In vitro diagnosis, also known as IVD (InVitroDiagnosis), refers to the human body, outside the human body, through the human body samples (blood, body fluids, tissues, etc.) to obtain the clinical diagnostic information, and then determine the disease or the function of the body's products and services.
In the field of modern medicine, in vitro diagnostics are widely used in medical checkups, chronic disease management, monitoring of serious illnesses, etc., and have become an increasingly important part of the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of human diseases, as well as the protection of human health and the construction of a harmonious society is an increasingly important part of. It is mainly used in routine blood test, routine urine test, liver function, gastric function and other diagnostic items. Biochemical diagnosis has the advantages of low cost and rapid test, but the detection range is limited, and it is the most mature in vitro diagnostic field in China.
2, immune diagnosis
Immune diagnosis is the use of antigen, antibody specific immunity between the pathogen detection diagnostic methods, the detection range covers infectious diseases, tumors, hepatitis B, HIV and other diseases, as well as endocrine hormones, micro-proteins, eugenics, drug testing. Due to the wide range of application coverage, immunodiagnosis is currently the largest market size of the domestic in vitro diagnostic reagent industry.
3, molecular diagnostics
Molecular diagnostics is the use of molecular biology methods to analyze the structure of genetic material in the patient's body diagnostic methods, the main detection principles include nucleic acid hybridization, gene sequencing and so on. Molecular diagnostic products have the advantages of high sensitivity, high specificity, short diagnostic window, qualitative and quantitative detection, but the operation is more complex, the detection of environmental conditions require higher reagents and equipment costs, so it is not conducive to the use of grass-roots hospitals. Compared with the development of biochemical diagnosis and immunodiagnosis has been more mature, molecular diagnosis belongs to the emerging types of in vitro diagnosis.
4, microbiological diagnosis
Microbiological diagnosis is through the patient's sputum, urine, blood, puncture fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, pus and trauma and other places to obtain the original culture, identification of strains of bacteria, and ultimately determine the type of microorganisms and their concentration, so as to determine the patient's pathogenesis, and to help doctors correctly diagnose, standardize the use of medication diagnostic methods.
5, blood and body fluid diagnosis
Blood and body fluid diagnosis is the detection of human blood, urine and other body fluids, so as to analyze the physical condition of the person being tested or disease diagnostic methods, widely used in the field of physical examination, including coagulation detection, blood cell analysis, urinalysis, urine tangible analysis.
6, POCT
POCT, also known as instantaneous detection, through portable instruments and reagents in the patient's body for clinical testing, in the sampling site instant sample analysis of diagnostic methods.POCT testing principle corresponds to the different test items are different, the main areas of application, including blood gas analysis, cardiac markers, coagulation testing, and so on. The advantage is that the diagnosis time is shorter, compared with the traditional testing process is more rapid and convenient, and helps to reduce the occupancy rate of hospital medical resources.