The vigorous development of the Internet has turned the world into a global village. In this fast-changing e-era, the new look of logistics management has also expanded from the traditional warehousing and transportation in the factory to the periphery of the company, integrating the partners related to the supply chain, integrating product research and development, order, procurement, production planning and control and customer service. Europe, which plays an important role in the global economy and trade stage, can't miss the new logistics in the e era, because its logistics development and progress affect the trend of world logistics.
In the rapidly changing E-era, the preconditions for the overall logistics in Europe are also different. The popularity of the Internet and the development of e-commerce have directly impacted the manufacturing industry and distributors, forcing operators to adapt to the requirements of the times, cultivate international thinking mode and macro-industrial vision, and meet new challenges.
European logistics philosophy has developed from the internal production process to the additional value chain. As shown in Figure 29, the whole supply chain extends upstream and downstream from the original internal operation supply chain, integrating suppliers, distributors and consumer customers.
Proper supply chain management can achieve (1) enhanced process transparency; (2) improve process efficiency; (3) Create a good environment for planning and implementation. Whether the supply chain management operates properly determines the success or failure of the company's overall operation. The following is a brief description of the macro measures taken by European industries in recent years to improve their competitiveness in logistics.
First, use global procurement and manufacturing to improve competitiveness.
Europe began to strengthen its relations with European free trade area countries, and then the opening of the eastern European market accelerated the integration of Europe and promoted the growth of export-oriented international companies. Although Europe is linked by the logistics structure network, the whole market still cannot achieve the expected consistency, but it must meet the needs of different countries, meet the requirements of their logistics structure and personalized service, in order to achieve the overall goal.
Although globalization is irresistible, the purchasing strategy of European companies is still concentrated in the European regional market. It is estimated that the regional and global procurement volume will increase by 2% ~ 5%. Table 10 shows the percentage of purchasing sources of major economies in the world at present, and values below 1% are not included.
Global economic liberalization not only affects procurement policies, but also affects the choice of industrial manufacturing sites. Among them, the most important key is salary. Many European companies have moved their production lines to low-wage foreign regions, especially in Asia. The reason is not only low wages, but also high manufacturing technology. Asian countries have progressed from the era of only producing semi-finished products to being able to complete all the manufacturing processes independently.
The next target production areas are South America and Eastern Europe because of their low wages and stable political situation. Due to geographical reasons, the next wave of production areas in EU countries will tend to Eastern Europe and the Near East. It is estimated that Europe will transfer 5% of its procurement abroad, of which 2% will be transferred to EU countries and 3% will be transferred to other parts of the world. European countries will reduce their local manufacturing industry by about 7%, but their eastern European manufacturing industry will increase by 4% and Asia will increase by 2%.
In addition to global procurement and production, logistics outsourcing is also one of the trends of enterprise transformation. The combination of outsourcing and service provider's proprietary technology enables enterprises to focus on their core competitiveness, thus improving productivity and service quality to customers. According to a questionnaire survey conducted by the German Federal Logistics Association (BVL) to countries all over the world, 70% of the companies surveyed deliver goods to outsourcing companies, and 50% of companies and other companies use warehousing, hoping to reduce costs through such cooperation. In addition, most companies limit outsourcing to traditional functions, such as product control, supply chain and customer service. Among the companies surveyed, 65,438+00% ~ 20% introduced more advanced logistics function technology, leaving the work of internal transportation, production planning and order fulfillment to service providers, hoping to bring competitive advantages to the company.
Second, Telmatik and logistics center improve distribution efficiency.
1, the magic word "Telematik"
In the new century, electronic logistics has promoted the vigorous development of transportation industry, and the traditional mode of goods transportation is facing unprecedented pressure. In order to achieve fast and safe delivery quality and improve the transparency of transportation, a powerful network system is needed to monitor and check the trend of orders and goods, and the tracking function is used to allocate, manage and control each means of transportation at any time, making the whole supply chain more transparent. Telematik (Telekomcommunication+Informatik) is attracting more and more attention in Europe, because it can provide such a function, effectively solve complex traffic conditions and keep roads smooth.
TELEMATIK is based on communication network. Through the establishment of mobile navigation system, three information sources are integrated: (1) satellite-assisted GPS system monitoring, providing vehicle position at any time, and using digital map to assist navigation; (2) Provide traffic information in this area, such as no turning, height restrictions for ships passing under the bridge, etc. (3) The latest traffic news.
2. Logistics distribution and distribution
An optimized distribution network allows customers to get the goods they ordered at the lowest distribution cost at a predetermined time. At present, 76% of the distribution areas in Europe are concentrated in their own regions, with 65,438+04% in North America, 2.5% in Eastern Europe, 4% in Asia and 2.5% in South America. Most European companies hope to shorten the order cycle time, save freight and reduce the inventory work in distribution and distribution at home and abroad, and bring more advantages through the new integrated order communication system.
At present, only 15% ~ 20% of the companies in the world have all kinds of functional equipment mentioned in the table 1 1, and most of them are concentrated in Europe and America.