and Technology City". Yuyao from the use of waste plastic, waste metal production of plastic products, molds and home appliance parts, to create China's largest plastic products, molds and dies market - "China Plastic City". 2003, "China Plastic City" sales volume reached 1.5 million tons. In 2003, the sales volume of "China Plastic City" reached 1.5 million tons, and the turnover reached 13.5 billion yuan, of which Yuyao products accounted for about 20%, and recycled plastics accounted for more than 20%. Cixi is not only the province's most important plastic products base, and as a basis for the creation of "Shuaikang" and dozens of other well-known brands of small household appliances, to become the third largest home appliance production base in China after Shunde, Guangdong, Qingdao, Shandong.
5, renewable resources recycling to expand the field of employment, affluent people
Recycling of waste materials, from recycling to dismantling are labor-intensive industries, expanding the employment channels of urban and rural surplus labor. Such as Luqiao Fengjiang Town as the main Taizhou scrap metal dismantling base, direct employees amounted to more than 30,000 people, if you add the trade around the solid waste utilization industry, transportation and other service industries, related to the employment of up to 100,000 people. Luqiao District, Lubei Street, under the Zaiyu Village is a professional village of 80 households of waste plastic utilization, plastic products, annual sales revenue of 150 million yuan, the average annual sales revenue of 1.875 million yuan per household, the net income of each household up to more than 300,000 yuan.
Third, the use of renewable resources problems and countermeasures
1, not widely recognized by all sectors of society
"Circular economy", "renewable resources utilization" in our country, the province has just begun to attract attention, or a relatively foreign concept. Attention, or a strange concept. Renewable energy utilization is promising, beneficial to the country and the people's concept has not yet become the whole society's **** knowledge, industry development is still a lack of social foundation, in the country's industrial structure system is still a lack of its due position. A considerable part of the people, including some media, the recycling of renewable resources and counterfeiting, pollution of the environment equals. That the industry is "picking up rags, polluting the environment", indiscriminate, arbitrary exclusion, accusations. I do not know the recycling of renewable resources is precisely the rectification of environmental pollution, ecological protection, the implementation of sustainable development is an important way.
It is imperative to strengthen the publicity efforts to enhance the community's recognition of the importance of renewable energy utilization: First, due to the limited nature of the resources, China's per capita mineral resources per capita possession of only 58% of the world's average level, some important resources for a long time dependent on imports. Second, the utilization of renewable resources is a major initiative to protect the environment and maintain ecological balance. Fourth, the utilization of renewable resources is the development of circular economy, the need to take the road of sustainable development. To enable the public to establish resource conservation, environmental protection, waste into treasure consciousness, in particular, to establish the conscious use of recycled goods, willing to bear part of the cost of processing and utilization of waste materials consciousness, solidify the social basis for the use of renewable resources.
2, inadequate laws and regulations, policy instability
As China's recycling of renewable resources has not yet introduced the law, the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises do not have due legal protection, their behavior is not effectively regulated, is not conducive to the development of renewable resources recycling industry. National and local governments lack a unified and stable management policy for the renewable resources industry, the industrial orientation is not clear, making the development of the industry's enterprises have doubts, leading to the lack of confidence in the industry's prospects, do not dare to invest too much money. Taizhou scrap metal dismantling industry due to the adjustment and change of the national policy guidance on the utilization of the seventh category of solid waste imports and the influence of the mainstream media, has gone through a "negative-affirmation-restriction on the development of", "standardization and rectification-orderly development" and other repetitive process, which This makes it difficult for enterprises to carry out normal production and operation and international trade, thus restricting the long-term development of the industry.
Therefore, it is necessary to formulate and improve the relevant laws and regulations on the recycling of renewable resources in China as soon as possible, and to accelerate the study on the formulation and introduction of the "Recycling of Renewable Resources Regulations" and other individual laws and regulations, such as the "Waste Household Electrical Appliances Recycling Management Measures" and so on. Through legal regulation, clear industrial development and policy orientation, dispel the doubts of the relevant enterprises to develop this industry, and provide a better external environment for the development of renewable resources recycling industry; regulate the industry behavior, and clarify the industry chain of recycling, utilization, and other businesses their respective responsibilities and obligations, in order to promote the treatment of renewable resources, processing and utilization and sales. The recycling of renewable resources gradually into the legalized management track.
3, insufficient policy support
Only the efforts of the recycling industry is unable to realize the economic benefits of enterprises and social benefits, environmental benefits of the effective unity. Over-emphasis on "big profits, small profits, small dry, no profit, not dry" is bound to lead to the loss of waste materials and environmental pollution. Relative to the world's developed countries, China's renewable energy utilization lack of supportive policies, not enough. Recycling of renewable resources, there are a series of problems such as less investment, scientific and technological research and promotion of the lack of funds, the lack of development momentum.
Therefore, the utilization of renewable resources enterprises must increase policy support. To be in the relevant technology policy, industrial policy, tax policy, credit policy and market access and other aspects to give inclination. In particular, the tax policy to make reasonable adjustments. To set up waste materials recycling science and technology development fund, the implementation of key breakthroughs. The focus should break through the impact of environmental pollution and the use of low value such as storage batteries, dry batteries, as well as a wide range of future volume of computers, televisions, refrigerators and other waste materials recycling technology.
4, remediation of environmental pollution needs to be strengthened
From a general point of view, the recycling of renewable resources recycling enterprises operating and production scale is relatively small, due to the small capital investment, technology development capacity is weak, resulting in backwardness of the waste materials processing and treatment technology, some of the processing and processing of renewable resources with the environmental pollutants can not be properly dealt with, and the comprehensive utilization of renewable resources and the environmental protection requirements gap Farther. Incineration and other backward technology dismantling of old electrical appliances, soot, sewage, direct discharge of waste and other pollution of the environment occurs from time to time.
To build Zhejiang into a strong province of renewable resources utilization, we must make great efforts to strengthen the environmental pollution remediation efforts, the combination of blocking and sparing for comprehensive management. On the one hand, to strengthen the construction of renewable resources processing parks, the formation of a certain scale, environmental protection facilities, industrial parks, clusters of enterprises, pollutants for centralized remediation, discharge; on the other hand, for serious pollution of the enterprise, should be a deadline for rectification and governance, or be shut down, stop. In addition, it should also establish a diversified input mechanism, multi-channel fund-raising ecological environment construction and protection fund, so that the use of renewable resources, economic benefits, social benefits, ecological benefits of the three have been organically unified.
5, the phenomenon of disorderly development of renewable resources market
First, the lack of various types of industry standards, technical specifications. For example, in the waste paper processing standards, due to the lack of uniform classification and recycling quality standards, the quality of recycled paper can not be guaranteed. Shangyu and other places some paper enterprises would rather import waste paper at high prices, but also do not want to use domestic waste paper. Second, the use of renewable resources for their own enterprises, their own organization of raw materials, the lack of some areas on the scale of the renewable resources trading market, thereby increasing the transaction costs and product production costs. Thirdly, there is a problem of disorderly competition between enterprises in the international market to raise the purchase price and compete to lower the export price.
By playing the role of industry associations, China's existing technical standards for waste classification revised as soon as possible with international standards; customs, quality inspection, environmental protection, industry and commerce, taxation and other departments to coordinate action to improve the overall level of renewable resources utilization industry; to strengthen the development of foreign cooperation and exchanges for the introduction of renewable resources recycling industry in Zhejiang, the new concept, advanced technology and advanced management experience. Management experience.