Volume Ⅰ (multiple choice questions, ***38 points)
I. Multiple-choice questions (This question includes 20 questions, 2 points per question, ***40 points. Only one option for each sub-question is in accordance with the meaning of the question.)
1. The following substances are pure ( )
A. tap water B. mercury C. white wine D. pig iron
2. For hazardous chemicals to be printed on the package label with a warning sign. Sodium hydroxide solution should be selected signs are ( )
A B C D
3. In gas welding, steelmaking, medical, mountaineering and other production, life are used in a gas is ( )
A. Hydrogen B. Carbon monoxide C. Nitrogen D. Oxygen
4. The world is material, the material is changing. The following changes often occur in life, which belongs to the chemical changes ( )
A. Ice melting B. Milk becomes sour
C. Porcelain broken D. Alcohol volatilization
5. Ozone (O3) can absorb ultraviolet light to protect life on Earth, lightning discharge, there is a very small amount of oxygen in the air will be converted into ozone (O3), that is, 3O2 2O3. The following statements are correct ( )
①O2 and O3 are monomers; ② O2 and O3 are different substances; ③ the change is a physical change; ④ the same mass of O2 and O3, contains the same number of molecules; ⑤ the same mass of O2 and O3, contains the same number of atoms.
A. ① ③ ④ B. ① ② ⑤ C. ② ③ ⑤ D. ② ③ ④
6. China has won the right to host the 29th Summer Olympics in 2008. In order to show a new image to the world, students in a school put forward the following suggestions: ① develop new energy sources and reduce the burning of fossil fuels; ② develop and produce mercury-free batteries; ③ separate and recycle garbage; ④ advocate the use of disposable styrofoam tableware and plastic bags; ⑤ advocate the use of handkerchiefs and reduce the use of napkins; ⑥ advocate the use of non-phosphorus laundry detergent; ⑦ the rational use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture. What you think can be adopted is ( )
A. ① ② ③ ④ ⑥ ⑦ B. ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ C. ① ② ③ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ D. All
7. The figure on the right shows some of the charts and graphs on the iodized salt bags (I is the symbol for the element iodine). From this, you get the information and make a guess ( ）
A. This salt is pure substance
B. "Iodine" in the "iodized salt" is iodine monomers
C. 1Kg of this salt contains potassium iodate (35±15) mg
C. 1Kg of this salt contains potassium iodate (35±15) mg
D. All of them
D. All of them
7. (15) mgD. The reason why "iodized salt should not be added to undercooked vegetables" may be that potassium iodate is unstable by heat
8. As shown in the figure above, there is a section of red ink in the catheter, the test tube is filled with a suitable amount of cold water, and the container is airtight. Now add the following substances to the test tube, the red ink will not move ( )
A. NaOH solid B. Sucrose C. Concentrated H2SO4 D. Quicklime
9. The approximate pH values of some foods are shown in the table below, for those with excess stomach acid, the most suitable for consumption on an empty stomach ( )
Food Apple Citrus Milk Egg white
pH 2.9 ～3.3 5.0-5.7 6.3-6.6 7.6-8.0
A. Apples B. Citrus C. Milk D. Egg whites
10. The following instruments have the three purposes of dissolving solids, preparing solutions, and heating up a large number of reagents (）
A. Test tubes B. Flasks C. Evaporating dishes D. Beakers
11. Put pieces of iron into the solutions of the following substances. Into the solution of the following substances, a few moments after the removal of the solution increased in mass ( ）
A ．Al2(SO4)3 B ．CuSO4 C ．H2SO4 D ．AgNO3
12. life of the following practices are consistent with the scientific reasoning ( ）
A. with a large number of sodium nitrite (NaNO2) pickled food B. in order to prevent CO poisoning, you can put a pot of water on the coal stove
C. Remove the odor in the refrigerator with activated charcoal D. Aluminum containers with pesticide Bordeaux solution
13. a cup of water has a wooden block in a floating state, if the cup gradually add salt, then the wooden block immersed in the liquid part of the added salt mass m between the correct relationship between the graph line ( )
14. plants for Photosynthesis, the need to constantly consume carbon dioxide in the air, but the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere is basically unchanged, this is due to ( )
① respiration of plants and animals ② combustion of fossil fuels
③ dead plants and animals decay ④ some minerals, such as CaCO3, etc., the decomposition of the heating
A ① ③ B ① ④ C ① ② D ① ② ③ ④
15. p>
15. Silicon nitride is the main component of a new type of ceramic materials, can withstand high temperatures, can be used in manufacturing, aerospace and other fields. Known atomic structure of nitrogen, silicon schematic diagram in order. Please speculate that the chemical formula (molecular formula) of silicon nitride ( )
A. Si3N4 B. Si4N3 C. Si3N7 D. Si7N3
16. Lead batteries are a stable voltage, easy to use, safe, reliable, and can be recycled chemical power supply, widely used in national defense, transportation, production and life. Lead batteries used in sulfuric acid solution of solute mass fraction of 31%, if 98% (density of 1.84g/cm3): concentrated sulfuric acid preparation of the above sulfuric acid solution, then the volume of concentrated sulfuric acid and water ratio is about ( )
A. 1:3 B. 3:1 C. 1:4 D. 4:1
17. Drugs are a serious danger to the human community, methamphetamine's chemical formula is C10H15N, about the methamphetamine narrative is wrong ( )
A. incomplete combustion will produce CO B. complete combustion of the product of only two kinds
C. relative molecular mass of 149 D. C, H, N elements of the mass ratio of 10:15:14
18. lime whether it contains undecomposed limestone, the reagent can be selected is ( )
A. Dilute hydrochloric acid B. Barium chloride solution
C. Silver nitrate solution D. Sodium hydroxide solution
19. Tap water production is often passed into the appropriate amount of chlorine for sterilization, chlorine and water reaction is as follows: Cl2 + H2O = HCl + HClO, there are some unscrupulous vendors in the market for profiteering, using tap water as pure water (distilled water) Sell. You can use to identify the authenticity of pure water reagent is ( )
A. Phenolphthalein test solution B. Litmus test solution C. Silver nitrate solution D. Sodium hydroxide solution
Volume Ⅱ (non-selective questions, ***62 points)
II. Fill in the blanks (This question includes 8 sub-questions, ***40 points.)
20.(5 points)Table 1:The main contents of the air quality daily report include: top pollutants, air pollution index and air quality level.
Air Pollution Index 0 to 50 51 to 100 101 to 150 151 to 200 201 to 250 251 to 300 >300
Air Quality Condition Superior Good Mildly Polluted
I Mildly Polluted
II Moderately Polluted
I Moderately Polluted
II Heavily Polluted
Air Quality Level I II III III IV IV V
Table 2:Air Quality Daily Reports of Some Cities in China on December 13, 2004
City Top Pollutants Air Pollution Index Air Quality Level
Shanghai PM 111 III Mild Pollution I
Zibo PM 103
Kunming Sulfur dioxide 61 II GoodHaikou -- 24 I Excellent
(1) Based on the contents of Tables 1 and 2, determine the air quality level in Zibo on that day and fill in the blanks in Table 2.
(2) car exhaust (containing CO, SO2, NO and other substances) is a pollutant in the city, one of the methods of treatment is to install a catalytic converter in the exhaust pipe of the steam, so that CO and NO reaction to generate non-toxic gases that can participate in the atmospheric ecological cycle, write the chemical reaction equation for this conversion ________________________________;
(3) cities prone to acid rain is; in order to reduce the production of urban acid rain, the measures that can be taken are:
A. less coal as fuel B. the use of fuel desulphurization technology C. to the soil that has been acidified by the addition of slaked lime D. the development of new sources.
21. (4 points) in dilute sulfuric acid, salt, slaked lime, dry ice, four substances, life is often used as a flavoring agent; can be used for artificial rainfall is; can be used to clean the surface of the iron and steel rust is; can be used to improve acidic soils is . (Fill in the blanks with the chemical formula)
22. (4 points) Recently, China's U.S. chemists involved in the synthesis of a new type of explosives C8N8O16, it is resistant to blow, earthquake, but once detonated will be a violent explosion. ① the explosive consists of a variety of elements, a molecule containing atoms;
② this explosive will decompose in the explosion of two non-toxic gases, one is the most abundant gas in the air, write the chemical equation of the explosion of this explosive .
23. (3 points) in order to test the long-term exposure in the air of sodium hydroxide solution is deteriorated, you can choose three different categories of substances (acids, bases, salts) reagents for the experiment. Write the chemical formula of the selected reagents: acid , base , salt .
24. (9 points) there are three bottles of reagents to lose the label, only know that they are NaOH solution, NaCl solution, Na2SO4 solution, the existing litmus test solution, phenolphthalein test solution, KNO3 solution, BaCl2 solution available. To distinguish them by experiment, fill in the boxes shown below with only one substance or experimental phenomenon in each box.
25. (4 points) The figure below right is a graph of the solubility of three substances A, B and C. Look at the graph and answer the following questions:
(1) Of the three substances, the solubility is most affected by the temperature of ________;
The one that is least affected by the temperature is ________.
(2) The meaning of the intersection of the solubility curves
lines of the three substances A, B and C at a temperature of t1°C is .
(3) At t2°C, the solubility of the three substances is in the order from smallest to largest
______________.
26. (7 points) ammonia (chemical formula for NH3) is a colorless gas with a pungent odor, the gas is soluble in water in the usual conditions, the density is smaller than the air, in the laboratory, often used by ammonium chloride and soda lime composed of solid mixtures in the heating conditions under the production of ammonia. Ammonia is an important raw material for the industrial production of nitric acid, under certain conditions (high temperature, lightning) can react with oxygen to generate nitric oxide, nitric oxide reacts with oxygen to generate nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen dioxide is absorbed by water to generate nitric acid and nitric oxide.
According to the above text, answer the following questions.
(1) When ammonia is made in the laboratory, the same generating device is used as that used in the laboratory to make ___________ (fill in O2 or H2). Write the names of the apparatus used in this generating device (at least three)
Answer: _______________; _______________; _______________.
(2) To collect ammonia gas, only the ___________ method can be used, this is because of _____________________.
(3) The chemical equation for each step of the reaction for the industrial production of nitric acid is ______.
27. (4 points) copper metal and concentrated nitric acid, dilute nitric acid reaction equation is as follows:
Cu + 4HNO3 (concentrated) = Cu (NO3) 2 + 2NO2 ↑ + 2H2O
3Cu + 8HNO3 (dilute) = 3Cu (NO3) 2 + 2NO2 ↑ + 4H2O
Industrial use of copper chips and concentrated nitric acid as the In practice, concentrated nitric acid is diluted with an equal volume of water. Try to answer briefly:
(1) dilute nitric acid instead of concentrated nitric acid:
(2) from the point of view of economic efficiency and environmental protection considerations, the design of the production of copper nitrate the most appropriate method, expressed in chemical equations:
.
Three. Experimental questions (This question includes 2 sub-questions, ****14 points.)
28. (6 points) The figure on the right shows a device designed by a student that has the purpose of washing, testing and storing gas.
(1) When removing water vapor mixed with oxygen, the gas mixture should be piped in from (fill in "A" or "B"), and the substance in the bottle can be .
(2) When testing whether the hydrogen produced in the laboratory contains hydrogen chloride, the reagent in the bottle can be .
(3) When carbon monoxide is collected by the drainage method, the bottle is first filled with water, and the gas is passed through the conduit from
(fill in "A" or "B", the same below). If you want to use water to remove the carbon monoxide from the bottle for use, the water should enter through the conduit at
(A or B).
29. (8 points) chemistry group of students to verify the candle (the main component is paraffin) products of combustion, and determine the candle in the carbon, hydrogen two elements of the mass ratio, the design of the experimental setup is as follows (Note: the reaction of the full set of devices before the residual air and the reaction of the residual combustion products in the A bottle are negligible, and the devices can be absorbed completely).
A B C D E
(1) The experimental steps are: ① weighing ② re-weighing ③ light the candle and pass the oxygen (to control the flow of oxygen) ④ stop passing the oxygen, so that the candle is extinguished ⑤ connecting the apparatus according to the diagram ⑥ cooling the device to room temperature. Then the order of the experimental steps is (fill in the number sequence) _______________.
(2) The reagents available are: dilute sulfuric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, clarified lime water, concentrated sodium hydroxide solution and so on. Then the reagents held in devices C and D are in order _______________; device E serves ______________________________.
(3) In order to determine the mass ratio of the two elements, carbon and hydrogen, in a candle, the mass of the device (fill in the device number) _______________ must be weighed before and after the reaction.
IV. Calculation questions (This question includes 1 sub-question, ***8 points.)
30. (8 points) A petrochemical plant has a petroleum product containing residual sulfuric acid with a mass fraction of 4.9%, and in the past they have used NaOH solution to clean this sulfuric acid. Calculate:
(1) How many kilograms of NaOH would be needed to clean 100 kg of this petroleum product?
(2) The petrochemical plant has undergone a technological change to neutralize this residual sulfuric acid with Ca(OH)2. How much can be saved for each 100 kg of this product?
The market prices of NaOH and Ca(OH)2 are shown in the table below:
Name Ca(OH)2 NaOH
Price (yuan/kg) 6.00 24.00
Reference Answer:
1.B 2.D 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.D 7.D 8.B 9.D 10.D
11.C 12.C 13.B 14.D 15.A 16.C 17.B 18.A 19.C
20.(1) Light Pollution I III
(2) 2CO + 2NO2 2CO2 + N2
(3) Kunming ABD
21.NaCl CO2 H2SO4 Ca(OH)2
22.①3 32 ②C8N8O16 = 8CO2 + 4 N2
23.HCl (or H2SO4), Ba(OH)2, BaCl2 (or CaCl2)
24.Solution 1: ① Phenolphthalein test solution ② turns red ③ NaOH solution ④ NaCl solution ⑤ Na2SO4 solution
⑥ BaCl2 solution ⑦ white precipitate ⑧ Na2SO4 solution ⑨ NaCl solution
Solution two: ① litmus test solution ② turned blue ③ NaOH solution ④ NaCl solution ⑤ Na2SO4 solution ⑥ BaCl2 solution ⑦ white precipitate ⑧ Na2SO4 solution ⑨ NaCl solution
Solution three: ① BaCl2 solution ① NaCl2 solution ② NaCl solution
Solution three. BaCl2 solution ② white precipitate ③ Na2SO4 solution ④ NaOH solution ⑤ NaCl solution ⑥ phenolphthalein test solution ⑦ turn red ⑧ NaOH solution ⑨ NaCl solution
Solution four: ① BaCl2 solution ② white precipitate ③ Na2SO4 solution ④ NaOH solution ⑤ NaCl solution ⑥ litmus test solution ⑦ turn blue ⑧ NaOH solution ⑨ NaCl solution
25. (1) A, C (2) temperature t1 ℃, A, B, C three substances solubility is equal (3) C
26. (1) O2 test tubes, iron table, alcohol lamp
(2) downward exhaust method, ammonia is soluble in water and density is smaller than that of the air
(3) 4NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H2O 2NO + O2 = 2NH2 + 6H2O. 6H2O 2NO + O2 = 2NO2 2NO2 + H2O = 2HNO3 + NO
27. (1) Preparation of the same mass of copper nitrate consumes less dilute nitric acid than concentrated nitric acid (or the same mass of dilute nitric acid than the concentrated nitric acid production of copper nitrate more)
(2) 2Cu + O2 2CuO CuO + 2HNO3 = Cu(NO3)2 + H2O (or 2Cu + O2 + 4HNO3 = 2Cu(NO3)2 + 2H2O)
28. (1) A; concentrated sulfuric acid (2) silver nitrate solution or litmus solution or sodium carbonate solution, etc. (3) B; A
29. (1) (1) ① ⑤ ③ ④ ⑥ ②
(2) concentrated sulfuric acid clarified lime water absorbed the carbon dioxide produced
(3) B and C, D and E (or B, C, D, E)
30. Solution: (1) Let the mass of NaOH required be x. Then:
2NaOH + H2SO4 = Na2SO4 + 2H2O
80 98
x 100kg×4.9%
Solve: x = = 4kg
( 2) Let the mass of Ca(OH)2 needed after the improvement be y.
Ca(OH)2 + H2SO4 = CaSO4 + 2H2O
74 98
y 100kg×4.9%
Solve: y = = 3.7kg
Then, the savings can be made as follows: 4kg×24.00/kg -3.7kg × $6.00/kg = $73.8
Answer: slightly