Annual trailing herb, 1-2 m long. glabrous throughout; stems angled, with barbed spines on the angles. Leaves alternate; petiole peltate inserted, where as long as the leaf blade; stipule sheath leaf-like, rounded or ovate, clasping, 2-3cm in diameter; leaf blade sub-triangular, length, width are 2-5cm, light green, below the leaf veins sparsely barbed, sometimes leaf margins also scattered barbs. Short spikes terminal or arising from axils of upper leaves, bisexual; flowers small, numerous, bracteate, bracts orbicular, perianth white or light red, 5-lobed, lobes ovate, enlarged in fruit, fleshy, turning dark blue; stamens 8; styles 3-forked. Achenes globose, dark brown, shiny. Fl. June-Aug. and fr. Sept-Oct.
Occurrence and damage
Annual climbing herb. Flowering and fruiting from June to October. Seed reproduction. Commonly found in hillside thickets and sparse forests, ditches, riverbanks and roadsides. It is a common weed in orchards, tea gardens and road ridges, with a large occurrence and heavy damage.
Growth period
Seedling: upper and lower embryonic axis are very developed, pink. Cotyledons broadly elliptic, 1.7 cm long, l cm wide, apex obtuse-rounded, leaf base tapering, with l distinct midrib, long-stalked. Primary leaves triangular, apex acute, leaf base arrow-shaped or subcordate, long-petiolate. Stipule sheaths suborbicular, piercing the stem, pink. Later leaves are peltate, with barbed spines on the petiole.
Adult plants: stems often reddish brown, angled, with barbed barbs along the angles. Leaf blade subtriangular, peltate, 4 to 6 centimeters long, abaxially light green with sparse barbs along the veins.
Flowers and fruit: Inflorescences short spikelike, 1 to 3 cm long, terminal or in the axils of upper leaves. Bracts rounded, containing 2 to 4 flowers. Flowers light red or white, perianth 5-parted, lobes enlarged when fruiting, fleshy, turning dark blue. Stamens 8, style 3-lobed. Achenes subglobose, black when ripe, 2. 3 mm in diam. and glossy, enclosed in a blue fleshy perianth.
Integrated management strategies
The main methods of weed control in farmland are manual control, chemical control, mechanical control, alternative control and ecological control.
(a) Artificial control
1. Control of weed seeds into the field of artificial prevention and eradication of the first is as far as possible not to make the weed seeds or reproductive organs into the crop field, remove the edge of the ground, the roadside weeds, strict weed quarantine system, selective sowing materials, pay special attention to the domestic does not have or the end of the wide spread of weeds must be strictly prohibited from the import of strict control, prevent the spread of the field to reduce the source of weeds. The importation of weeds must be strictly prohibited or controlled to prevent their spread, so as to reduce the sources of weeds in the field. When composting farmyard fertilizer with weeds, the farmyard fertilizer containing weed seeds should be covered with film and composted at high temperature for 2-4 weeks to ripen into organic fertilizer and kill its germination power before use.
2. Artificial weed control combined with agricultural activities, such as direct manual pulling or shoveling after the emergence of weeds or growth period, or combined with farming measures such as fertilization to eliminate weeds.
(2) mechanical control
In conjunction with farming activities, the use of farm equipment or large day type agricultural machinery for a variety of plowing, harrowing, plowing and loosening of the soil and other measures for the pre-sowing, pre-sprouting and the reproductive period and so on different periods of time to weed, direct killing, mowing or eradication of weeds,
(3) chemical prevention and control
Main feature is highly efficient, labor-saving, free of heavy field mowing labor. field weeding labor. At home and abroad there are more than 300 kinds of chemical herbicides, and processing of different formulations, can be used for almost all food crops, cash crops, weed control.
(4) Alternative control
Using the principle of covering, shading, etc., the use of plastic film covering or sowing other crops (or grass seeds) and other methods of weeding.
Pharmacological effects
1. Antibacterial effect The antibacterial potency of the decoction of the product against Shiga, Smith, Fuchs and Sonnenberg dysentery bacillus is 1:512:1:128, 1:64:1:15, respectively. In addition, the decoction of the product against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus B, Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus diphtheriae, Bacillus cereus, Typhoid fever bacillus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Haemophilus influenzae also have strong antibacterial effect. It has strong antibacterial effect.
2. Antiviral effect of the decoction of the chicken embryo extra-embryonic antiviral test, the Asian influenza A virus and parainfluenza Ⅰ virus antiviral potency of 1: 160: and 1: 64; chicken embryo intra-embryonic test, the effect is not obvious [5].
3. Other effects The 95% ethanol extract of this product has antihypertensive effects on renal hypertensive rats. The active ingredient 3,3′-dimethyl and gallic acid given to awake renal hypertensive rats had a significant effect on cardiac contractility and blood pressure[6].Ames test, the aqueous extract of this product has a certain anti-mutagenic effect, the mutation inhibition rate of more than 10%. In addition, this product has an inhibitory effect on the tumor of experimental animals, carrying plate quaternary gelatin cellulose has a hemostatic effect.
Chemical composition of traditional Chinese medicine
The whole herb contains kaemPferol, caffeic acid methyl ester, quercetin, caffeic acid, Protocatechuic acid. quercetin-3-β-D-glucuronide methyl ester, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, ursolic acid, ibuprofen, ibuprofen, ibuprofen, ibuprofen, ibuprofen, ibuprofen, ibuprofen, ibuprofen, and ibuprofen. ursolic acid, betulic acid, betulin, fatty acid esters of sterols, phytosteryl-β-D-gluco-side, 3,3',4,4′-tetramethylgallate (3,3′,4,4′-tetramethylgallic acid), and phytosteryl-β-D-glucoside. 4,4′-tetramethylellagic acid), 3,3'-dimethylellagic acid, dimethyl endo-tartrate (di-methylmesotartrate) and long-lasting phytosteryl-β-D-gluco-side (phytosteryl-β-D-gluco-side). mesotartrate) and long chain fatty acid esters.
Accessory formula
1. For the treatment of water swelling and distension (《Life Saving Sea of Bitterness》). 2. For the treatment of acute tonsillitis (《Chinese Herbal Medicine New Medical Methods Selected Compilation》). 3. For the treatment of waist-entangling fire dan (《Jiangxi Folk Herb》). 4. For the treatment of scrofula (《 Jiangxi Folk Herb》). 5. For the treatment of carbuncle (《Fujian Traditional Chinese Herbs》). 6. For the treatment of carbuncle with pain and knotting of the breast (《Eastern Fujian Herb》).7. Sitting board sores formula ("Wang Qiuquan family secret"). 8. Treatment of eczema, pemphigus, pustular sores formula ("Fujian Chinese Herbal Medicine"). 9. Treatment of chronic eczema formula ("Selected survey data of single formula and prescription"). 10. Treatment of yellow water sores formula ("Guiyang Folk Herb"). 11. Treatment of joint swelling and pain in the lower limbs formula ("Fujian Chinese Herbal Medicine"). 12. Treatment of hemorrhoidal leakage formula ("Jiangxi Folk Herbal Medicine"). 13. Treatment of epiphyseal gangrene formula ("Jiangxi Folk Herbal Medicine"). 14. Jiangxi Folk Herbal Medicine). 14. Cure snakebite ("All Diseases Solid Spring").
Identification of raw herbs
Trait identificationStem slender, slightly cylindrical, 1-5mm in diameter; surface reddish-brown, brownish-yellow or yellowish-green, with inverted hooked thorns; nodes slightly inflated, with a ring-shaped scar of the leaf sheaths after the shedding of the inter-nodal length of 0.6-6cm; texture brittle, easy to fracture, fracture of yellowish-white, with a medullary part or hollow. Leaves alternate; leaf blade more crumpled or broken, complete after spreading nearly equilateral triangle, light brown or gray-green, leaf green, leaf Ken main veins and petiole sparsely barbed spines. Short spikes terminal, or born in the upper leaf axils, bracts rounded, flowers small, more shriveled or off. Slight gas, slightly acidic flavor.
The one with more leaves and green color is better.
Microscopic identification Stem cross section: epidermis is a row of thick-walled cells, containing reddish brown material. The cortex is thin, 3-5 columns of cells. The fibrous bundles of the mesostylar sheath are continuous in a ring (young stems), or cut by rays into intermittent rings (old stems), the cell walls are thick and lignified. Phloem of old stems with phloem fibers, wall thick and lignified, formation layer obvious. Xylem ducts large, single or in groups of 3-5. Pith cells large, some hollow; old stems in the cortex, phloem, rays and pith can be seen in most calcium oxalate clusters of crystals, young stems are rare or absent. Leaf surface: Upper epidermal cells irregularly polygonal, pericyclic wall nearly flat or slightly curved; underneath there are round secretory cells, about 65μm in diameter; glandular hairs are few, 2-8 cells in the head, and the stalk is short. Lower epidermal cells with pericyclic wall undulate curved; stomata flat-axial or unequal, with slightly more glandular hairs; nonglandular hairs mostly unicellular. Main veins and leaf margins sparsely covered with hook-like spines composed of multiple rows of rhomboid or oblong cells. The leaf flesh cells contain calcium oxalate cluster crystals, 17-62μm in diameter.
Physical and chemical identification (1) take 1g of crude powder of this product and add 10ml of methanol, hot immersion, filtration, and the filtrate for the following test: ① take 1ml of filtrate, add 3-5 drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid and a small amount of magnesium powder, heating, showing light red. (Check flavonoids) ② take 1ml of filtrate, add 1% ferric chloride ethanol solution 2-3 drops, dark blue-purple. (Check phenolic substances and tannins)
(2) take 1g of crude powder, add 10% sulfuric acid 10ml, heated on a boiling water bath, cold, placed in a separatory funnel, add 5ml of ether, shaking, take the ether layer, add 10% ammonia 2ml, shaking and placed, the ether layer retreats to colorless, the alkaline solution showed orange-red. (Check the anthracene brew)
Kong Pan Gui growth pattern
Kong Pan Gui perennial polygonum herb. Stem angular, brown, with inverted barbs. Leaves alternate, peltate; leaf blade subtriangular, 4-6cm long, 5-8cm wide, apex pointed, base subcordate or truncate, sparsely barbed along veins below; ocrea suborbicular, clasping; petiole long, sparsely barbed. Inflorescences short spikelike; bracts orbicular; perianth 5-parted, light red or white, enlarged when fruiting, fleshy, turning dark blue; stamens 8; style 3-lobed. Achenes globose, enclosed in blue juicy perianth. Fl. from June to August, fr. from September to October. Born in valleys, bushes or beside water ditches. Trait identification stem elongated, four-angled, 1 ~ 4mm in diameter, there is an inverted hooked spine on the angle; surface purple-brown or brown, nodes slightly expanded, the internode length of 2.5 ~ 5cm, the node with a ring-shaped scar behind the fragmentation of the sheath of the leaf support. Leaf blade more crumpled, nearly equilateral triangle after spreading, light brown or yellowish green, the main veins on the back of the leaf and the petiole sparsely with small hook-like spines. Spikes terminal or born in the upper leaf axils. Gas weak, taste slightly acidic. Leaves more, green color, no mold is better. Microscopic identification of leaf surface view: the upper epidermal cells slightly polygonal, pericyclic wall straight, subepidermal secretory cells scattered, 60-75 μm in diameter, calcium oxalate cluster crystals scattered in the leaf flesh, 16-52 μm in diameter, the lower epidermal cells pericyclic wall undulating and curved, stomata indefinite, the main veins of the hook-like thorns of the multilinear rhomboid or oblong cell composition. Stem elongated, slightly cylindrical, 1-5mm in diameter; surface reddish brown, brownish yellow or yellowish green, bearing inverted glochidia; nodes slightly inflated, with ring-like scars after the shedding of the leaf sheaths, the internodes 0.6-6cm long; brittle, easy to break, yellowish white in cross section, with medulla or hollow. Leaves alternate; leaf blade more crumpled or broken, complete ones nearly equilateral triangle after spreading, light brown or gray-green, leaf green, leaf main vein and petiole sparsely barbed spines. Short spikes terminal, or born in the upper leaf axils, bracts rounded, flowers small, more shriveled or off. Slight gas, slightly acidic flavor. The one with more leaves and green color is better. Stem cross section: epidermis is a row of thick-walled cells containing reddish brown material. Cortex is thin, 3-5 columns of cells. Middle column sheath fiber bundles in continuous rings (young stems), or cut by rays into intermittent rings (old stems), cell walls thick, lignified. Phloem of old stems with phloem fibers, wall thick and lignified, formation layer obvious. Xylem ducts large, single or in groups of 5. Pith cells large, some hollow; old stems in the cortex, phloem, rays and pith can be seen in most calcium oxalate clusters of crystals, young stems are rare or absent. Leaf surface view: upper epidermal cells irregular polygonal, pericyclic wall nearly flat or slightly curved; underneath there are round secretory cells, about 65 in diameter; glandular hairs are few, the head is 8-celled, the stalk is short. Lower epidermal cells with pericyclic walls undulate-curved; stomata flat-axial or unequal, with slightly more glandular hairs; nonglandular hairs mostly unicellular. Main veins and leaf margins sparsely covered with hook-like spines composed of multiseriate rhomboid or oblong cells. The leaf flesh cells contain calcium oxalate cluster crystals.
Medicinal effects
Cool flavor bitter, sour
Clearing heat and detoxification, diuretic and swelling